La belleza del código. El desarrollo de html5
Resumen Gracias al crecimiento, desarrollo y popularización de la World Wide Web, su desarrollo tecnológico goza de un mayor protagonismo en la sociedad, debido a la creciente integración de ambas. Nuestro ánimo en este artículo es describir, caracterizar y analizar el proceso de creación y desarrollo del nuevo estándar web de hipertexto; HTML5. Al mismo tiempo, exploramos este proceso a la luz de varias teorías que aúnan tecnología y sociedad.También prestamos especial atención a los usuarios de la World Wide Web y al uso que éstos hacen de los «Social Media» o «Medios Sociales». Sugerimos que los usuarios, a través de estas aplicaciones, ejercen una influencia en el desarrollo tecnológico de la Web y de los estándares en particular.
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Anderson, Chris (2004): The Long Tail. Wired. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html.
Anderson, Chris (2007) La Economía «Long Tail». De Los Mercados de Masas Al Triunfo de Lo Minoritario. Barcelona. Ediciones Urano.
Anderson, Paul (2007): What Is Web 2.0? Ideas, Technologies and Implications for Education http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf.
Andersson, David (2007): html5, xhtml2, and the Future of the Web. http://www.digital-web.com/articles/html5_xhtml2_and_the_future_of_the_web.
Berners-Lee, Tim (2006): Reinventing html. http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/166.
Bijker, Wiebe E. (1995): Sociohistorical Technology Studies. In Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Revised Edition, edited by S. Jasanoff; G. Markle; J. Petersen and T. Pinch, pp. 229–257. Thousand Oaks, ca: sage Publications. http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/handbook-of-science-and-technology-studies/n11.xml.
Bijker, Wiebe E.; T. P. Hughes, and Trevor J. Pinch (1987): The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Edited by Wiebe E. Bijker; T. P. Hughes and Trevor J. Pinch. Cambridge, ma: mit Press.
Bijker, Wiebe E. and Trevor J. Pinch (1984): The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other. Social Studies of Science 14 (3): 399–441.
Calore, Michael (2010): Scribd Ditches Flash for html5. Wired uk. http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2010-05/07/scribd-ditches-flash-for-html5.
Castells, Manuel (2001): La Galaxia Internet. Barcelona: Areté.
Castro, Elizabeth (2007): html, xhtml y css. Anaya Multimedia.
Chau, M. L. C. (2009): html5: Its Evolution and Why It Matters. Itsc.org.sg: 9–20. http://www.itsc.org.sg/pdf/2011/Section2_Article1_021111.pdf.
Duggan, Maeve and Aaron Smith (2014): Three Technology Revolutions. Pew Research Internet Project. http://www.pewinternet.org/three-technology-revolutions/.
Echeverría, Javier (2008): El Manual de Oslo y La Innovación Social. Arbor 184 (732): 609–618. http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/viewArticle/210.
Echeverría, Javier (2013): Evaluar Las Innovaciones y su Difusión Social. Isegoría (48) (August 22): 173–184. doi:10.3989/isegoria.2013.048.09. http://isegoria.revistas.csic.es/index.php/isegoria/article/view/816/815.
Ellul, Jacques (1964): The Technological Society. Vintage Books.
Franganillo, J. (2010): Html5: El Nuevo Estándar Básico de La Web: 261–265. http://www.academia.edu/download/30940232/html5.pdf.
González García, Marta; José Antonio López Cerezo y José Luis Luján (1996): Las Concepciones de La Tecnologia, en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad. Una introducción al estudio social de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, 1–16. Madrid: tecnos.
Hackett, Edward J.; Olga Amsterdamska; Michael E. Lynch and Judy Wajcman (2007): The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. Edited by Edward J. Hackett; Olga Amsterdamska; Michael E. Lynch and Judy Wajcman. 3rd ed. Cambridge, ma: The mit Press.
Harding, John (2010): YouTube api Blog: Flash and the html5 (video) Tag. http://apiblog.youtube.com/2010/06/flash-and-html5-tag.html.
Helmer, Olaf; B. Brown and T. Gordon (1966): Social Technology. New York: Basic Books.
Hickson, Ian and David Hyatt (2008): html5 A Vocabulary and Associated apis for html and xhtml (w3c Working Draft 22 January 2008). http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080122/.
Hughes, T. P. (1987): The Evolution of Large Technological Systems en The Social Construction of Technological Systems, edited by Wiebe E. Bijker; T. P. Hughes and Trevor J. Pinch, 51–82. Cambridge, ma: mit Press.
Innerarity, Daniel and Ander Gurrutxaga (2009): ¿Cómo Es Una Sociedad Innovadora? Innobasque.
Jobs, Steve (2010): Thoughts on Flash. http://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/.
Keith, Jeremy (2010): html5 for Web Designers. Nueva York: A Book Apart.
Klemperer, Paul (2006): Network Effects and Switching Costs: Two Short Essays for the New Palgrave. ssrn Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.907502. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=907502.
Laningham, Scott (2006): DeveloperWorks Interviews: Tim Berners-Lee. August 22. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/podcast/dwi/cm-int082206txt.html.
Le Hegaret, Philippe and Ian Jacob (2009): Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the Future of xhtml. http://www.w3.org/2009/06/xhtml-faq.html.
Liebowitz, S. J. and Stephen E. Margolis (1994): Network Externality: An Uncommon Tragedy. Journal of Economic Perspectives 8 (2). http://www.utdallas.edu/~liebowit/jep.html.
Linder, Brad (2013): Cisco Sets H.264 Free(ish) with Royalty-Free Video Codec. Liliputing. http://liliputing.com/2013/10/cisco-sets-h-264-freeish-with-royalty-free-video-codec.html.
López Cerezo, José A. and Marta I. González (2013): Encrucijadas Sociales de La Innovación. Isegoría (48) (August 22): 11–24. doi:10.3989/isegoria.2013.048.01. http://isegoria.revistas.csic.es/index.php/isegoria/article/view/808/807.
Lundvall, Bengt-Ake (1992): National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter Publ.
Mulgan, Geoff (2006): The Process of Social Innovation. Innovations: 145–162.
Mulgan, Geoff; Simon Tucker; Rushanara Ali and Ben Sanders (2007): Social Innovation. Edited by Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship. The Basingstoke Press.
O´Mara, Mason P. (2012): New Features In html5. University of Wisconsin-Platteville (Department of Computer Science).
O´Reilly, Tim (2005): What Is Web 2.0? Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. O´Reilly. http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html.
oecd (2005): Manual de Oslo: Guía Para La Recogida E Interpretación de Datos Sobre Innovación. ocde Publishing
pilgrim, Mark (2010): html5: Up and Running. O’Reilly Media. http://www.amazon.com/HTML5-Up-Running-Mark-Pilgrim/dp/0596806027.
Quintanilla, M. A.( 1998): Técnica y Cultura. Teorema XVII/3. http://www.oei.es/salactsi/teorema03.htm.
Quintanilla, Miguel Ángel (1989): Tecnología: Un Enfoque Filosófico. Madrid: fundesco.
Rogers, Everett M. (1962): Diffusion of Innovations. New York. Free Press.
Schafer, Steven M. (2010): html, xhtml y css. Madrid: Anaya Multimedia.
Schonfeld, Erick. (2010): Google, Mozilla, And Opera Take On H.264 With The WebM Project, A New Royalty-Free Video Codec. TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2010/05/19/webm-google-h-264/.
Shapiro, Carl and Hal R. Varian (1999): Information Rules. Harvard Business School Press.
Slideshare-Blog (2011): SlideShare Moves to html5: Your Slides Will Work on All Mobile Devices Now. http://blog.slideshare.net/2011/09/27/slideshare-html5/.
The Mozzilla Foundation & Opera Software (2004): Position Paper for the w3c Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents. http://www.w3.org/2004/04/webapps-cdf-ws/papers/opera.html.
Tucker, John V.; Victoria Wang and Kevin Haines (2012): Phatic Technologies in Modern Society. Technology in Society 34 (1) (February): 84–93. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2012.01.001. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160791X12000024.
Von Hippel, Eric (1998): The Sources of Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Von Hippel, Eric (2005): Democratizing Innovation. Cambridge, ma: The mit Press. http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm.
w3c (2011): HTML5. http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/.
w3c (2013): Differences from HTML4 (W3C Working Draft 28 May 2013). http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/.
Wang, Victoria; John V. Tucker; and Tracey E. Rihll (2011): On Phatic Technologies for Creating and Maintaining Human Relationships. Technology in Society 33 (1-2) (February): 44–51. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2011.03.017. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160791X11000182.
Winner, Langdon (1979): Tecnología Autónoma. Barcelona: Gustavo Gilli.
Winner (1980): Do Artifacts Have Politics?? Daedalus 109 (1): 121–136. https://blog.itu.dk/I-II-E2013/files/2013/11/winner-l-do-artifacts-have-politics.pdf.
Winner (1993): Upon Opening the Black Box and Finding Empty: Social Constructivism and the Philosophy of Technology. Science, Technology & Human Values 18 (3): 362–378.
Anderson, Chris (2007) La Economía «Long Tail». De Los Mercados de Masas Al Triunfo de Lo Minoritario. Barcelona. Ediciones Urano.
Anderson, Paul (2007): What Is Web 2.0? Ideas, Technologies and Implications for Education http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf.
Andersson, David (2007): html5, xhtml2, and the Future of the Web. http://www.digital-web.com/articles/html5_xhtml2_and_the_future_of_the_web.
Berners-Lee, Tim (2006): Reinventing html. http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/166.
Bijker, Wiebe E. (1995): Sociohistorical Technology Studies. In Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Revised Edition, edited by S. Jasanoff; G. Markle; J. Petersen and T. Pinch, pp. 229–257. Thousand Oaks, ca: sage Publications. http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/handbook-of-science-and-technology-studies/n11.xml.
Bijker, Wiebe E.; T. P. Hughes, and Trevor J. Pinch (1987): The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Edited by Wiebe E. Bijker; T. P. Hughes and Trevor J. Pinch. Cambridge, ma: mit Press.
Bijker, Wiebe E. and Trevor J. Pinch (1984): The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: Or How the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other. Social Studies of Science 14 (3): 399–441.
Calore, Michael (2010): Scribd Ditches Flash for html5. Wired uk. http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2010-05/07/scribd-ditches-flash-for-html5.
Castells, Manuel (2001): La Galaxia Internet. Barcelona: Areté.
Castro, Elizabeth (2007): html, xhtml y css. Anaya Multimedia.
Chau, M. L. C. (2009): html5: Its Evolution and Why It Matters. Itsc.org.sg: 9–20. http://www.itsc.org.sg/pdf/2011/Section2_Article1_021111.pdf.
Duggan, Maeve and Aaron Smith (2014): Three Technology Revolutions. Pew Research Internet Project. http://www.pewinternet.org/three-technology-revolutions/.
Echeverría, Javier (2008): El Manual de Oslo y La Innovación Social. Arbor 184 (732): 609–618. http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/viewArticle/210.
Echeverría, Javier (2013): Evaluar Las Innovaciones y su Difusión Social. Isegoría (48) (August 22): 173–184. doi:10.3989/isegoria.2013.048.09. http://isegoria.revistas.csic.es/index.php/isegoria/article/view/816/815.
Ellul, Jacques (1964): The Technological Society. Vintage Books.
Franganillo, J. (2010): Html5: El Nuevo Estándar Básico de La Web: 261–265. http://www.academia.edu/download/30940232/html5.pdf.
González García, Marta; José Antonio López Cerezo y José Luis Luján (1996): Las Concepciones de La Tecnologia, en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad. Una introducción al estudio social de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, 1–16. Madrid: tecnos.
Hackett, Edward J.; Olga Amsterdamska; Michael E. Lynch and Judy Wajcman (2007): The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. Edited by Edward J. Hackett; Olga Amsterdamska; Michael E. Lynch and Judy Wajcman. 3rd ed. Cambridge, ma: The mit Press.
Harding, John (2010): YouTube api Blog: Flash and the html5 (video) Tag. http://apiblog.youtube.com/2010/06/flash-and-html5-tag.html.
Helmer, Olaf; B. Brown and T. Gordon (1966): Social Technology. New York: Basic Books.
Hickson, Ian and David Hyatt (2008): html5 A Vocabulary and Associated apis for html and xhtml (w3c Working Draft 22 January 2008). http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080122/.
Hughes, T. P. (1987): The Evolution of Large Technological Systems en The Social Construction of Technological Systems, edited by Wiebe E. Bijker; T. P. Hughes and Trevor J. Pinch, 51–82. Cambridge, ma: mit Press.
Innerarity, Daniel and Ander Gurrutxaga (2009): ¿Cómo Es Una Sociedad Innovadora? Innobasque.
Jobs, Steve (2010): Thoughts on Flash. http://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/.
Keith, Jeremy (2010): html5 for Web Designers. Nueva York: A Book Apart.
Klemperer, Paul (2006): Network Effects and Switching Costs: Two Short Essays for the New Palgrave. ssrn Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.907502. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=907502.
Laningham, Scott (2006): DeveloperWorks Interviews: Tim Berners-Lee. August 22. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/podcast/dwi/cm-int082206txt.html.
Le Hegaret, Philippe and Ian Jacob (2009): Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the Future of xhtml. http://www.w3.org/2009/06/xhtml-faq.html.
Liebowitz, S. J. and Stephen E. Margolis (1994): Network Externality: An Uncommon Tragedy. Journal of Economic Perspectives 8 (2). http://www.utdallas.edu/~liebowit/jep.html.
Linder, Brad (2013): Cisco Sets H.264 Free(ish) with Royalty-Free Video Codec. Liliputing. http://liliputing.com/2013/10/cisco-sets-h-264-freeish-with-royalty-free-video-codec.html.
López Cerezo, José A. and Marta I. González (2013): Encrucijadas Sociales de La Innovación. Isegoría (48) (August 22): 11–24. doi:10.3989/isegoria.2013.048.01. http://isegoria.revistas.csic.es/index.php/isegoria/article/view/808/807.
Lundvall, Bengt-Ake (1992): National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter Publ.
Mulgan, Geoff (2006): The Process of Social Innovation. Innovations: 145–162.
Mulgan, Geoff; Simon Tucker; Rushanara Ali and Ben Sanders (2007): Social Innovation. Edited by Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship. The Basingstoke Press.
O´Mara, Mason P. (2012): New Features In html5. University of Wisconsin-Platteville (Department of Computer Science).
O´Reilly, Tim (2005): What Is Web 2.0? Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. O´Reilly. http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html.
oecd (2005): Manual de Oslo: Guía Para La Recogida E Interpretación de Datos Sobre Innovación. ocde Publishing
pilgrim, Mark (2010): html5: Up and Running. O’Reilly Media. http://www.amazon.com/HTML5-Up-Running-Mark-Pilgrim/dp/0596806027.
Quintanilla, M. A.( 1998): Técnica y Cultura. Teorema XVII/3. http://www.oei.es/salactsi/teorema03.htm.
Quintanilla, Miguel Ángel (1989): Tecnología: Un Enfoque Filosófico. Madrid: fundesco.
Rogers, Everett M. (1962): Diffusion of Innovations. New York. Free Press.
Schafer, Steven M. (2010): html, xhtml y css. Madrid: Anaya Multimedia.
Schonfeld, Erick. (2010): Google, Mozilla, And Opera Take On H.264 With The WebM Project, A New Royalty-Free Video Codec. TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2010/05/19/webm-google-h-264/.
Shapiro, Carl and Hal R. Varian (1999): Information Rules. Harvard Business School Press.
Slideshare-Blog (2011): SlideShare Moves to html5: Your Slides Will Work on All Mobile Devices Now. http://blog.slideshare.net/2011/09/27/slideshare-html5/.
The Mozzilla Foundation & Opera Software (2004): Position Paper for the w3c Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents. http://www.w3.org/2004/04/webapps-cdf-ws/papers/opera.html.
Tucker, John V.; Victoria Wang and Kevin Haines (2012): Phatic Technologies in Modern Society. Technology in Society 34 (1) (February): 84–93. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2012.01.001. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160791X12000024.
Von Hippel, Eric (1998): The Sources of Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Von Hippel, Eric (2005): Democratizing Innovation. Cambridge, ma: The mit Press. http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm.
w3c (2011): HTML5. http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/.
w3c (2013): Differences from HTML4 (W3C Working Draft 28 May 2013). http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/.
Wang, Victoria; John V. Tucker; and Tracey E. Rihll (2011): On Phatic Technologies for Creating and Maintaining Human Relationships. Technology in Society 33 (1-2) (February): 44–51. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2011.03.017. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160791X11000182.
Winner, Langdon (1979): Tecnología Autónoma. Barcelona: Gustavo Gilli.
Winner (1980): Do Artifacts Have Politics?? Daedalus 109 (1): 121–136. https://blog.itu.dk/I-II-E2013/files/2013/11/winner-l-do-artifacts-have-politics.pdf.
Winner (1993): Upon Opening the Black Box and Finding Empty: Social Constructivism and the Philosophy of Technology. Science, Technology & Human Values 18 (3): 362–378.
Tabarés Gutiérrez, R. (2016). La belleza del código. El desarrollo de html5. Artefactos. Revista De Estudios Filosóficos Sobre Ciencia Y Tecnología, 6, 139–162. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.usal.es/cinco/index.php/artefactos/article/view/15590
Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a
- Raúl Tabarés Gutiérrez, El inicio de la Web: historia y cronología del hipertexto hasta HTML 4.0 (1990-99) , Artefactos. Revista de Estudios Filosóficos sobre Ciencia y Tecnología: Vol. 5 (2012)
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