Aplicación de los principios de la teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje multimedia al diseño de situaciones de aprendizaje y escenarios de formación

Revisión sistemática de literatura

Resumen

La teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje multimedia (TCAM) ha impulsado el desarrollo de múltiples estudios en torno a cómo diseñar materiales y escenarios que logren un verdadero aprendizaje. Teniendo en cuenta estas características, el artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura para identificar las áreas de conocimiento en las que se vienen realizando estudios basados en la TCAM, así como los principales hallazgos a los que han llegado. Para esto, se utiliza una metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura basada en el estudio de artículos de investigación entre 2018 y 2021 seleccionados a través de Scopus y Web of Science. Se concluye que las áreas donde más se ha explorado el uso de la TCAM ha sido la enseñanza de idiomas (inglés y mandarín), la medicina (combina especialidades médicas y enfermería), la ingeniería (civil, de sistemas, eléctrica) y la geografía. Entre los principales hallazgos se identifican los principios más utilizados, como el de redundancia, señalización y coherencia; se valida la importancia de aplicar los principios de la TCAM en el diseño de materiales y situaciones de aprendizaje para lograr efectos asociados a la reducción de la carga cognitiva. Los estudios resaltan la importancia de su manejo por parte de docentes y diseñadores instruccionales, la relevancia de considerar su aplicación en el diseño de videos educativos y la necesidad de tener en cuenta las condiciones de los estudiantes a los que se dirige la formación.
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