Factors of Blockchain Adoption for FinTech Sector: An Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach
Abstract Blockchain Technology (BT) is rapidly becoming one of the most promising emerging economy innovations. Financial Technology (FinTech) has been disrupted by blockchain, and its market size is growing by the day. Payments are closely related to banking, and blockchain has become very famous in the banking industry. This study aims to analyse the factors influencing behavioural intention to adopt blockchain in FinTech. Total 13 factors were extracted from the literature, and later relations among these variables were analysed using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). The study's conceptual model was built and validated by academic experts working in blockchain. Later, MICMAC analysis was performed to study these variables' driving and dependence power. Blockchain has various challenges as well as opportunities but due to its advantages its implementation is recommended for FinTech. As per our results, the implementation of blockchain in FinTech is required as it promotes data privacy and traceability and involves more trust than traditional means.
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Agi, M.A. and Nishant, R., (2017). Understanding influential factors on implementing green supply chain management practices: An interpretive structural modelling analysis. Journal of environmental management, 188, pp.351–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.081
Alketbi, A., Nasir, Q. and Talib, M.A., (2018). Blockchain for government services—Use cases, security benefits and challenges. In 2018 15th Learning and Technology Conference (L&T), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1109/LT.2018.8368494
Atlam, H. F., Alenezi, A., Alassafi, M. O., & Wills, G., (2018). Blockchain with internet of things: Benefits, challenges, and future directions. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, 10(6), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2018.06.05
Bernard Marr. (2018a). Blockchain and the internet of things: 4 important benefits of combining these two mega trends.
Bernard Marr. (2018b). The 5 big problems with blockchain everyone should be aware of.
Biais, B., Bisiere, C., Bouvard, M. and Casamatta, C., (2019). The blockchain folk theorem. The Review of Financial Studies, 32(5), 1662–1715. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy095
Biswas, B., & Gupta, R. (2019). Analysis of barriers to implement blockchain in industry and service sectors. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 136, 225–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.07.005
Casino, F., Dasaklis, T.K. and Patsakis, C., (2019). A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues. Telematics and informatics, 36, 55–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006
Chang, V., Baudier, P., Zhang, H., Xu, Q., Zhang, J., & Arami, M., (2020). How Blockchain can impact financial services–The overview, challenges and recommendations from expert interviewees. Technological forecasting and social change, 158, 120-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120166
Chen, Y., & Bellavitis, C., (2020). Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13, e00151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151
Chong, A.Y.L., Lim, E.T., Hua, X., Zheng, S. and Tan, C.W., (2019). Business on chain: A comparative case study of five blockchain-inspired business models. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 1308-1337. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00568
Clauson, K.A., Breeden, E.A., Davidson, C. and Mackey, T.K., (2018). Leveraging Blockchain Technology to Enhance Supply Chain Management in Healthcare: An exploration of challenges and opportunities in the health supply chain. Blockchain in healthcare today. https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.20
Clohessy, T. and Acton, T., (2019). Investigating the influence of organizational factors on blockchain adoption: An innovation theory perspective. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119(7), 1457–1491. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-08-2018-0365
Cong, L. W., & He, Z., (2019). Blockchain disruption and smart contracts. The Review of Financial Studies, 32(5), 1754–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz007
Crookes, L. and Conway, E., (2018). Technology challenges in accounting and finance. In Contemporary issues in accounting (pp. 61–83). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91113-7_4
Feng, Q., He, D., Zeadally, S., Khan, M.K. and Kumar, N., (2019). A survey on privacy protection in blockchain system. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 126, 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.10.020
Fosso Wamba, S., Kala Kamdjoug, J.R., Epie Bawack, R. and Keogh, J.G., (2020). Bitcoin, Blockchain and Fintech: a systematic review and case studies in the supply chain. Production Planning & Control, 31(2–3), 115–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1631460
Fridgen, G., Radszuwill, S., Urbach, N. and Utz, L., (2018). Cross-organizational workflow management using blockchain technology: towards applicability, auditability, and automation. In 51st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).
Gomber, P., Kauffman, R.J., Parker, C. and Weber, B.W., (2018). On the fintech revolution: Interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. Journal of management information systems, 35(1), 220–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2018.1440766
Guo, Y. and Liang, C., (2016). Blockchain application and outlook in the banking industry. Financial innovation, 2(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-016-0034-9
Haleem, A., Luthra, S., Mannan, B., Khurana, S., Kumar, S. and Ahmad, S., (2016). Critical factors for the successful usage of fly ash in roads & bridges and embankments: Analyzing Indian perspective. Resources Policy, 49, 334–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.07.002
Holotiuk, F., Pisani, F. and Moormann, J., (2019). Radicalness of blockchain: an assessment based on its impact on the payments industry. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 31(8), 915–928. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1574341
Ji, F. and Tia, A., (2021). The effect of blockchain on business intelligence efficiency of banks. Kybernetes, 51(8), 2652-2668. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-10-2020-0668
Jonsson, J.R., (2018). Perceived affordance and socio-technical transition: blockchain for the swedish public sector. KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Industrial Engineering and Management.
Juho Lindman, Virpi Kristiina Tuunainen, & Matti Rossi. (2017). Opportunities and Risks of Blockchain Technologies – A Research Agenda. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).
Kabir, M.R., (2021). Behavioural intention to adopt blockchain for a transparent and effective taxing system. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 14(1), 170–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-08-2020-0050
Kamel Boulos, M.N., Wilson, J.T. and Clauson, K.A., (2018). Geospatial blockchain: promises, challenges, and scenarios in health and healthcare. International Journal of Health Geographics, 17(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-018-0144-x
Lee, D.K.C. and Teo, E.G., (2015). Emergence of FinTech and the LASIC Principles. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2668049
Liu, N. and Ye, Z., (2021). Empirical research on the blockchain adoption–based on TAM. Applied Economics, 53(37), 4263–4275. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1898535
Malin Rosenberg. (2018). Blockchain for the Swedish Fund Market: A comparative study of the blockchain platforms Chain Core and Hyperledger Fabric. Uppsala Universitet.
Marco Iansiti, & Karim R. Lakhani. (2017). The Truth About Blockchain.
Mary C. Lacity, (2018). A Manager's Guide to Blockchains for Business: From Knowing What to Knowing How.
Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., NoorulHaq, A. and Geng, Y., 2013. An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of cleaner production, 47, 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042
Mills, D.C., Wang, K., Malone, B., Ravi, A., Marquardt, J., Badev, A.I., Brezinski, T., Fahy, L., Liao, K., Kargenian, V. and Ellithorpe, M., (2016). Distributed ledger technology in payments, clearing, and settlement. Finance and Economics Discussion Series, 95. https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2016.095
Mishra, L. and Kaushik, V., (2021). Application of blockchain in dealing with sustainability issues and challenges of financial sector. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1940805
Niranjanamurthy, M., Nithya, B.N. and Jagannatha, S.J.C.C., (2019). Analysis of Blockchain technology: pros, cons and SWOT. Cluster Computing, 22(6), 14743–14757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-018-2387-5
Pereira, J., Tavalaei, M.M. and Ozalp, H., (2019). Blockchain-based platforms: Decentralized infrastructures and its boundary conditions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.04.030
Prasad, S., Shankar, R., Gupta, R. and Roy, S., (2018). A TISM modeling of critical success factors of blockchain based cloud services. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 15(4), 434–456. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-03-2018-0027
Rana, N.P., Dwivedi, Y.K. and Hughes, D.L., (2022). Analysis of challenges for blockchain adoption within the Indian public sector: An interpretive structural modelling approach. Information Technology & People, 35(2), 548–576. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2020-0460
Reyna, A., Martín, C., Chen, J., Soler, E. and Díaz, M., (2018). On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities. Future generation computer systems, 88, 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.05.046
Samad, T. A., Sharma, R., Ganguly, K. K., Wamba, S. F., & Jain, G., (2022). Enablers to the adoption of blockchain technology in logistics supply chains: evidence from an emerging economy. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04546-1
Sawant, B.S., (2011). Technological developments in Indian banking sector. Indian Streams Research Journal.
Shardeo, V., Patil, A., & Madaan, J. (2020). Critical Success Factors for Blockchain Technology Adoption in Freight Transportation Using Fuzzy ANP-Modified TISM Approach. International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, 19(6), 1549–1580. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622020500376
Sharma, M., Sehrawat, R., Daim, T., & Shaygan, A., (2021). Technology assessment: Enabling Blockchain in hospitality and tourism sectors. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 169, 120810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120810
Shin, D.D.H., (2019). Blockchain: The emerging technology of digital trust. Telematics and informatics, 45, 101278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101278
Stewart, H. and Jürjens, J., (2017). Information security management and the human aspect in organizations. Information & Computer Security, 25(5), 494–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICS-07-2016-0054
Tang, C. S., & Veelenturf, L. P. (2019). The strategic role of logistics in the industry 4.0 era. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 129, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.06.004
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A., (2017). How Blockchain Will Change Organizations. MIT Sloan Management Review, 58(2), 10–13. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/how-blockchain-will-changeorganizations/ docview/1875399260/se-2?accountid=27544
Till, B. M., Peters, A. W., Afshar, S., & Meara, J. G., (2017). From blockchain technology to global health equity: can cryptocurrencies finance universal health coverage?. BMJ global health, 2(4), e000570. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000570
Toufaily, E., Zalan, T., & Dhaou, S. B., (2021). A framework of blockchain technology adoption: An investigation of challenges and expected value. Information & Management, 58(3), 103444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103444
Truby, J., (2018). Decarbonizing Bitcoin: Law and policy choices for reducing the energy consumption of Blockchain technologies and digital currencies. Energy research & social science, 44, 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.009
Xu, Y., Chong, H. Y., & Chi, M., (2021). Modelling the blockchain adoption barriers in the AEC industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2021-0335
Yadav, A. S., Agrawal, S., & Kushwaha, D. S. (2022). Distributed Ledger Technology-based land transaction system with trusted nodes consensus mechanism. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 34(8), 6414–6424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.02.002
Yadav, A.S. and Kushwaha, D.S., (2021). Blockchain-based digitization of land record through trust value-based consensus algorithm. Peer-to-Peer networking and applications, 14(6), 3540–3558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-021-01207-1
Yadav, A. S., & Kushwaha, D. S. (2022). Digitization of land record through blockchain-based consensus algorithm. IETE Technical Review, 39(4), 799–816. https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2021.1908859
Yadav, A.S., Singh, N. and Kushwaha, D.S., (2022). A scalable trust based consensus mechanism for secure and tamper free property transaction mechanism using DLT. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 13(2), 735–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-021-01335-0
Yadav, A. S., Singh, N., & Kushwaha, D. S. (2022). Sidechain: storage land registry data using blockchain improve performance of search records. Cluster Computing, 25(2), 1475–1495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03535-0
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, X., & Wang, H., (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWGS.2018.095647
Alketbi, A., Nasir, Q. and Talib, M.A., (2018). Blockchain for government services—Use cases, security benefits and challenges. In 2018 15th Learning and Technology Conference (L&T), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1109/LT.2018.8368494
Atlam, H. F., Alenezi, A., Alassafi, M. O., & Wills, G., (2018). Blockchain with internet of things: Benefits, challenges, and future directions. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, 10(6), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2018.06.05
Bernard Marr. (2018a). Blockchain and the internet of things: 4 important benefits of combining these two mega trends.
Bernard Marr. (2018b). The 5 big problems with blockchain everyone should be aware of.
Biais, B., Bisiere, C., Bouvard, M. and Casamatta, C., (2019). The blockchain folk theorem. The Review of Financial Studies, 32(5), 1662–1715. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy095
Biswas, B., & Gupta, R. (2019). Analysis of barriers to implement blockchain in industry and service sectors. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 136, 225–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.07.005
Casino, F., Dasaklis, T.K. and Patsakis, C., (2019). A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues. Telematics and informatics, 36, 55–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006
Chang, V., Baudier, P., Zhang, H., Xu, Q., Zhang, J., & Arami, M., (2020). How Blockchain can impact financial services–The overview, challenges and recommendations from expert interviewees. Technological forecasting and social change, 158, 120-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120166
Chen, Y., & Bellavitis, C., (2020). Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13, e00151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151
Chong, A.Y.L., Lim, E.T., Hua, X., Zheng, S. and Tan, C.W., (2019). Business on chain: A comparative case study of five blockchain-inspired business models. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 1308-1337. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00568
Clauson, K.A., Breeden, E.A., Davidson, C. and Mackey, T.K., (2018). Leveraging Blockchain Technology to Enhance Supply Chain Management in Healthcare: An exploration of challenges and opportunities in the health supply chain. Blockchain in healthcare today. https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.20
Clohessy, T. and Acton, T., (2019). Investigating the influence of organizational factors on blockchain adoption: An innovation theory perspective. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119(7), 1457–1491. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-08-2018-0365
Cong, L. W., & He, Z., (2019). Blockchain disruption and smart contracts. The Review of Financial Studies, 32(5), 1754–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz007
Crookes, L. and Conway, E., (2018). Technology challenges in accounting and finance. In Contemporary issues in accounting (pp. 61–83). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91113-7_4
Feng, Q., He, D., Zeadally, S., Khan, M.K. and Kumar, N., (2019). A survey on privacy protection in blockchain system. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 126, 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.10.020
Fosso Wamba, S., Kala Kamdjoug, J.R., Epie Bawack, R. and Keogh, J.G., (2020). Bitcoin, Blockchain and Fintech: a systematic review and case studies in the supply chain. Production Planning & Control, 31(2–3), 115–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1631460
Fridgen, G., Radszuwill, S., Urbach, N. and Utz, L., (2018). Cross-organizational workflow management using blockchain technology: towards applicability, auditability, and automation. In 51st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).
Gomber, P., Kauffman, R.J., Parker, C. and Weber, B.W., (2018). On the fintech revolution: Interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. Journal of management information systems, 35(1), 220–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2018.1440766
Guo, Y. and Liang, C., (2016). Blockchain application and outlook in the banking industry. Financial innovation, 2(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-016-0034-9
Haleem, A., Luthra, S., Mannan, B., Khurana, S., Kumar, S. and Ahmad, S., (2016). Critical factors for the successful usage of fly ash in roads & bridges and embankments: Analyzing Indian perspective. Resources Policy, 49, 334–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.07.002
Holotiuk, F., Pisani, F. and Moormann, J., (2019). Radicalness of blockchain: an assessment based on its impact on the payments industry. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 31(8), 915–928. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1574341
Ji, F. and Tia, A., (2021). The effect of blockchain on business intelligence efficiency of banks. Kybernetes, 51(8), 2652-2668. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-10-2020-0668
Jonsson, J.R., (2018). Perceived affordance and socio-technical transition: blockchain for the swedish public sector. KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Industrial Engineering and Management.
Juho Lindman, Virpi Kristiina Tuunainen, & Matti Rossi. (2017). Opportunities and Risks of Blockchain Technologies – A Research Agenda. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).
Kabir, M.R., (2021). Behavioural intention to adopt blockchain for a transparent and effective taxing system. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 14(1), 170–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-08-2020-0050
Kamel Boulos, M.N., Wilson, J.T. and Clauson, K.A., (2018). Geospatial blockchain: promises, challenges, and scenarios in health and healthcare. International Journal of Health Geographics, 17(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-018-0144-x
Lee, D.K.C. and Teo, E.G., (2015). Emergence of FinTech and the LASIC Principles. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2668049
Liu, N. and Ye, Z., (2021). Empirical research on the blockchain adoption–based on TAM. Applied Economics, 53(37), 4263–4275. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1898535
Malin Rosenberg. (2018). Blockchain for the Swedish Fund Market: A comparative study of the blockchain platforms Chain Core and Hyperledger Fabric. Uppsala Universitet.
Marco Iansiti, & Karim R. Lakhani. (2017). The Truth About Blockchain.
Mary C. Lacity, (2018). A Manager's Guide to Blockchains for Business: From Knowing What to Knowing How.
Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., NoorulHaq, A. and Geng, Y., 2013. An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management. Journal of cleaner production, 47, 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.042
Mills, D.C., Wang, K., Malone, B., Ravi, A., Marquardt, J., Badev, A.I., Brezinski, T., Fahy, L., Liao, K., Kargenian, V. and Ellithorpe, M., (2016). Distributed ledger technology in payments, clearing, and settlement. Finance and Economics Discussion Series, 95. https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2016.095
Mishra, L. and Kaushik, V., (2021). Application of blockchain in dealing with sustainability issues and challenges of financial sector. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1940805
Niranjanamurthy, M., Nithya, B.N. and Jagannatha, S.J.C.C., (2019). Analysis of Blockchain technology: pros, cons and SWOT. Cluster Computing, 22(6), 14743–14757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-018-2387-5
Pereira, J., Tavalaei, M.M. and Ozalp, H., (2019). Blockchain-based platforms: Decentralized infrastructures and its boundary conditions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.04.030
Prasad, S., Shankar, R., Gupta, R. and Roy, S., (2018). A TISM modeling of critical success factors of blockchain based cloud services. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 15(4), 434–456. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-03-2018-0027
Rana, N.P., Dwivedi, Y.K. and Hughes, D.L., (2022). Analysis of challenges for blockchain adoption within the Indian public sector: An interpretive structural modelling approach. Information Technology & People, 35(2), 548–576. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2020-0460
Reyna, A., Martín, C., Chen, J., Soler, E. and Díaz, M., (2018). On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities. Future generation computer systems, 88, 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.05.046
Samad, T. A., Sharma, R., Ganguly, K. K., Wamba, S. F., & Jain, G., (2022). Enablers to the adoption of blockchain technology in logistics supply chains: evidence from an emerging economy. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04546-1
Sawant, B.S., (2011). Technological developments in Indian banking sector. Indian Streams Research Journal.
Shardeo, V., Patil, A., & Madaan, J. (2020). Critical Success Factors for Blockchain Technology Adoption in Freight Transportation Using Fuzzy ANP-Modified TISM Approach. International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, 19(6), 1549–1580. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622020500376
Sharma, M., Sehrawat, R., Daim, T., & Shaygan, A., (2021). Technology assessment: Enabling Blockchain in hospitality and tourism sectors. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 169, 120810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120810
Shin, D.D.H., (2019). Blockchain: The emerging technology of digital trust. Telematics and informatics, 45, 101278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101278
Stewart, H. and Jürjens, J., (2017). Information security management and the human aspect in organizations. Information & Computer Security, 25(5), 494–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICS-07-2016-0054
Tang, C. S., & Veelenturf, L. P. (2019). The strategic role of logistics in the industry 4.0 era. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 129, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.06.004
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A., (2017). How Blockchain Will Change Organizations. MIT Sloan Management Review, 58(2), 10–13. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/how-blockchain-will-changeorganizations/ docview/1875399260/se-2?accountid=27544
Till, B. M., Peters, A. W., Afshar, S., & Meara, J. G., (2017). From blockchain technology to global health equity: can cryptocurrencies finance universal health coverage?. BMJ global health, 2(4), e000570. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000570
Toufaily, E., Zalan, T., & Dhaou, S. B., (2021). A framework of blockchain technology adoption: An investigation of challenges and expected value. Information & Management, 58(3), 103444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103444
Truby, J., (2018). Decarbonizing Bitcoin: Law and policy choices for reducing the energy consumption of Blockchain technologies and digital currencies. Energy research & social science, 44, 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.009
Xu, Y., Chong, H. Y., & Chi, M., (2021). Modelling the blockchain adoption barriers in the AEC industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2021-0335
Yadav, A. S., Agrawal, S., & Kushwaha, D. S. (2022). Distributed Ledger Technology-based land transaction system with trusted nodes consensus mechanism. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 34(8), 6414–6424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.02.002
Yadav, A.S. and Kushwaha, D.S., (2021). Blockchain-based digitization of land record through trust value-based consensus algorithm. Peer-to-Peer networking and applications, 14(6), 3540–3558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-021-01207-1
Yadav, A. S., & Kushwaha, D. S. (2022). Digitization of land record through blockchain-based consensus algorithm. IETE Technical Review, 39(4), 799–816. https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2021.1908859
Yadav, A.S., Singh, N. and Kushwaha, D.S., (2022). A scalable trust based consensus mechanism for secure and tamper free property transaction mechanism using DLT. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 13(2), 735–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-021-01335-0
Yadav, A. S., Singh, N., & Kushwaha, D. S. (2022). Sidechain: storage land registry data using blockchain improve performance of search records. Cluster Computing, 25(2), 1475–1495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03535-0
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, X., & Wang, H., (2018). Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWGS.2018.095647
Gupta, S., & Prasad Sahu, G. (2023). Factors of Blockchain Adoption for FinTech Sector: An Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach. ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal, 11(4), 451–474. https://doi.org/10.14201/adcaij.28395
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