Learning styles and multiple intelligences in the teaching-learning of Spanish as a foreign language
Abstract This paper examines two theoretical constructs: Learning Styles and Multiple Intelligences as variables in the teaching-learning process of Spanish as a Foreign Language. The group learning profile has been analyzed through the use of the Questionnaire of Honey-Alonso of Learning Styles (CHAEA, 2007) and Silver and Strong Questionnaire for Multiple Intelligences (2000) while learning journals have been utilized to triangulate the data obtained through the questionnaires. Three moderate correlations have been found among the variables of both constructs: Linguistic Intelligence-Reflexive Style; Linguistic Intelligence-Theoretical Style; and Musical Intelligence-Active Style. Both theories have been employed in a Spanish course which gives students options for the selection of activities and assignments. Using a quasi-experimental design, the implications of this intervention have been investigated, and the results have shown an improvement in the performance of the experimental group as against that of the control group. Conclusively, students with a high preference for the Reflective and Theoretical Style seem to have demonstrated a better overall performance.
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Chen, J.; Moran, S. and Gardner, H. (Eds.) (2009). Birth and the Spread of a «Meme» In Multiple Intelligences around the world. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Claxton, G. and Lucas, B. (2013). Nuevas inteligencias, nuevos aprendizajes. Madrid: Narcea Ediciones.
Cook, V. (1991). Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. London: Edward Arnold.
Denig, S. (2004). Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles: Two Complementary Dimensions. Teachers College Record, 106 (1), 96-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00322.x
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Gallego, D. and Alonso, C. M. (2008). Estilos de aprender en el siglo XXI. Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje, 2 (2), 23-34.
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Reid, J. M. (1987). The Learning Styles Preferences of ESL Students. TESOL Quaterly, 21 (1), 87-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3586356
Reid, J. M. (Ed.) (1998). Understanding Learning Styles in Second Language Classroom. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Regents.
Robinson, K. (2009). The element. How finding your passion changes everything. New York: Penguin.
Rubin, J. (1975). What the «Good Language Learner» Can Teach Us. TESOL Quarterly, 9 (1), 41-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3586011
Sabariego, M. and Bisquerra, R. (2009). Fundamentos metodológicos de la investigación educativa. En R. Bisquerra (Coord.). Metodología de la investigación educativa (pp. 19-48). Madrid: Editorial La Muralla.
Sans, A. (2009). Métodos de investigación de enfoque experimental. In R. Bisquerra (Coord.). Metodología de la investigación educativa (pp. 167-194). Madrid: Editorial La Muralla.
Sauer, C. (1998). Developing a survey for Multiple Intelligences: A Collaborative ESL Class Project. In J. M. Reid (Ed.). Understanding Learning Styles in the Second Language Classroom (pp. 100-106). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Regents.
Silver, H.; Strong, R. and Perini, M. (2000). So each may learn: integrating learning styles and multiple intelligences. Virginia, EE. UU.: ASCD.
Wu, S. and Alrabah, S. (2009). A Cross-cultural study of Taiwanese and Kuwaiti EFL students’ learning styles and multiple intelligences. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 46 (4), 393-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14703290903301826
Yao, F. and Iriarte, F. (2013). Estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de segunda lengua de la Universidad del Norte de Barranquilla. Revista Estilos de Aprendizaje, 11 (11), 100-110.
Alonso, C. and Gallego, D. (2010). Los estilos de aprendizaje como competencias para el estudio el trabajo y la vida. Revista Estilos de Aprendizaje, 6 (6), 4-22.
Alonso, C.; Gallego, D. and Honey, P. (2006). Los estilos de aprendizaje. Procedimientos de diagnóstico y mejora (7.ª ed.). Bilbao: Ediciones Mensajero.
Chen, J.; Moran, S. and Gardner, H. (Eds.) (2009). Birth and the Spread of a «Meme» In Multiple Intelligences around the world. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Claxton, G. and Lucas, B. (2013). Nuevas inteligencias, nuevos aprendizajes. Madrid: Narcea Ediciones.
Cook, V. (1991). Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. London: Edward Arnold.
Denig, S. (2004). Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles: Two Complementary Dimensions. Teachers College Record, 106 (1), 96-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00322.x
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner. Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Routeledge. Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927X05281424
Gallego, D. and Alonso, C. M. (2008). Estilos de aprender en el siglo XXI. Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje, 2 (2), 23-34.
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: the theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence reframed: multiple intelligences for 21st century. New York: Basic Books.
Gardner, H. (2009). Birth and the Spread of a «Meme». In J. Chen, S. Moran and H. Gardner (Eds.). Multiple Intelligences around the world (pp. 3-16). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja905021c, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja904459q
Griffiths, C. (Ed.) (2008). Lessons from good language learners. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497667
Griffiths, C. (2012). Learning Styles: traversing the quagmire. In S. Mercer, S. Ryan and M. Williams (Eds.). Psychology for Language learning: Insights from research, Theory and Practice (pp. 151-168). London: Palgrave Macmillan. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137032829.0015
Hall-Haley, M. (2004). Learner-Centered Instruction and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences with Second Language Learners. Teachers’ College Record, 106 (1), 163-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2004.00326.x
Keefe, J. W. (Ed.) (1979). Student learning styles-diagnosing and prescribing programs. Reston, VA: NASSP.
Kornhaber, M.; Fierros, E. and Veenema, V. (2004). Multiple intelligences. Best ideas from research and practice. Boston: Pearson.
Lago, B.; Colvin, L. and Cacheiro, M. (2008). Estilos de Aprendizaje y Actividades Polifásicas: Modelo AEAP. Revista Estilos de Aprendizaje, 2 (2), 2-22.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2001). Individual cognitive/affective learner contributions and differential success in second language acquisition. In M. P. Breen (Ed.). Learner Contributions to Language Learning: New Directions in Research (pp. 12-24). Harlow: Pearson Education.
Lightbrown, P. and Spada, N. (2006). How Languages are Learned. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lucas, B.; Spencer, E. and Claxton, G. (2013). Expansive Education. Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK: Open University Press.
Massot, I.; Dorio, I. and Sabariego, M. (2009). Estrategias de recogida y análisis de la información. In R. Bisquerra (Coord.). Metodología de la investigación educativa (pp. 329-365). Madrid: Editorial La Muralla.
Ossa, C. and Lagos, N. (2013). Estilos de Aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Pedagogía de Educación General Básica (primaria) de una universidad pública en Chile. Revista Estilos de Aprendizaje, 11 (11), 178-189.
Oxford, R. L (1999). «Style wars» as a source of anxiety in language classroom. In D. J. Young (Ed.). Affect in foreign language and second language learning (pp. 216-237). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Oxford, R. (2011). Teaching and researching Language Learning Strategies. Harlow: Pearson Longman.
Reid, J. M. (1987). The Learning Styles Preferences of ESL Students. TESOL Quaterly, 21 (1), 87-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3586356
Reid, J. M. (Ed.) (1998). Understanding Learning Styles in Second Language Classroom. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Regents.
Robinson, K. (2009). The element. How finding your passion changes everything. New York: Penguin.
Rubin, J. (1975). What the «Good Language Learner» Can Teach Us. TESOL Quarterly, 9 (1), 41-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3586011
Sabariego, M. and Bisquerra, R. (2009). Fundamentos metodológicos de la investigación educativa. En R. Bisquerra (Coord.). Metodología de la investigación educativa (pp. 19-48). Madrid: Editorial La Muralla.
Sans, A. (2009). Métodos de investigación de enfoque experimental. In R. Bisquerra (Coord.). Metodología de la investigación educativa (pp. 167-194). Madrid: Editorial La Muralla.
Sauer, C. (1998). Developing a survey for Multiple Intelligences: A Collaborative ESL Class Project. In J. M. Reid (Ed.). Understanding Learning Styles in the Second Language Classroom (pp. 100-106). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Regents.
Silver, H.; Strong, R. and Perini, M. (2000). So each may learn: integrating learning styles and multiple intelligences. Virginia, EE. UU.: ASCD.
Wu, S. and Alrabah, S. (2009). A Cross-cultural study of Taiwanese and Kuwaiti EFL students’ learning styles and multiple intelligences. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 46 (4), 393-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14703290903301826
Yao, F. and Iriarte, F. (2013). Estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de segunda lengua de la Universidad del Norte de Barranquilla. Revista Estilos de Aprendizaje, 11 (11), 100-110.
Luengo-Cervera, E. (2015). Learning styles and multiple intelligences in the teaching-learning of Spanish as a foreign language. Enseñanza & Teaching: Interuniversity Journal of Didactic, 33(2), 79–103. https://doi.org/10.14201/et201533279103
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