Prevalencia de la disfagia orofaríngea en pacientes adultos. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis
Resumen Introducción y objetivo: La disfagia orofaríngea es un síntoma clínico de alta prevalencia, caracterizado por la dificultad en la deglución, que presenta diversos factores etiológicos. Su tratamiento se realiza de manera multidisciplinar, incluyendo diversos profesionales de ciencias de la salud. El objetivo es conocer la prevalencia de la disfagia orofaríngea en pacientes adultos. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de estudios relativos a la prevalencia de disfagia orofaríngea en pacientes adultos. El cribado y la selección de estudios se realizó a través del método Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Se realizó un análisis estadístico de las variables consideradas relevantes para el estudio. Resultados: Un total de 29 estudios fueron seleccionados. La prevalencia total de la disfagia se presentó con una probabilidad de p = 0.39, en un intervalo de confianza de (IC 95% 0.303 – 0.476). Discusión: Existe asociación o correlación entre la disfagia y diversos estados clínicos o patologías del paciente. Se ha encontrado una relación directa entre la prevalencia de la disfagia y una edad avanzada. Conclusiones: La disfagia orofaríngea se presentó con una alta prevalencia según los estudios seleccionados. Las enfermedades neurológicas, la malnutrición y la neumonía fueron los principales estados comórbidos en los pacientes con disfagia. La función de enfermería permanece prácticamente ausente en los estudios seleccionados.
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Lancaster J. Dysphagia: its nature assesment and management. Br J Community Nurs. 2015;20:28–32.
Baijens LWJ, Clavé P, Cras P, Ekberg O, Forster A, Kolb GF, et al. European society for swallowing disorders - European union geriatric medicine society white paper: Oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:1403–28.
Smithard DG. Dysphagia: Prevalence, management and the community nurse. Community Pract. 2015;88(10):32–6.
Burgos R, Sarto B, Segurola H, Romagosa A, Puiggrós C, Vázquez C, et al. Traducción y validación de la versión en español de la escala EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) para el despistaje de la disfagia. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(6):2048–54.
Rofes L, Arreola V, Clavé P. Stepping Stones to Living Well with Dysphagia. Nestlé Nutr Inst Work Ser. 2012;72:33–42.
Andrade P, Santos C, Firmino H, Rosa C. The importance of dysphagia screening and nutritional assessment in hospitalized patients. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2018;16(2):eAO4189.
Tufan A, Bahat G. Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a prevalent problem associated with mortality in hospitalized older adults. Eur Geriatr Med. 2016;7:206.
Melgaard D, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Mørch MM. The prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in acute geriatric patients. Geriatr. 2018;3(2):9–13.
Hansen T, Nielsen RL, Houlind MB, Tavenier J, Rasmussen LJH, Jørgensen LM, et al. Dysphagia prevalence, time course, and association with probable sarcopenia, inactivity, malnutrition, and disease status in older patients admitted to an emergency department: A secondary analysis of cohort study data. Geriatr. 2021;6(2):1–14.
Takeuchi K, Aida J, Ito K, Furuta M, Yamashita Y, Osaka K. Nutritional status and dysphagia risk among community-dwelling frail older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18(4):352–7.
González-Fernández M, Humbert I, Winegrad H, Cappola AR, Fried LP. Dysphagia in old-old women: Prevalence as determined by self-reportand the 3 oz. water swallowing test. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(4):716–20.
Adkins C, Takakura W, Spiegel B, Lu M, Vera-Llonch M, Williams J, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Dysphagia Based on a Population-Based Survey. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(9):1970–9.
Espinosa-Val M, Martín-Martínez A, Graupera M, Arias O, Elvira A, Cabré M, et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Complications of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Older Patients with Dementia. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):863.
Igarashi K, Kikutani T, Tamura F. Survey of suspected dysphagia prevalence in home-dwelling older people using the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). PLoS One. 2019;14(1):1–13.
Batista AO, Nascimento WV, Cassiani RA, Silva ACV, Alves LMT, Alves DC, et al. Prevalence of non-obstructive dysphagia in patients with heartburn and regurgitation. Clinics. 2020;75(15):1–6.
Casanueva R, López F, Costales M, Ordas A, Villanueva E, Llorente JL, et al. The presence of dysphagia in patients with cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS): a subjective and objective study. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2021;278(7):2585–92.
Villamayor L, Boente R, Herrero L, De Miguel JC, Freire C. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in an internal medicine unitand assessment of the utility of the eat (eating assessment tool) 10 test in the routine evaluation. Clin Nutr. 2016;35:199–200.
Inui A, Takahashi I, Kurauchi S, Soma Y, Oyama T, Tamura Y, et al. Oral conditions and dysphagia in Japanese, community-dwelling middle- and older- aged adults, independent in daily living. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:515–21.
Chaleekrua S, Janpol K, Wattanapan P. Swallowing Problems Among Community-Dwelling Elderly in Northeastern Thailand. J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:21501327211019596.
Eslick GD, Talley NJ. Dysphagia: Epidemiology, risk factors and impact on quality of life - A population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(10):971–9.
Turley R, Cohen S. Impact of voice and swallowing problems in the elderly. Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2009;140(1):33–6.
Cabre M, Serra-Prat M, Palomera E, Almirall J, Pallares R, Clavé P. Prevalence and prognostic implications of dysphagia in elderly patients with pneumonia. Age Ageing. 2009;39(1):39–45.
Wakabayashi H, Matsushima M. Dysphagia assessed by the 10-item eating assessment tool is associated with nutritional status and activities of daily living in elderly individuals requiring long-term care. J Nutr Health Aging. 2016;20(1):22–7.
Byun SE, Kwon KB, Kim SH, Lim SJ. The prevalence, risk factors and prognostic implications of dysphagia in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery in Korea. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1–7.
Chen S, Cui Y, Ding Y, Sun C, Xing Y, Zhou R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of dysphagia among nursing home residents in eastern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1–10.
Wolf U, Eckert S, Walter G, Wienke A, Bartel S, Plontke SK, et al. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in geriatric patients and real-life associations with diseases and drugs. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–14.
Solaro C, Cuccaro A, Gamberini G, Patti F, D’Amico E, Bergamaschi R, et al. Prevalence of dysphagia in a consecutive cohort of subjects with MS using fibre-optic endoscopy. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(5):1075–9.
Spronk PE, Spronk LEJ, Lut J, Gnacke E, Mijnes D, van Munster B, et al. Prevalence and characterization of dysphagia in hospitalized patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(3):1–9.
Frowen J, Hughes R, Skeat J. The prevalence of patient-reported dysphagia and oral complications in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28(3):1141–50.
Wakabayashi H, Takahashi R, Murakami T. The Prevalence and Prognosis of Sarcopenic Dysphagia in Patients Who Require Dysphagia Rehabilitation. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(1):84–8.
Ding X, Gao J, Xie C, Xiong B, Wu S, Cen Z, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlation of dysphagia in Parkinson disease: A study on Chinese patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(1):82–6.
Zhang H, Guo F, Tang M, Dai H, Sheng J, Chen L, et al. Association between Skeletal Muscle Strength and Dysphagia among Chinese Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(6):642–9.
Holmes SRM, Sabel AL, Gaudiani JL, Gudridge T, Brinton JT, Mehler PS. Prevalence and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with severe anorexia nervosa: A large retrospective review. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(2):161–8
Lancaster J. Dysphagia: its nature assesment and management. Br J Community Nurs. 2015;20:28–32.
Baijens LWJ, Clavé P, Cras P, Ekberg O, Forster A, Kolb GF, et al. European society for swallowing disorders - European union geriatric medicine society white paper: Oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:1403–28.
Smithard DG. Dysphagia: Prevalence, management and the community nurse. Community Pract. 2015;88(10):32–6.
Burgos R, Sarto B, Segurola H, Romagosa A, Puiggrós C, Vázquez C, et al. Traducción y validación de la versión en español de la escala EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool-10) para el despistaje de la disfagia. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(6):2048–54.
Rofes L, Arreola V, Clavé P. Stepping Stones to Living Well with Dysphagia. Nestlé Nutr Inst Work Ser. 2012;72:33–42.
Andrade P, Santos C, Firmino H, Rosa C. The importance of dysphagia screening and nutritional assessment in hospitalized patients. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2018;16(2):eAO4189.
Tufan A, Bahat G. Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a prevalent problem associated with mortality in hospitalized older adults. Eur Geriatr Med. 2016;7:206.
Melgaard D, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Mørch MM. The prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in acute geriatric patients. Geriatr. 2018;3(2):9–13.
Hansen T, Nielsen RL, Houlind MB, Tavenier J, Rasmussen LJH, Jørgensen LM, et al. Dysphagia prevalence, time course, and association with probable sarcopenia, inactivity, malnutrition, and disease status in older patients admitted to an emergency department: A secondary analysis of cohort study data. Geriatr. 2021;6(2):1–14.
Takeuchi K, Aida J, Ito K, Furuta M, Yamashita Y, Osaka K. Nutritional status and dysphagia risk among community-dwelling frail older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18(4):352–7.
González-Fernández M, Humbert I, Winegrad H, Cappola AR, Fried LP. Dysphagia in old-old women: Prevalence as determined by self-reportand the 3 oz. water swallowing test. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(4):716–20.
Adkins C, Takakura W, Spiegel B, Lu M, Vera-Llonch M, Williams J, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Dysphagia Based on a Population-Based Survey. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(9):1970–9.
Espinosa-Val M, Martín-Martínez A, Graupera M, Arias O, Elvira A, Cabré M, et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Complications of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Older Patients with Dementia. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):863.
Igarashi K, Kikutani T, Tamura F. Survey of suspected dysphagia prevalence in home-dwelling older people using the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). PLoS One. 2019;14(1):1–13.
Batista AO, Nascimento WV, Cassiani RA, Silva ACV, Alves LMT, Alves DC, et al. Prevalence of non-obstructive dysphagia in patients with heartburn and regurgitation. Clinics. 2020;75(15):1–6.
Casanueva R, López F, Costales M, Ordas A, Villanueva E, Llorente JL, et al. The presence of dysphagia in patients with cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS): a subjective and objective study. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2021;278(7):2585–92.
Villamayor L, Boente R, Herrero L, De Miguel JC, Freire C. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in an internal medicine unitand assessment of the utility of the eat (eating assessment tool) 10 test in the routine evaluation. Clin Nutr. 2016;35:199–200.
Inui A, Takahashi I, Kurauchi S, Soma Y, Oyama T, Tamura Y, et al. Oral conditions and dysphagia in Japanese, community-dwelling middle- and older- aged adults, independent in daily living. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:515–21.
Chaleekrua S, Janpol K, Wattanapan P. Swallowing Problems Among Community-Dwelling Elderly in Northeastern Thailand. J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:21501327211019596.
Eslick GD, Talley NJ. Dysphagia: Epidemiology, risk factors and impact on quality of life - A population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(10):971–9.
Turley R, Cohen S. Impact of voice and swallowing problems in the elderly. Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2009;140(1):33–6.
Cabre M, Serra-Prat M, Palomera E, Almirall J, Pallares R, Clavé P. Prevalence and prognostic implications of dysphagia in elderly patients with pneumonia. Age Ageing. 2009;39(1):39–45.
Wakabayashi H, Matsushima M. Dysphagia assessed by the 10-item eating assessment tool is associated with nutritional status and activities of daily living in elderly individuals requiring long-term care. J Nutr Health Aging. 2016;20(1):22–7.
Byun SE, Kwon KB, Kim SH, Lim SJ. The prevalence, risk factors and prognostic implications of dysphagia in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery in Korea. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1–7.
Chen S, Cui Y, Ding Y, Sun C, Xing Y, Zhou R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of dysphagia among nursing home residents in eastern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1–10.
Wolf U, Eckert S, Walter G, Wienke A, Bartel S, Plontke SK, et al. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in geriatric patients and real-life associations with diseases and drugs. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–14.
Solaro C, Cuccaro A, Gamberini G, Patti F, D’Amico E, Bergamaschi R, et al. Prevalence of dysphagia in a consecutive cohort of subjects with MS using fibre-optic endoscopy. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(5):1075–9.
Spronk PE, Spronk LEJ, Lut J, Gnacke E, Mijnes D, van Munster B, et al. Prevalence and characterization of dysphagia in hospitalized patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(3):1–9.
Frowen J, Hughes R, Skeat J. The prevalence of patient-reported dysphagia and oral complications in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28(3):1141–50.
Wakabayashi H, Takahashi R, Murakami T. The Prevalence and Prognosis of Sarcopenic Dysphagia in Patients Who Require Dysphagia Rehabilitation. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(1):84–8.
Ding X, Gao J, Xie C, Xiong B, Wu S, Cen Z, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlation of dysphagia in Parkinson disease: A study on Chinese patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(1):82–6.
Zhang H, Guo F, Tang M, Dai H, Sheng J, Chen L, et al. Association between Skeletal Muscle Strength and Dysphagia among Chinese Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(6):642–9.
Holmes SRM, Sabel AL, Gaudiani JL, Gudridge T, Brinton JT, Mehler PS. Prevalence and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with severe anorexia nervosa: A large retrospective review. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(2):161–8
Calles-Sánchez, F., & Pardal-Refoyo, J. L. (2023). Prevalencia de la disfagia orofaríngea en pacientes adultos. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Revista ORL, 14(2), e29490. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.29490
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