Providing pervasive Learning eXperiences by Combining Internet of Things and e-Learning standards
Abstract Nowadays, learning is more and more taking place anywhere and anytime. This implies that e-learning environments are expanded from only virtual learning environments to both virtual and physical ones. Thanks to the evolution of Internet, ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and Internet of Things, new learning scenarios could be experienced by learners either individually or collaboratively. These learning scenarios are Pervasive in such a way that they allow to mix virtual and physical learning environments as well. They are therefore characterized by possible interactions of the learner with the physical environment, the Learner's contextual data detection as well as the adaptation of pedagogical strategies and services according to this context. This paper aims to take advantage of this trend and keep up also with existing e-Learning standards such as IMS LD and LOM. The solution proposed is therefore to extend these standards models with that of Internet of Things and to provide an adaptation approach of learning activities based on learner's context and her/his track using the eXperience API. In this context and in order to allow both reasoning capabilities and interoperability between the proposed models Ontological representations and implementation are therefore proposed. Moreover a technical architecture highlighting the required software components and their interactions is provided. And finally, a relevant pervasive learning scenario is implemented and experimented.
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Atif, Y., & Mathew, S. (2013). A Social Web of Things Approach to a Smart Campus Model. In Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom), 2013 IEEE and Internet of Things (iThings/CPSCom), IEEE International Conference on and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (pp. 349-354). IEEE.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GreenCom-iThings-CPSCom.2013.77
Berlanga, A. J., & García-Peñalvo, F. J.(2005). IMS LD reusable elements for adaptive learning designs. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/2005-11
Berlanga, A. J., García-Peñalvo, F. J., & Carabias, J. (2006). Authoring adaptive learning designs using IMS LD. In V. Wade, H. Ashman, & B. Smyth (Eds.), Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, Proceedings (Vol. 4018, pp. 31- 40). Berlin: SpringerVerlag.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11768012_5
Borrego-Jaraba, F., García, G. C., Ruiz, I. L., & Gómez-Nieto, M. Á. (2013). An NFC based context-aware solution for access to bibliographic sources in university environments. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, 5(1), 105-118.
Callaghan, V. (2012). Buzz-Boarding; practical support for teaching computing based on the internet-of-things.
Chandra, D. G., & Raman, A. C. (2014). Educational Data Mining on Learning Management Systems Using SCORM. In Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2014 Fourth International Conference on (pp. 362- 368). IEEE.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csnt.2014.91
Chikh, A. (2014). A general model of learning design objects. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 26(1), 29-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2013.03.001
Chin, J., & Callaghan, V. (2013, July). Educational living labs: a novel internetof-things based approach to teaching and research. In Intelligent Environments (IE), 2013 9th International Conference on (pp. 92-99). IEEE.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ie.2013.48
Christophe, B. (2011, October). Semantic profiles to model the” web of things”. In Semantics Knowledge and Grid (SKG), 2011 Seventh International Conference on (pp. 51- 58). IEEE.
Compton, M., Barnaghi, P., Bermudez, L., García-Castro, R., Corcho, O., Cox, S., ... & Taylor, K. (2012).The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, 17, 25-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2012.05.003
Derntl, M., Neumann, S., Griffiths, D., & Oberhuemer, P. (2012). The conceptual structure of IMS Learning Design does not impede its use for authoring. Learning Technologies, IEEE Transactions on, 5(1), 74- 86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2011.25
De, S., Barnaghi, P., Bauer, M., & Meissner, S. (2011, September). Service modelling for the Internet of Things. In Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 2011 Federated Conference on (pp. 949-955). IEEE.
Domingo, M. C. (2012).An overview of the Internet of Things for people with disabilities. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 35(2), 584-596.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2011.10.015
Experience API specification. Retrieved March 04th, 2015, from http://www.adlnet.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/xAPI_v1.0.1-2013-10-01.pdf
García-Peñalvo, F. J. (Ed.). (2008). Advances in E-Learning: Experiences and Methodologies: Experiences and Methodologies. IGI Global.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-756-0
García-Peñalvo, F. J., & Seoane-Pardo, A. M. (2015). Una revision actualizada del concepto de eLearning. Décimo Aniversario. Education in the Knowledge Society, 16(1), 119-144.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/eks2015161119144
Gómez, J., Huete, J. F., Hoyos, O., Perez, L., & Grigori, D. (2013). Interaction System based on Internet of Things as Support for Education. Procedia Computer Science, 21, 132-139.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.09.019
Hachem, S., Teixeira, T., & Issarny, V. (2011). Ontologies for the Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the 8th Middleware Doctoral Symposium (p. 3). ACM.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2093190.2093193
IMS Learning Design specification. Retrieved March 04th, 2015, from http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/
Latorre García, M., Carro Fernández, G., Sancristobal Ruiz, E., Pesquera Martín, A., & Castro Gil, M. (2013). Rethinking remote laboratories: Widgets and smart devices. In Frontiers in Education Conference, 2013 IEEE (pp. 782-788). IEEE.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2013.6684933
“LTSC WG12: Learning Object Metadata”, IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee, 2002. Retrieved March 04th, 2015, from https://ieee-sa.centraldesktop.com/ltsc/
Luque Ruiz, I., Castro Garrido, P., Matas Miraz, G., Borrego-Jaraba, F., & Gómez-Nieto, M. Á. (2011). Near Field Communications Handbook.
Presser, M., Barnaghi, P. M., Eurich, M., & Villalonga, C. (2009). The SENSEI project: integrating the physical world with the digital world of the network of the future. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 47(4), 1-4.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2009.4907403
Taamallah, A., & Khemaja, M. (2014). Designing and eXperiencing smart objects based learning scenarios: an approach combining IMS LD, XAPI and IoT. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (pp. 373-379). ACM.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2669711.2669926
Vidal-Castro, C., Sicilia, M. Á., &Prieto, M. (2012). Representing instructional design methods using ontologies and rules Knowledge- Based Systems, 33, 180-194.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2012.04.005
Watson, C. E., & Ogle, J. T. (2013). The pedagogy of things: Emerging models of experiential learning. Bulletin of the IEEE Technical Committee on Learning Technology, 15(1), 3.
Taamallah, A., & Khemaja, M. (2015). Providing pervasive Learning eXperiences by Combining Internet of Things and e-Learning standards. Education in The Knowledge Society, 16(4), 98–117. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks201516498117
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