Enfrentando al Covid-19: situación de las personas con autismo y sus familias en Latinoamérica

  • Daniel Valdez
  • Cecilia Montiel Nava
    University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
  • Cristina Silvestre Paula
    Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (UPM)
  • Alexia Rattazzi
    PANAACEA. Buenos Aires
  • Analía Rosoli
  • Natalia Barrios
    PANAACEA. Buenos Aires
  • Sebastián Cukier
  • Ricardo García
    Universidad de Chile
  • Sandra Manrique
    CPAL
  • Georgina Pérez Liz
    Drexel University
  • Claudete Veiga de Lima
    Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (UPM). São Paulo
  • Cecilia Amigo
    Universidad de la República. Montevideo
  • Virginia Besio
    Universidad de la República. Montevideo
  • Gabriela Garrido
    Universidad de la República. Montevideo

Resumen

Presentamos un estudio multicéntrico realizado a través de una encuesta en línea a 1826 familias de personas con TEA de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela. Nuestro objetivo es describir el impacto de la pandemia –y el aislamiento social– en la conducta, el estado de ánimo, el sueño y la alimentación de las personas con TEA. A tal fin hemos relevado características sociodemográficas, habitacionales y modalidad de confinamiento. Analizamos los efectos de la discontinuidad de los servicios educativos y terapéuticos y valoramos los alcances de las intervenciones a distancia. Algunas de las consecuencias del confinamiento –obligatorio para la mayoría– han sido el aumento de irritabilidad en las personas con TEA, el incremento de la conducta de deambular, mayores niveles de ansiedad, dificultades en alimentación, sueño y concentración. La mayor parte de las familias han notado retrocesos en sus hijos durante el encierro. Se destacan los efectos beneficiosos de salidas y paseos. Muchos tratamientos y clases se han suspendido. Se subrayan positivamente las intervenciones a distancia. La crisis actual debería ser una oportunidad para reorganizar dispositivos de educación y tratamiento, atendiendo a la necesidad de cambios, con una perspectiva más ecológica, inclusiva y amigable con el autismo.
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