The Invention of Natural Kinds
Abstract This paper begins by pointing out the major weaknesses of the essentialist and constructivist conceptions of natural kinds. Then, it presents and defends the Richard Boyd’s theory, among others authors, that defines natural kinds as homeostatic property clusters. In this theory the concept of natural kind becomes flexible and applicable not only to physics and chemistry, but also to biology, the social sciences and even common knowledge, and the acceptance of a certain kind as natural depends on points of view and spatiotemporal circumstances. However, this theory maintains a realist approach to natural kinds because argues that inferential and predictive capacity of these is a result of their accommodation to causal structure of world.
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Putnam, Hilary (1975). The meaning of ’meaning’. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, (7), 215–271.
Putnam, Hilary (1981). Reason, truth and history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Putnam, Hilary (1987). The many faces of realism. La Salle Ill: Open Court.
Quintanilla, Miguel A. (1988). Tecnología: Un enfoque filosófico. Madrid: Fundesco.
Sober, Elliot (1993). Philosophy of Biology. Boulder Co: Westview Press.
Stegmüller , Wolfgang (1970). Theorie und Erfahrung. Versión española de Carlos U. Moulines: Teoría y experiencia. Barcelona: Ariel, 1979.
Bird, Alexander (1998). Philosophy of science. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Boyd, Richard (1991). Realism, anti-foundationalism and the enthusiasm for natural kinds. Philosophical Studies, (61), 127–148.
Boyd, Richard (1999a). Homeostasis, species and higher taxes. En Robert A. Wilson (ed.), Species. New interdisciplinary essays (pp. 142–185). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Boyd, Richard (1999b). Kinds, complexity and multiple realization. Philosophical Studies, 95 (1-2), 67-98.
Boyd, Richard (2010). Realism, natural kinds and philosophical methods. En Helen Beebee and Nigel Sabbarton-Leary (eds.), The Semantic and Metaphysics of Natural Kinds (pp. 212–234). NewYork: Routledge.
Dupré, John (1993). The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundation of the Disunity of Science. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Dupré, John (2002). Humans and Other Animals. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ellis, Brian (2001). Scientific Essentialism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ghiselin, Michael T. (1974). A Radical Solution to the Species Problem. Systematic Zoology, (23), 536-544.
Goodman, Nelson (1978). Ways of worldmaking. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company.
Hempel, Carl (1952). Fundamentals of Concepts Formation in Empirical Science. En International Encyclopedia of the Unity od Science, 2 (7). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hochman, Adam (2013). Against the New Racial Naturalism. Journal of Philosophy, 110 (7), 331–51.
Hull, David L. (1978). A Matter of Individuality. Philosophy of Science, (45), 335–360
Kripke, Saul (1972). Naming and necessity. En Donald Davidson y Gilbert Harman (eds.), Semantics of natural language (pp. 253–355). Dordrecht: Reidel.
Lawler , Diego y Vega, Jesús (2010). Clases artificiales. Azafea, (12), 119-147.
Lewontin, Richard C. (1974). The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change. New York: Columbia University Press
Livingstone, Frank B. y Dobzhansky, Theodosius (1962). On the non-existence of human races. Current Anthropology, (3), 279–81.
Locke, John (1689). Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Versión española de Edmundo O’Gorman: Ensayo sobre el entendimiento humano. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1992.
Lowe, Edward J. (2006). The Four-Category Ontology: A Metaphysical Foundation for Natural Science. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Mellor, David H. (1977). Natural kinds. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, (28), 299–312
Mosterín, Jesús (2000). Conceptos y teorías en la ciencia. Madrid:Alianza.
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1873). Über Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinn. Versión española de Luis M. Valdés: Sobre verdad y mentira en sentido extramoral. Valencia: Revista Teorema, 1980.
Putnam, Hilary (1975). The meaning of ’meaning’. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, (7), 215–271.
Putnam, Hilary (1981). Reason, truth and history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Putnam, Hilary (1987). The many faces of realism. La Salle Ill: Open Court.
Quintanilla, Miguel A. (1988). Tecnología: Un enfoque filosófico. Madrid: Fundesco.
Sober, Elliot (1993). Philosophy of Biology. Boulder Co: Westview Press.
Stegmüller , Wolfgang (1970). Theorie und Erfahrung. Versión española de Carlos U. Moulines: Teoría y experiencia. Barcelona: Ariel, 1979.
Álvarez Toledo, S. (2019). The Invention of Natural Kinds. ArtefaCToS. Revista De Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La tecnología, 8(1), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.14201/art2019814060
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