AI Chatbot to Prevent Higher Education Dropout: A Literature Review
Abstract Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) systems are giving rise to new educational tools, such as chatbots, which can be very useful in preventing dropout from higher education. These systems offer personalized and close support to students, which can improve their learning experience and increase their satisfaction with the educational process by improving retention. This study conducted a systematic review of the literature on educational chatbots to examine their potential to reduce the factors contributing to dropout in higher education. Using the PRISMA framework and a set of previously defined criteria, 47 studies on the application of chatbots in education were selected from an initial search of 124 sources. The research findings allow for categorizing different types of chatbots in relation to critical factors in higher education dropout. In addition, the challenges these tools face have been identified, and possible solutions have been proposed to address them. The work presented can be established as an initial basis for researching AI-based tools to prevent and reduce dropout rates in higher education.
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Crawford, J., Cowling, M., & Allen, K. A. (2023). Leadership is needed for ethical ChatGPT: Character, assessment, and learning using artificial intelligence (AI). Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 20(3). 10.53761/1.20.3.02
Deng, X., & Yu, Z. (2023). A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Effect of Chatbot Technology Use in Sustainable Education. Sustainability, 15(4), 2940. 10.3390/su15042940
Dhandayuthapani V., D. B. (2022). A Proposed Cognitive Framework Model for a Student Support Chatbot in a Higher Education Institution. International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, 14(02), 5390-5395. 10.35444/ijana.2022.14210
Elnozahy, W. A., El Khayat, G. A., Cheniti-Belcadhi, L., & Said, B. (2019). Question Answering System to Support University Students’ Orientation, Recruitment and Retention. Procedia Computer Science, 164, 56-63. 10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.154
Essel, H. B., Vlachopoulos, D., Tachie-Menson, A., Johnson, E. E., & Baah, P. K. (2022). The impact of a virtual teaching assistant (chatbot) on students’ learning in Ghanaian higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1). 10.1186/s41239-022-00362-6
Flores-Vivar, J., & García-Peñalvo, F. (2023). Reflections on the ethics, potential, and challenges of artificial intelligence in the framework of quality education (SDG4). Comunicar, 74, 37-47. 10.3916/C74-2023-03
García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2022). Developing robust state-of-the-art reports: Systematic Literature Reviews. Education in the Knowledge Society, 23, e28600. 10.14201/eks.28600
Gbengaa, L.O., Oluwafuntob, O.T., & Oluwatobic, A.H. (2020). An Improved Rapid Response Model for University Admission Enquiry System Using Chatbot. International Journal of Computer (IJC), 38(1), 123-131
Glazier, R. A. (2016). Building rapport to improve retention and success in online classes. Journal of Political Science Education, 12(4), 437-456. 10.1080/15512169.2016.1155994
Guzmán, A., Barragán, S., Cala-Vitery, F., & Segovia-García, N. (2022). Deserción en la Educación Superior Rural: Análisis de Causas desde el Pensamiento Sistémico. Qualitative Research in Education, 11(2), 118-150. 10.17583/qre.10048
Han, J. W., Park, J., & Lee, H. (2022). Analysis of the effect of an artificial intelligence chatbot educational program on non-face-to-face classes: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 830. 10.1186/s12909-022-03898-3
Hefny, W., Mansy, Y., Abdallah, M., & Abdennadher, S. (2021). Jooka: A Bilingual Chatbot for University Admission. In Á. Rocha, H. Adeli, G. Dzemyda, F. Moreira, & A. M. Ramalho Correia (Eds.). Trends and Applications in Information Systems and Technologies (Vol. 3) (pp. 671-681). Springer. 10.1007/978-3-030-72660-7_64
Hew, K. F., Huang, W., Du, J., & Jia, C. (2022). Using chatbots to support student goal setting and social presence in fully online activities: learner engagement and perceptions. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 35(1), 40-68. 10.1007/s12528-022-09338-x
Ikhsan, R. B., Prabowo, H., Yuniarty, Simamora, B., Ruan, X., & Kumar, V. (2023). Predicting students’ use of mobile-learning management systems in Indonesia. Journal of Educators Online, 20(1), 77-90. 10.9743/JEO.2023.20.1.20
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