Magnetic Resonance of Parotid and Submandibular Salivary Glands
Abstract Introduction and objective: Salivary glands are divided in major and minor, including tissue distributed by the upper airway. There are numerous entities which can affect these structures conditioning various types of pathology. Given the greater importance of the submandibular and parotid gland, this article focuses on their study. Method: A retrospective review of patients underwent MRI studies with known or suspected pathology of salivary glands was made, over five years (2011-2015), assuming a total of 123 patients. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified pathology in most patients, including inflammatory and infectious disorders, benign and malignant neoplasms and even autoimmune disease. Conclusions: Through these studies performed in our Hospital it was possible to get a complete vision of the glandular anatomy and pathology in most cases, including long-term monitoring of patients with known disease, optimizing scans by using fat saturation sequences and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, with the added advantage of the absence of ionizing radiation. However, in some cases it was not possible to reach an accurate diagnostic imaging and biopsy was necessary.
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Capss EF, Kinsella JK, Gupta M, Bhatki M, Opatowsky J. Emergency Imaging Assesment of Acute, Nontraumatic Conditions of Head and Neck. Radiographics. 2010;30:1335-52. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.305105040 - PMid:20833854
De Juan M, Azpeitia J. (coordinadores). Radiología de cabeza y cuello. Actualizaciones SERAM. Elsevier Espa-a S.L. 2012.
Eida S, Sumi M, Nakamura T. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the differentiation between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;31:673-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22091 - PMid:20187211
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Harada H, Omura K. Metastasis of oral cancer to the parotid node. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009;35(8):890-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2008.09.013 - PMid:19004605
Harnsberger HR, Glastonbury CM, Michel MA, Koch BL. Diagnostic Imaging: Head and Neck. Amirsys. 2nd edition. 2011.
Ikeda M, Motoori K, Hanazawa T, Nagai Y, Yamamoto S, Ueda T et al. Warthin tumor of the parotid gland: diagnostic value of MR imaging with histopathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Nauroradiol. 2004;25:1256-62. - PMid:15313720
Kato H, Kanematsu M, Mizuta K, Ito Y, Hirose Y. Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: radiologic-pathologic correlation with MR imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:865-7. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A0974 - PMid:18272554
Kruse A, Grätz KW. Evaluation of metastases in the submandibular gland in head and neck malignancy. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(6):2024-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181be87a3 - PMid:19881371
Maroldi R, Farina D, Borghesi A, Marconi A, Gatti E. Perineural tumor spread. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2008;18:413-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2008.01.001 - PMid:18466839
Ren YD, Li XR, Zhang J, Long LL, Li WX, Han YQ. Conventional MRI techniques combined with MR sialography on T2-3D-DRIVE in Sjögren syndrome. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(3):3974-82. - PMid:26064299 PMCid:PMC4443133
Som PM, Curtin HD. Head and Neck imaging. 4th ed. Mosby 2003.
PMCid:PMC4925744
Tartaglione T, Botto A, Sciandra M, Gaudino S, Danieli L, Parrilla C, et al. Differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumours: which magnetic resonance findings should be taken in account? Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;35(5):314-20. - PMid:26824912 PMCid:PMC4720931
Yabuuchi H, Matsuo Y, Kamitani T, Setoguchi T, Okafuji T, Soeda H et al. Parotid gland tumors: can addition of diffusion-weighted MR imaging to dynamic contrast-enhanced RM imaging improve disgnostic accuracy in characterization? Radiology. 2008;249:909:16.
Yousem DM, Kraut Ma, Chalian AA. Major Salivary Gland Imaging. Radiology. 2010;216:19-29. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.216.1.r00jl4519 - PMid:10887223
Zaghi S, Hendizadeh L, Hung T, Farahvar S, Abemayor E. MRI criteria for the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma: a validation study. Am J Otolaryngol. 2014;35(6):713-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.07.013 - PMid:25128908
Zhu L, Wang P, Yang J, Yu Q. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the parotid gland: CT and MR imaging findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42(9):20130046. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20130046 - PMid:23975113 PMCid:PMC3828024
Ayadi K, Ayadi L, Daoud E, Mnif Z, Ben Mahfoudh K, Boudawara T, et al. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid with facial nerve invasion. Tunis Med. 2010;88(1):46-8. - PMid:20415214
Becker M, Marchal F, Becker CD, Dulgueroy P, Georgakopoulos G, Lehman W et al. Sialolithiasis and Salivary Ductal Stenosis: Diagnostic Accuracy of MR Sialography with a Three-dimensional Extended-Phase Conjugate-Symmetry Rapid Spin-Echo Sequence. Radiology. 2000;217:347-58. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.217.2.r00oc02347 - PMid:11058627
Capss EF, Kinsella JK, Gupta M, Bhatki M, Opatowsky J. Emergency Imaging Assesment of Acute, Nontraumatic Conditions of Head and Neck. Radiographics. 2010;30:1335-52. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.305105040 - PMid:20833854
De Juan M, Azpeitia J. (coordinadores). Radiología de cabeza y cuello. Actualizaciones SERAM. Elsevier Espa-a S.L. 2012.
Eida S, Sumi M, Nakamura T. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the differentiation between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;31:673-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22091 - PMid:20187211
Eida S, Sumi M, Sakinama N, takahashi H, Nakamura T. Apparent difusión coefficient mapping of salivary gland tumors: prediction of different histologic subtypes possible? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:591-6.
Harada H, Omura K. Metastasis of oral cancer to the parotid node. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009;35(8):890-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2008.09.013 - PMid:19004605
Harnsberger HR, Glastonbury CM, Michel MA, Koch BL. Diagnostic Imaging: Head and Neck. Amirsys. 2nd edition. 2011.
Ikeda M, Motoori K, Hanazawa T, Nagai Y, Yamamoto S, Ueda T et al. Warthin tumor of the parotid gland: diagnostic value of MR imaging with histopathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Nauroradiol. 2004;25:1256-62. - PMid:15313720
Kato H, Kanematsu M, Mizuta K, Ito Y, Hirose Y. Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: radiologic-pathologic correlation with MR imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:865-7. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A0974 - PMid:18272554
Kruse A, Grätz KW. Evaluation of metastases in the submandibular gland in head and neck malignancy. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(6):2024-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181be87a3 - PMid:19881371
Maroldi R, Farina D, Borghesi A, Marconi A, Gatti E. Perineural tumor spread. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2008;18:413-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2008.01.001 - PMid:18466839
Ren YD, Li XR, Zhang J, Long LL, Li WX, Han YQ. Conventional MRI techniques combined with MR sialography on T2-3D-DRIVE in Sjögren syndrome. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(3):3974-82. - PMid:26064299 PMCid:PMC4443133
Som PM, Curtin HD. Head and Neck imaging. 4th ed. Mosby 2003.
PMCid:PMC4925744
Tartaglione T, Botto A, Sciandra M, Gaudino S, Danieli L, Parrilla C, et al. Differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumours: which magnetic resonance findings should be taken in account? Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;35(5):314-20. - PMid:26824912 PMCid:PMC4720931
Yabuuchi H, Matsuo Y, Kamitani T, Setoguchi T, Okafuji T, Soeda H et al. Parotid gland tumors: can addition of diffusion-weighted MR imaging to dynamic contrast-enhanced RM imaging improve disgnostic accuracy in characterization? Radiology. 2008;249:909:16.
Yousem DM, Kraut Ma, Chalian AA. Major Salivary Gland Imaging. Radiology. 2010;216:19-29. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.216.1.r00jl4519 - PMid:10887223
Zaghi S, Hendizadeh L, Hung T, Farahvar S, Abemayor E. MRI criteria for the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma: a validation study. Am J Otolaryngol. 2014;35(6):713-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.07.013 - PMid:25128908
Zhu L, Wang P, Yang J, Yu Q. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the parotid gland: CT and MR imaging findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42(9):20130046. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20130046 - PMid:23975113 PMCid:PMC3828024
Hernández-Rodríguez, M. C., Martín-Pérez, M. Ángel, Marín-Balbín, J. M., Blanco-Hernández, R., Martín-García, I., & Tabernero-Rico, R. D. (2017). Magnetic Resonance of Parotid and Submandibular Salivary Glands. Revista ORL, 8(4), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.14844
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