Resistencias. La oposición interior del nacionalismo vasco a la dictadura de Franco (1937-1959)

Abstract

This article has the aim to analyze the ways in which the Basque Nationalismhad used in order to resist the Franco´s Dictatorship inside the Basque Country during the period from 1937 (year of the defeat of the Basque Nationalism against the Franco´s troops) to 1959 (year of the birth of the activist and nationalist group ETA). To make this analysis I will adopt the typologization of resistances to the power proposed by the political scientist and anthropologist James C. Scott in his classic work, Domination and the Arts of Resistance. To put it in other words, I am going to consider two different ways to face and oppose to the power: the public or activist resistance (acts of sabotage, preparation of guerrilla or propaganda) and the secret discourse which was created in places such as coral-folkloric groups, parish churches or within groups of friends. Thanks to the documents that I have been consulted in specialized archives –above all, correspondence and material collected from different political associations (particularly, youth nationalists collectives)– I discovered how important the activist resistance was. Furthermore, I see the historical sequence between this kind of resistance and the origins of the nationalist group, Ekin, later known as ETA (Basque Country and Freedom).