Defensa de los Derechos Humanos frente a las dictaduras regresivas: los casos de Argentina y Uruguay en perspectiva comparada

Abstract

The article presents a tentative comparison between the social movements in defense of fundamental human rights, against the dictatorships of Uruguay (1973-1985) and Argentina (1976-1983). Variations among both movements are systematically identified. The temporalities, the problems relative to his endogenous or exogenous origins as the differentiations that they registered during both dictatorships and in the transitions to the constitutional governments are analyzed. The text relativizes the conception of the Uruguayan movement like later and weaker than the Argentinean, and suggests some provisional explanations of the differences. The main points of comparison are: a) The political inscription of the social actors and the mode in which were organized the majority of the syndical and political groups, b) The rate of violence applied by both dictatorships, c) The different types of activism in defense of fundamental human rights, d) The modalities of the transition, e) The ways of government (governmentality), and f) The scale and geographical and demographic characteristics.