Captación patológica con 18-Fluorocolina frente a 99mTc-MIBI en la localización de las glándulas paratiroides en el hiperparatiroidismo. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis

Resumen

Introducción: La localización de las glándulas paratiroides patológicas en el hiperparatiroidismo usualmente se realiza mediante gammagrafía con 99mTc-sestamibi que incrementa su precisión al añadir la exploración ecográfica. La no localización de las glándulas paratiroides incrementa las dificultades para la extirpación quirúrgica. Para incrementar la detección de glándulas patológicas se utilizan otros trazadores radiactivos como la metionina, la fluorocolina o el 18F-flurpiridaz. Objetivo: Establecer si el PET/TC con 18-Fluorocolina en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo incrementa el número captaciones comparada con la gammagrafía con 99mTc-sestamibi. Método: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Se analizaron dos subgrupos. Subgrupo 1: ensayos que comparan ambas técnicas como exploración inicial. Se seleccionaron 13 estudios que incluyen 1131 exploraciones (596 PET/TC con 18-Fluorocolina vs. 535 gammagrafía con 99mTc-sestamibi). Se realizó metanálisis siguiendo el modelo de efectos aleatorios y se calculó la odds ratio. Subgrupo 2: estudios que incluyen la 18-Fluorocolina como exploración de rescate en pacientes con estudio previo negativo con gammagrafía con 99mTc-sestamibi. Se seleccionaron 17 artículos que incluyen 412 exploraciones con 359 pacientes en los que al menos hubo una captación. Se realizó metanálisis de la prevalencia del número de pacientes en los que hubo al menos una captación aplicando el modelo de efectos aleatorios. Resultados: Subgrupo 1: El número de pacientes en los que se presenta al menos una captación es significativamente superior con las exploraciones con 18-Fluorocolina (OR 4.264, IC 95% 2.400-7.577). La prevalencia de captaciones con 18-Fluorocolina es de 0.91 [0.86, 0.95] y con sestamibi de 0.68 [0.56, 0.80]. Subgrupo 2: la prevalencia de captaciones entre pacientes con estudios MIBI negativos previos fue de 0.90 [0.87, 0.94]. La probabilidad de detección de ambas técnicas en este grupo llega al 0,98 El sesgo de publicación en los metanálisis es bajo. Discusión: Los protocolos con 18-Fluorocolina proporcionan mayor precisión, imágenes más claras, con una adquisición más rápida además de estar fácilmente disponible para la mayoría de los centros PET / CT. Conclusión: El estudio PET/TC con 18-Fluorocolina puede recomendarse como estudio para la localización de las glándulas paratiroides patológicas tras estudios con MIBI negativos.
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Pardal Refoyo, J. L., Tamayo Alonso, P., Ferreira Cendón, S., & Martín Gómez, E. (2022). Captación patológica con 18-Fluorocolina frente a 99mTc-MIBI en la localización de las glándulas paratiroides en el hiperparatiroidismo. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Revista ORL, 15(1), e29465. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.29465

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