On behalf of the peasantry
the International Agrarian Office or Green International in Interwar Europe (1921-1938)
Abstract Agrarian parties reached their golden age in the Interwar years, namely in Scandinavia and Central and Eastern Europe, although historiography does not entirely reflect their important role in the politicization of peasantry and the political developments after the Versailles Treaty. Their strongest expression was a coordinating office with its headquarters in Prague, the so-called Green International, aimed at coordinating the programme and practice of agrarian parties. Based on primary and secondary bibliography, as well as archival sources and press, an overview will be presented of its history, which will be discussed within the context of the processes of policitization in the countryside in the first half of the xxth century.
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Andreyev, Catherine y Savický, Ivan (2004): Russia abroad: Prague and the Russian diaspora, 1918-1938. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Avakumovic, Ivan (1979): «The Serb Peasant Party, 1919-1945», en Ivan Volgyes (ed.): The Peasantry of Eastern Europe. N. York: Pergamon Press, pp. 57-78.
Bell, John D. (1977): Peasants in power: Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, 1899-1923. Princeton UP.
Bideleux, Robert (2020): «The peasantries and peasant parties of Interwar East Central Europe», en Sabrina P. Ramet (ed.): Interwar East Central Europe, 1918-1941. The Failure of Democracy-building. The Fate of Minorities. Londres: Routledge, pp. 281-331.
Biondich, Mark (2000): Stjepan Radic, the Croat Peasant Party, and the Politics of Mass Mobilization, 1904-1928. University of Toronto Press.
Borrás, S.M., Edelman, M. y Kay, C. (2008): «Transnational Agrarian Movements: Origins and Politics, Campaigns and Impacts», Journal of Agrarian Change, 8, pp.169-204.
Boudon, Jacques-Olivier. y Dard, Olivier (2017): Histoire des internationales. Europe, xixe-xxe. París: Nouveau Monde éditions.
Broué, Pierre (1997): Histoire de l’Internationale Communiste, 1919-1943. París: Fayard.
Bruisch, Katja (2014): Als das Dorf noch Zukunft war. Agrarismus und Expertise zwischen Zarenreich und Sowjetunion. Colonia: Böhlau Verlag.
Cabo, Miguel (2018): «Los partidos agrarios en Europa hasta 1945», en José Miguel Lana y David Soto (eds.): Del pasado al futuro como problema. la historia agraria española en el siglo xxi. Zaragoza: Universidad Pública de Navarra/seha-puz, pp. 235-256.
Cabo, Miguel (2018b): «El trébol de cuatro hojas. La International Peasant Union y su actuación durante la Guerra fría», Historia y Política, 40, pp. 299-329.
Cabo, Miguel (2021): «Farming The Nation: Agrarian Parties and the National Question in Interwar Europe», Studies on National Movements (snm), 8/1, pp. 1-25.
Cobo Romero, F. (2012): ¿Fascismo o democracia?: campesinado y política en la crisis del liberalismo europeo, 1870-1939. Granada: Universidad de Granada.
Conseil Paysan International (s/d). 1re Conférence Internationale Paysanne. París: Bibliothéque paysanne.
Daskalov, Roumen (2014): «Agrarian Ideologies and Peasant Movements in the Balkans», en Roumen Daskalov y Diana Mishkova (eds.): Entangled Histories of the Balkans. Leiden: Brill, vol.II, pp. 281-354.
de Waele, Jean Michel y Seiler, Daniel-Louis (eds., 2009): Les partis agrariens et paysans en Europe, Éditions de l’Universite de Bruxelles.
Dostál, Vladimír (1998): Agrární strana: její rozmach a zánik. Brno: Atlantis.
Duverger, Maurice (1994): Los partidos políticos. México: fce.
Gil Cuadrado, Luis Teófilo (2006): El Partido Agrario Español (1934-1936): una alternativa conservadora y republicana, tesis doctoral, ucm.
Gollwitzer, Heinz (ed., 1977): Europäische Bauernparteien im 20. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Fischer.
Haushofer, Heinz (1977): «Die internationale Organisation der Bauernparteien», en Heinz Gollwitzer (ed.): Europäische Bauernparteien im 20. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Fischer, pp. 668-690.
Hodža, Milan (1931): Cesty Stredo-Evropskej agrárnej demokracie 1921-1931. Praga.
Hodža, Milan (1942): Federation in Central Europe. Reflections and Reminiscences. Londres, Jarrolds.
Indraszczyk, Arkadiusz (2008): Zielona Miedzynarodowka. Varsovia: Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego.
Jackson, George D. (1966): Comintern and Peasant in East Europe, 1919-1930. N. York: Columbia UP.
Lipset, Seymour M. y Rokkan, Sten. (eds., 1967): Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. N. York: The Free Press.
Miller, Daniel E. (1999): Forging Political Compromise: Antonín Švehla and the Czechoslovak Republican Party, 1918-1933. Pittsburg UP.
Müller, Dietmar. (2020): Bodeneigentum und Nation. Rumänien, Jugolawien und Polen im europäischen Vergleich 1918-1948. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag.
Pan-Montojo, Juan y Mignemi, Niccolò (2017): «International organizations and agriculture, 1905-1945», Agricultural History Review, 65/2, pp. 237-253
Raeff, Marc (1990): Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration, 1919-1939. Oxford University Press.
Scurtu, Ioan (1981): «Relationships of the Peasants’ Party of Romania with the Agrarian Parties of Central and South-East Europe», Revue Des Études Sud-est Européennes, 19/1, pp. 31-39.
Sobieraj, Silke (2002): Die nationale Politik des Bundes der Landwirte in der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Verständigung zwischen Tschechen und Deutschen (1918-1929). Berna: Peter Lang.
Soumar, Bohuslav (ed., 1956): Red Peasant International. A minor item in the forgotten byways of recent history. N. York: International Peasant Union.
Toshkov, Alex (2019): Agrarianism as Modernity in 20th-Century Europe. The Golden Age of the Peasantry. Londres: Bloomsbury.
Urwin, D. W. (1980): From Ploughshare to Ballotbox. The Politics of Agrarian Defence in Europe, Oslo, Universitetsforlaget.
Valota Cavallotti, Bianca (1987): «L’Internazionale verde tra pace e guerra», Publications de l’École Française de Rome, 95, pp. 285-299.
Van Meurs, Wim (2018): «The Red Peasant International», en Liesbeth Van de Grift y Amalia R. Forclaz (eds.): Governing the Rural in Interwar Europe. Londres: Routledge, pp. 259-278.
Avakumovic, Ivan (1979): «The Serb Peasant Party, 1919-1945», en Ivan Volgyes (ed.): The Peasantry of Eastern Europe. N. York: Pergamon Press, pp. 57-78.
Bell, John D. (1977): Peasants in power: Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, 1899-1923. Princeton UP.
Bideleux, Robert (2020): «The peasantries and peasant parties of Interwar East Central Europe», en Sabrina P. Ramet (ed.): Interwar East Central Europe, 1918-1941. The Failure of Democracy-building. The Fate of Minorities. Londres: Routledge, pp. 281-331.
Biondich, Mark (2000): Stjepan Radic, the Croat Peasant Party, and the Politics of Mass Mobilization, 1904-1928. University of Toronto Press.
Borrás, S.M., Edelman, M. y Kay, C. (2008): «Transnational Agrarian Movements: Origins and Politics, Campaigns and Impacts», Journal of Agrarian Change, 8, pp.169-204.
Boudon, Jacques-Olivier. y Dard, Olivier (2017): Histoire des internationales. Europe, xixe-xxe. París: Nouveau Monde éditions.
Broué, Pierre (1997): Histoire de l’Internationale Communiste, 1919-1943. París: Fayard.
Bruisch, Katja (2014): Als das Dorf noch Zukunft war. Agrarismus und Expertise zwischen Zarenreich und Sowjetunion. Colonia: Böhlau Verlag.
Cabo, Miguel (2018): «Los partidos agrarios en Europa hasta 1945», en José Miguel Lana y David Soto (eds.): Del pasado al futuro como problema. la historia agraria española en el siglo xxi. Zaragoza: Universidad Pública de Navarra/seha-puz, pp. 235-256.
Cabo, Miguel (2018b): «El trébol de cuatro hojas. La International Peasant Union y su actuación durante la Guerra fría», Historia y Política, 40, pp. 299-329.
Cabo, Miguel (2021): «Farming The Nation: Agrarian Parties and the National Question in Interwar Europe», Studies on National Movements (snm), 8/1, pp. 1-25.
Cobo Romero, F. (2012): ¿Fascismo o democracia?: campesinado y política en la crisis del liberalismo europeo, 1870-1939. Granada: Universidad de Granada.
Conseil Paysan International (s/d). 1re Conférence Internationale Paysanne. París: Bibliothéque paysanne.
Daskalov, Roumen (2014): «Agrarian Ideologies and Peasant Movements in the Balkans», en Roumen Daskalov y Diana Mishkova (eds.): Entangled Histories of the Balkans. Leiden: Brill, vol.II, pp. 281-354.
de Waele, Jean Michel y Seiler, Daniel-Louis (eds., 2009): Les partis agrariens et paysans en Europe, Éditions de l’Universite de Bruxelles.
Dostál, Vladimír (1998): Agrární strana: její rozmach a zánik. Brno: Atlantis.
Duverger, Maurice (1994): Los partidos políticos. México: fce.
Gil Cuadrado, Luis Teófilo (2006): El Partido Agrario Español (1934-1936): una alternativa conservadora y republicana, tesis doctoral, ucm.
Gollwitzer, Heinz (ed., 1977): Europäische Bauernparteien im 20. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Fischer.
Haushofer, Heinz (1977): «Die internationale Organisation der Bauernparteien», en Heinz Gollwitzer (ed.): Europäische Bauernparteien im 20. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Fischer, pp. 668-690.
Hodža, Milan (1931): Cesty Stredo-Evropskej agrárnej demokracie 1921-1931. Praga.
Hodža, Milan (1942): Federation in Central Europe. Reflections and Reminiscences. Londres, Jarrolds.
Indraszczyk, Arkadiusz (2008): Zielona Miedzynarodowka. Varsovia: Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego.
Jackson, George D. (1966): Comintern and Peasant in East Europe, 1919-1930. N. York: Columbia UP.
Lipset, Seymour M. y Rokkan, Sten. (eds., 1967): Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. N. York: The Free Press.
Miller, Daniel E. (1999): Forging Political Compromise: Antonín Švehla and the Czechoslovak Republican Party, 1918-1933. Pittsburg UP.
Müller, Dietmar. (2020): Bodeneigentum und Nation. Rumänien, Jugolawien und Polen im europäischen Vergleich 1918-1948. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag.
Pan-Montojo, Juan y Mignemi, Niccolò (2017): «International organizations and agriculture, 1905-1945», Agricultural History Review, 65/2, pp. 237-253
Raeff, Marc (1990): Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration, 1919-1939. Oxford University Press.
Scurtu, Ioan (1981): «Relationships of the Peasants’ Party of Romania with the Agrarian Parties of Central and South-East Europe», Revue Des Études Sud-est Européennes, 19/1, pp. 31-39.
Sobieraj, Silke (2002): Die nationale Politik des Bundes der Landwirte in der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Verständigung zwischen Tschechen und Deutschen (1918-1929). Berna: Peter Lang.
Soumar, Bohuslav (ed., 1956): Red Peasant International. A minor item in the forgotten byways of recent history. N. York: International Peasant Union.
Toshkov, Alex (2019): Agrarianism as Modernity in 20th-Century Europe. The Golden Age of the Peasantry. Londres: Bloomsbury.
Urwin, D. W. (1980): From Ploughshare to Ballotbox. The Politics of Agrarian Defence in Europe, Oslo, Universitetsforlaget.
Valota Cavallotti, Bianca (1987): «L’Internazionale verde tra pace e guerra», Publications de l’École Française de Rome, 95, pp. 285-299.
Van Meurs, Wim (2018): «The Red Peasant International», en Liesbeth Van de Grift y Amalia R. Forclaz (eds.): Governing the Rural in Interwar Europe. Londres: Routledge, pp. 259-278.
Cabo Villaverde, M. (2023). On behalf of the peasantry: the International Agrarian Office or Green International in Interwar Europe (1921-1938). Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea, 40, 41–62. https://doi.org/10.14201/shhc2018364162
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