The Fangirls of One Direction in the Digital Age
Abstract In recent years, digital technology has caused a radical transformation in the music industry. This article analyzes how social media has influenced the production and consumption of music through a specific case: the fangirls of the boyband One Direction. This analysis adopts a gender perspective and highlights the power of the digital era as a communicative framework for a fan community through the trending topic #ThisIsNotUs. The study provides updated data on the musical influence in personal spheres and the close relationship between idol and fan through a questionnaire designed for this research, which involved 540 participants. Their responses have been crucial in understanding the value of the boyband's music in their personal lives, as well as comprehending the emotional and musical significance of their idols over the years.
- Referencias
- Cómo citar
- Del mismo autor
- Métricas
Bermejo, E. M. (2021). Impacto de la red social TikTok: Influencia como medio de comunicación desde el confinamiento por Covid-19. [Trabajo Fin de Grado, Universidad de Sevilla]. https://bit.ly/3W743xG
Bernard, J. (1961). Foreword. In The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 338, ii-iii. https://bit.ly/3xHSzYa
Braggs, T. (2023). The impact of the 90’s-2000’s Boy Bands. Advanced Writing: Pop Culture Intersections, 39. https://bit.ly/4eR0XFI
Busquet, J. (2012). El fenómeno de los fans e ídolos mediáticos: Evolución conceptual y génesis histórica. Revista de Estudios de Juventud, 96, 13-31.
Carreras, R. (2017). El mercado de la música en digital: No se trata de transformación digital, sino de transformación cultural. Anuario AC/E de Cultura Digital, 28-44.
Collins, R. (2004). Interaction ritual chains. Princeton University Press.
Díaz, S. (18 de agosto de 2013). La histeria fan toma Twitter. La Razón. https://bit.ly/4crn7N2
Duffett, M. (2013). Understanding fandom: an introduction to the study of media fan culture. Bloomsbury Academic.
Dyer, R. (2001). Las estrellas cinematográficas: Historia, ideología, estética. Paidós.
Ewens, H. (2020). Fangirls: Scenes from modern music culture. Quadrille Publishing.
Frith, S. (1996). Music and identity. In S. Hall & P. Du Gay (Eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 108-127). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221907
Frith, S. (2007). Towards an aesthetic of popular music. In S. Frith (Ed.), Taking Popular Music Seriously, (pp. 257-273). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315087467
Frith, S., & McRobbie, A. (1991). Rock and sexuality. In S. Frith & A. Goodwin (Eds.), On Record: Rock, Pop and the Written Word (pp. 371-389). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203993026
Gerrard, Y. (2021). Groupies, fangirls and shippers: The endurance of a gender stereotype. American Behavioral Scientist, 66(8), 1044-1059. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211042284
Gielens, K. (2019). Branding in the era of digital (dis)intermediation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 36(3), 367-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2019.01.005
Grossberg, L. (1992). Is there a fan in the house?: The affective sensibility of fandom. In L. A. Lewis (Ed.), The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media (pp. 50-68). Routledge.
Gómez, H. (2011). Fans, jóvenes y audiencias en tiempos de la cultura de convergencia de medios. A dos décadas de Textual Poachers, de Henry Jenkins. Razón y Palabra, 75. https://bit.ly/4cJxkE5
González, D. (9 de marzo de 2022). El poder de las voces de las mujeres en redes sociales. LinkedIn. https://bit.ly/3L6Mtng
Gooley, D. (2004). The Virtuoso Liszt. Cambridge University Press.
HL Daily [@UpdateHLD]. (7 de noviembre de 2022). They understand what Twitter looks like, they understand what the fans want, and they’re living it! [Tweet]. Twitter. https://bit.ly/4bKXHJf
Izundu, C. C. (2013). Director defends Channel 4 One Direction documentary. BBC News. https://bit.ly/3xJlGuc
Jenkins, H. (2006). Introduction: «Worship at the altar of convergence»: A new paradigm for understanding media change. In Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide (pp. 1-24). New York University Press. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814743683.003.0004
Jones, B. (2016). I will throw you off your ship and you will drown and die: Death threats, intra-fandom hate, and the performance of fangirling. In L. Bennett & P. Booth (Eds.), Seeing fans: Representations of fandom in media and popular culture (pp. 53-66). Bloomsbury Academic.
Klompus, J. (16 de agosto de 2013). One Direction fans react angrily to Channel 4 documentary: «This is not us». Digital Spy. https://bit.ly/3Lckxi2
Krause, A. E., North, A. C., & Heritage, B. (2018). Music-related activities on Facebook. Psychology of Music, 48(4), 564-578. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618816165
Lacasa, P., Méndez, L., & De la Fuente, J. (2016). Fandom, music and personal relationships through media: How teenagers use social networks. IASPM Journal, 6(1), 44-67.
Locas por One Direction. (24 de mayo de 2013). Telemadrid. https://bit.ly/3L8faQT
Lovelock, M. (2017). You & I: One Direction, Fans and the Co-Construction of Identity [Tesis de posgrado, Universidad de Otago). https://bit.ly/4bvxD4t
Lozano, D. (12 de junio de 2015). Evolución del fenómeno «fan»: de Liszt a One Direction. Noitábrega. https://bit.ly/3L8glQj
Martin, C. (2005). Jean-Claude Kaufmann, L’invention de Soi. Une Théorie de l’identité. Questions de Communication, 7, 478-480. https://doi.org/10.4000/sdt.30004
One Direction colapsa las redes con la celebración de su décimo aniversario. (24 de julio de 2020). La Vanguardia, https://bit.ly/3Wbg45v
Pérez, C. M. (2019). Estos son los 10 tweets con más RT de la historia. Vandal Random. https://bit.ly/4cwCZxJ
Pérez-Colman, C. M. (2015). Una sociología del cuerpo del rock [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid]. https://bit.ly/3XNAO4p
Pipia, A. (20 de julio de 2020). Flashback: Fans Surprise One Direction during 2014 Milan Show. Rolling Stone. https://bit.ly/3RQaXVC
Proctor, W. (2016). A new breed of fan?: Regimes of truth, One Direction fans, and representations of enfreakment. In L. Bennett & P. Booth (Eds.), Seeing Fans: Representations of Fandom in Media and Popular Culture (pp. 67-78). Bloomsbury Academic.
Ramírez, N. (15 de diciembre de 2022). ¿Quién mató a la «groupie»?: cómo las fans enterraron el mito sexista y conquistaron internet. El País. https://bit.ly/45SDTST
Robertson, J. (16 de agosto de 2013). Liam Payne defends fans over Crazy about One Direction documentary: «We couldn’t give a f***». Mirror. https://bit.ly/4coOoQb
Salazar-Rodríguez, M. (2015). Las llamaban histéricas: movimiento fan desde una perspectiva de género. Revista Tempora, 18, 75-92.
Santero, N. K. (2016). «Nobody can #DragMeDown»: An analysis of the One Direction fandom’s ability to influence and dominate worldwide Twitter trends. [Tesis, Universidad de Nevada]. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/9112174
Seguí, M. (2015). El impacto del cambio de paradigma en el modelo de negocio de la música pop. Culturas. Revista de Gestión Cultural, 2(1), 1-20.
Thompson, J. B. (1998). The media and modernity: A social theory of the media. Stanford University Press.
Tiffany, K. (2022). Everything I need I get from you: How fangirls created the internet as we know it. MCD x FSG Originals.
Turpo, O. (2008). La netnografía: un método de investigación en Internet. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 47(2), 1-10. https://bit.ly/3ClVU10
VanCant, B. (2014). Whovians and Directioners: Challenging the fangirl identity. [Tesis final, Columbia College Chicago]. https://bit.ly/4eSgjcL
Vena, J. (25 de noviembre de 2013). One Direction’s «Midnight Memories»: Go inside their late-night recording sessions. MTV News. https://archive.ph/T0xhY
Vila, P. (1996). Identidades narrativas y música. Una primera propuesta para entender sus relaciones. TRANS, 2(14). https://bit.ly/4eOYhrN
Fuentes audiovisuales
Asquith, D. (Directora). (2013). Crazy About One Direction. [Documental]. Channel 4. Disponible en TheSamster. (2020, 24 de enero). Crazy About One Direction [Vídeo]. YouTube. https://bit.ly/3zROMbs
Dugdale, P. (2014). One Direction: Where We Are – The Concert Film. [Película]. Modest! Entertainment.
Bernard, J. (1961). Foreword. In The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 338, ii-iii. https://bit.ly/3xHSzYa
Braggs, T. (2023). The impact of the 90’s-2000’s Boy Bands. Advanced Writing: Pop Culture Intersections, 39. https://bit.ly/4eR0XFI
Busquet, J. (2012). El fenómeno de los fans e ídolos mediáticos: Evolución conceptual y génesis histórica. Revista de Estudios de Juventud, 96, 13-31.
Carreras, R. (2017). El mercado de la música en digital: No se trata de transformación digital, sino de transformación cultural. Anuario AC/E de Cultura Digital, 28-44.
Collins, R. (2004). Interaction ritual chains. Princeton University Press.
Díaz, S. (18 de agosto de 2013). La histeria fan toma Twitter. La Razón. https://bit.ly/4crn7N2
Duffett, M. (2013). Understanding fandom: an introduction to the study of media fan culture. Bloomsbury Academic.
Dyer, R. (2001). Las estrellas cinematográficas: Historia, ideología, estética. Paidós.
Ewens, H. (2020). Fangirls: Scenes from modern music culture. Quadrille Publishing.
Frith, S. (1996). Music and identity. In S. Hall & P. Du Gay (Eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 108-127). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221907
Frith, S. (2007). Towards an aesthetic of popular music. In S. Frith (Ed.), Taking Popular Music Seriously, (pp. 257-273). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315087467
Frith, S., & McRobbie, A. (1991). Rock and sexuality. In S. Frith & A. Goodwin (Eds.), On Record: Rock, Pop and the Written Word (pp. 371-389). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203993026
Gerrard, Y. (2021). Groupies, fangirls and shippers: The endurance of a gender stereotype. American Behavioral Scientist, 66(8), 1044-1059. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211042284
Gielens, K. (2019). Branding in the era of digital (dis)intermediation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 36(3), 367-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2019.01.005
Grossberg, L. (1992). Is there a fan in the house?: The affective sensibility of fandom. In L. A. Lewis (Ed.), The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media (pp. 50-68). Routledge.
Gómez, H. (2011). Fans, jóvenes y audiencias en tiempos de la cultura de convergencia de medios. A dos décadas de Textual Poachers, de Henry Jenkins. Razón y Palabra, 75. https://bit.ly/4cJxkE5
González, D. (9 de marzo de 2022). El poder de las voces de las mujeres en redes sociales. LinkedIn. https://bit.ly/3L6Mtng
Gooley, D. (2004). The Virtuoso Liszt. Cambridge University Press.
HL Daily [@UpdateHLD]. (7 de noviembre de 2022). They understand what Twitter looks like, they understand what the fans want, and they’re living it! [Tweet]. Twitter. https://bit.ly/4bKXHJf
Izundu, C. C. (2013). Director defends Channel 4 One Direction documentary. BBC News. https://bit.ly/3xJlGuc
Jenkins, H. (2006). Introduction: «Worship at the altar of convergence»: A new paradigm for understanding media change. In Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide (pp. 1-24). New York University Press. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814743683.003.0004
Jones, B. (2016). I will throw you off your ship and you will drown and die: Death threats, intra-fandom hate, and the performance of fangirling. In L. Bennett & P. Booth (Eds.), Seeing fans: Representations of fandom in media and popular culture (pp. 53-66). Bloomsbury Academic.
Klompus, J. (16 de agosto de 2013). One Direction fans react angrily to Channel 4 documentary: «This is not us». Digital Spy. https://bit.ly/3Lckxi2
Krause, A. E., North, A. C., & Heritage, B. (2018). Music-related activities on Facebook. Psychology of Music, 48(4), 564-578. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618816165
Lacasa, P., Méndez, L., & De la Fuente, J. (2016). Fandom, music and personal relationships through media: How teenagers use social networks. IASPM Journal, 6(1), 44-67.
Locas por One Direction. (24 de mayo de 2013). Telemadrid. https://bit.ly/3L8faQT
Lovelock, M. (2017). You & I: One Direction, Fans and the Co-Construction of Identity [Tesis de posgrado, Universidad de Otago). https://bit.ly/4bvxD4t
Lozano, D. (12 de junio de 2015). Evolución del fenómeno «fan»: de Liszt a One Direction. Noitábrega. https://bit.ly/3L8glQj
Martin, C. (2005). Jean-Claude Kaufmann, L’invention de Soi. Une Théorie de l’identité. Questions de Communication, 7, 478-480. https://doi.org/10.4000/sdt.30004
One Direction colapsa las redes con la celebración de su décimo aniversario. (24 de julio de 2020). La Vanguardia, https://bit.ly/3Wbg45v
Pérez, C. M. (2019). Estos son los 10 tweets con más RT de la historia. Vandal Random. https://bit.ly/4cwCZxJ
Pérez-Colman, C. M. (2015). Una sociología del cuerpo del rock [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid]. https://bit.ly/3XNAO4p
Pipia, A. (20 de julio de 2020). Flashback: Fans Surprise One Direction during 2014 Milan Show. Rolling Stone. https://bit.ly/3RQaXVC
Proctor, W. (2016). A new breed of fan?: Regimes of truth, One Direction fans, and representations of enfreakment. In L. Bennett & P. Booth (Eds.), Seeing Fans: Representations of Fandom in Media and Popular Culture (pp. 67-78). Bloomsbury Academic.
Ramírez, N. (15 de diciembre de 2022). ¿Quién mató a la «groupie»?: cómo las fans enterraron el mito sexista y conquistaron internet. El País. https://bit.ly/45SDTST
Robertson, J. (16 de agosto de 2013). Liam Payne defends fans over Crazy about One Direction documentary: «We couldn’t give a f***». Mirror. https://bit.ly/4coOoQb
Salazar-Rodríguez, M. (2015). Las llamaban histéricas: movimiento fan desde una perspectiva de género. Revista Tempora, 18, 75-92.
Santero, N. K. (2016). «Nobody can #DragMeDown»: An analysis of the One Direction fandom’s ability to influence and dominate worldwide Twitter trends. [Tesis, Universidad de Nevada]. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/9112174
Seguí, M. (2015). El impacto del cambio de paradigma en el modelo de negocio de la música pop. Culturas. Revista de Gestión Cultural, 2(1), 1-20.
Thompson, J. B. (1998). The media and modernity: A social theory of the media. Stanford University Press.
Tiffany, K. (2022). Everything I need I get from you: How fangirls created the internet as we know it. MCD x FSG Originals.
Turpo, O. (2008). La netnografía: un método de investigación en Internet. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 47(2), 1-10. https://bit.ly/3ClVU10
VanCant, B. (2014). Whovians and Directioners: Challenging the fangirl identity. [Tesis final, Columbia College Chicago]. https://bit.ly/4eSgjcL
Vena, J. (25 de noviembre de 2013). One Direction’s «Midnight Memories»: Go inside their late-night recording sessions. MTV News. https://archive.ph/T0xhY
Vila, P. (1996). Identidades narrativas y música. Una primera propuesta para entender sus relaciones. TRANS, 2(14). https://bit.ly/4eOYhrN
Fuentes audiovisuales
Asquith, D. (Directora). (2013). Crazy About One Direction. [Documental]. Channel 4. Disponible en TheSamster. (2020, 24 de enero). Crazy About One Direction [Vídeo]. YouTube. https://bit.ly/3zROMbs
Dugdale, P. (2014). One Direction: Where We Are – The Concert Film. [Película]. Modest! Entertainment.
Arias Gálvez, O. (2024). The Fangirls of One Direction in the Digital Age. Popular Music Research Today: Revista Online De Divulgación Musicológica, 6, 127–148. https://doi.org/10.14201/pmrt.31823
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Publication Facts
Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers
2
2.4
Reviewer profiles N/A
Author statements
Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability
N/A
16%
External funding
N/A
32%
Competing interests
N/A
11%
Metric
This journal
Other journals
Articles accepted
98%
33%
Days to publication
119
145
Indexed in
-
—
- Editor & editorial board
- profiles
- Academic society
- N/A
- Publisher
- Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
To learn about these publication facts, click 
PF is maintained by the Public Knowledge Project
+
−