School Bullying from Multiple Perspectives: A Qualitative Study
Abstract The study aim to identify the reality of school bullying from the perspective of the victims, bullies, educators, and workers in one of the private schools at Nablus city. The researchers employed the qualitative research method that was based on face-to-face interviews. Moreover, the age range of the selected sample was between 13-16 years old. The study's findings revealed the forms of bullying at the school, its causes, and the school policy to tackle it. Most of the results were characterized by having a problematic definition of "bullying." Moreover, the school was confused about dealing with bullying in all its forms, and there was a clear strategy to address the problem. The study recommend the necessity of school-based bullying prevention and treatment programs designed to reduce the bullying phenomenon at schools.
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Abdul Rahim, M. (2017). The Role of the Principals of the Technical Secondary Schools at Sharkia Governorate in Facing Bullying from the Perspective of Teachers. Arabic Studies in Education and Psychology, 85, 285–362.
Abu-Diyar, M. (2011). The Effectiveness of a Self-Esteem Counseling Program in Reducing Bullying Behavior for Children with ADHD. Annals of the Center of Research and Psychological Studies, 6(8), 1–65.
Abu-Diyar, M. (2012). The Psychology of Bullying Between Theory and Treatment. Modern Book House, 2 ed.
Abu Sahloul, M. M., Al-Hadad, B.I., Hamdan, H. A., Abu Shamala, & Abu Asr, M. B. (2018). The Reality of School Bullying Phenomenon Among Secondary School Students in Khan Yunis and Ways of Confronting It. Scientific Research Council, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Directorate of Education, Khan Younis, Palestine.
Al-Raqqad, H., Al-Bourini, E., Al-Talahin, F., & Aranki, R. (2017). The Impact of School Bullying on Students’ Academic Achievement from Teacher Point of View. International Education Studies, 10(6), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n6p44
Al-Shatibi, F. (2014). The Reality of Bullying in the Algerian School for the Intermediate Education: A Field Study. Psychological Studies, 5(11), 71–104.
Benetiz, J. & Justicia, J. (2006). Bullying: Description and Analysis of the Phenomenon. Electronic Journal of Research in Education and Psychology, 4(9), 151–170.
Bevilacqua, L., Shackleton, N., Hale, D., Allen, E., Bond, L., Christie, D., Elbourne, D., Fitzgerald-Yau, N., Fletcher, A., Jones, R., Miners, A., Scott, S., Wiggins, M., Bonell, C., & Viner, R. (2017). The Role of Family and School-level Factors in Bullying and Cyberbullying: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Pediatrics, 17, 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0907-8
Black, S., & Jackson E. (2007). Using Bulling Incident Density to Evaluate the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. School Psychology International, 28(5), 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034307085662
Burmaster, E. (2002). Youth to Youth: A Review of Peer Program: Theoretical Underpinnings, Forms, Functions, Process -and Outcome- Related Findings 2001-02: A literature Review. Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.
Cappadocia, C., Weiss, A., & Pepler, D. (2012). Bullying Experiences Among Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, 42(2), 77–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1241-x
Gentry, M., Gable, R., & Springer P. (2000). Gifted and Nongifted Middle School Students: Are Their Attitudes Toward School Different as Measured by the New Affective Instrument, My Class Activities …? Journal of the Education of the Gifted, 24(1), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320002400104
Georgiou, S. N. (2008). Bulling and Victimization at School: The Role of Mothers. British journal of Educational Psychology, 78(Pt1), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709907X204363
Hillsberg, C., & Spak, H. (2006): Young Adult Literature as the Centerpiece of an Anti-Bullying Program in Middle School. Middle School Journal, 38(2), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2006.11461570
Horner, S., Asher, Y., & Fireman, G. D. (2015). The impact and response to electronic bullying and traditional bullying among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 288–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.007
Ismail, H. (2010). Some Psychological Variables Among the Victims of School Bullying in the Primary Stage in Qena, Egypt. Educational and Social Studies, 16(2), 137–170.
Kaiser, B., & Rasminsky, J. (2011). Challenging Behavior in Young Children: Understanding, Preventing and Responding Effectively. Pearson, 3rd Ed.
Khoj, H. A. (2012). School Bullying and Its Relationship with Social Skills Among Primary School Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 13(4), 187–218. https://doi.org/10.12785/JEPS/130407
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students. Journal Adolescent Health, 41(6), S22–S30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.017
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13–S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018
Kumpulainen, K., Räsänen, E., Henttonen, I., Almqvist, F., Kresanov, K., Linna, S.-L., Moilanen, I., Piha, J., Puura, K., & Tamminen, T. (1998, 1998/07/01/). Bullying and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Elementary School-Age Children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(7), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00049-0
Mishna, F. (2004). A Qualitative Study of Bullying from Multiple Perspectives. Children & Schools, 26(4), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/26.4.234
Najam, H. & Kashif, S. (2018). Impact of Bullying on Student Behavioral Engagement. Journal of health education research and development, 6(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000261
Oliveira, F. R., de Menezes, T. A., Irffi, G., & Oliveira, G. R. (2018). Bullying effect on student’s performance. EconomiA, 19(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.001
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Blackwell Publishers.
Quiroz, H., Arnette, J., & Stephens, R. (2006). Bullying in Schools Fighting the Bully Battle: Discussion Activities for School Communities. National School Safety Center.
UNESCO. (2011). Stopping Violence in School: A guide for the Teacher. https://bit.ly/2YIzlzL
Abu-Diyar, M. (2011). The Effectiveness of a Self-Esteem Counseling Program in Reducing Bullying Behavior for Children with ADHD. Annals of the Center of Research and Psychological Studies, 6(8), 1–65.
Abu-Diyar, M. (2012). The Psychology of Bullying Between Theory and Treatment. Modern Book House, 2 ed.
Abu Sahloul, M. M., Al-Hadad, B.I., Hamdan, H. A., Abu Shamala, & Abu Asr, M. B. (2018). The Reality of School Bullying Phenomenon Among Secondary School Students in Khan Yunis and Ways of Confronting It. Scientific Research Council, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Directorate of Education, Khan Younis, Palestine.
Al-Raqqad, H., Al-Bourini, E., Al-Talahin, F., & Aranki, R. (2017). The Impact of School Bullying on Students’ Academic Achievement from Teacher Point of View. International Education Studies, 10(6), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n6p44
Al-Shatibi, F. (2014). The Reality of Bullying in the Algerian School for the Intermediate Education: A Field Study. Psychological Studies, 5(11), 71–104.
Benetiz, J. & Justicia, J. (2006). Bullying: Description and Analysis of the Phenomenon. Electronic Journal of Research in Education and Psychology, 4(9), 151–170.
Bevilacqua, L., Shackleton, N., Hale, D., Allen, E., Bond, L., Christie, D., Elbourne, D., Fitzgerald-Yau, N., Fletcher, A., Jones, R., Miners, A., Scott, S., Wiggins, M., Bonell, C., & Viner, R. (2017). The Role of Family and School-level Factors in Bullying and Cyberbullying: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Pediatrics, 17, 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0907-8
Black, S., & Jackson E. (2007). Using Bulling Incident Density to Evaluate the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. School Psychology International, 28(5), 623–638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034307085662
Burmaster, E. (2002). Youth to Youth: A Review of Peer Program: Theoretical Underpinnings, Forms, Functions, Process -and Outcome- Related Findings 2001-02: A literature Review. Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.
Cappadocia, C., Weiss, A., & Pepler, D. (2012). Bullying Experiences Among Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, 42(2), 77–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1241-x
Gentry, M., Gable, R., & Springer P. (2000). Gifted and Nongifted Middle School Students: Are Their Attitudes Toward School Different as Measured by the New Affective Instrument, My Class Activities …? Journal of the Education of the Gifted, 24(1), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320002400104
Georgiou, S. N. (2008). Bulling and Victimization at School: The Role of Mothers. British journal of Educational Psychology, 78(Pt1), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709907X204363
Hillsberg, C., & Spak, H. (2006): Young Adult Literature as the Centerpiece of an Anti-Bullying Program in Middle School. Middle School Journal, 38(2), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2006.11461570
Horner, S., Asher, Y., & Fireman, G. D. (2015). The impact and response to electronic bullying and traditional bullying among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 288–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.007
Ismail, H. (2010). Some Psychological Variables Among the Victims of School Bullying in the Primary Stage in Qena, Egypt. Educational and Social Studies, 16(2), 137–170.
Kaiser, B., & Rasminsky, J. (2011). Challenging Behavior in Young Children: Understanding, Preventing and Responding Effectively. Pearson, 3rd Ed.
Khoj, H. A. (2012). School Bullying and Its Relationship with Social Skills Among Primary School Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 13(4), 187–218. https://doi.org/10.12785/JEPS/130407
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students. Journal Adolescent Health, 41(6), S22–S30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.017
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13–S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018
Kumpulainen, K., Räsänen, E., Henttonen, I., Almqvist, F., Kresanov, K., Linna, S.-L., Moilanen, I., Piha, J., Puura, K., & Tamminen, T. (1998, 1998/07/01/). Bullying and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Elementary School-Age Children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(7), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00049-0
Mishna, F. (2004). A Qualitative Study of Bullying from Multiple Perspectives. Children & Schools, 26(4), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/26.4.234
Najam, H. & Kashif, S. (2018). Impact of Bullying on Student Behavioral Engagement. Journal of health education research and development, 6(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2380-5439.1000261
Oliveira, F. R., de Menezes, T. A., Irffi, G., & Oliveira, G. R. (2018). Bullying effect on student’s performance. EconomiA, 19(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2017.10.001
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Blackwell Publishers.
Quiroz, H., Arnette, J., & Stephens, R. (2006). Bullying in Schools Fighting the Bully Battle: Discussion Activities for School Communities. National School Safety Center.
UNESCO. (2011). Stopping Violence in School: A guide for the Teacher. https://bit.ly/2YIzlzL
Shaath, M., Sleem, H., Sulayeh, Y., Saifi, A.-G., Ishtayah, H., & Hamayel, O. (2021). School Bullying from Multiple Perspectives: A Qualitative Study. Education in The Knowledge Society, 22, e23953. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.23953
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