The Peasant Mode of Production and Systems of Exchange in England and Northern Francia: c. 500 to c. 700
Resumen
Este artículo examina el modelo del modo de producción campesino desarrollado en FEMA de Chris Wickham, centrándose en Inglaterra y el norte de Francia. Según Wickham, estas dos regiones constituyen ejemplos de las dos formas diferentes en que el modelo ideal del modo campesino podía funcionar durante el periodo altomedieval. En Inglaterra vemos la forma «tribal», en la que las comunidades rurales eran económicamente autónomas, mientras que en Francia —donde las élites eran mucho más poderosas— Wickham identificó islas de autonomía campesina, rodeadas de zonas de fuerte poder aristocrático. Tras evaluar el análisis de Wickham sobre estos dos territorios, este artículo analiza los sistemas de intercambio y la participación de las comunidades locales en dichos sistemas, antes de considerar algunos de los avances recientes en la investigación tanto histórica como arqueológica sobre los campesinos, las perspectivas «desde abajo», las redes de intercambio, y las comunidades rurales. Además, se reevalúan algunos de los elementos clave del modelo de economías campesinas de Wickham: la redistribución, la reciprocidad, la centralidad de la donación, el rango social y la impermanencia de las jerarquías fuertes.
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