Effects and benefits of person-centered planning (PCP) in adults with intellectual disabilities, in organizations and in community. State of the art
Abstract For more than three decades it has been developing a methodology called Person-Centered Planning (PCP), where the person with intellectual disability becomes the center of all planning, being a subject with rights and to who should be given the necessary support to fulfill his/her dreams, goals and/or desires. This article presents a literature review aimed to know the benefits of the implementation of the PCP in ser- vices that carer to people with disabilities. For it has been made an exhaustive research in 6 national and international databases, using descriptors “planificación centrada en la persona”, “pcp”, “person centred planning” and “person centered planning”. Fol- lowing a series of criteria established by the authors we have selected 18 items to be analyzed. The results show that the PCP is a tool that produces changes in the person, in the organizations and in the community, despite there being a number of barriers to implementation as been explained throughout this article.
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Arellano, A. & Peralta, F. (2016). La planificación centrada en la persona: un ejemplo de buena práctica en el ámbito de la discapacidad intelectual. Contextos Educativos, 19, 195-212. Recuperado el 7 de junio de 2016, de https://publicaciones.unirioja.es/ojs/index.php/contextos/article/download/2754/2675
Carbonell, E. (2006). Planificación centrada en la persona y discapacidad: barreras y oportunidades de mejora en Catalu-a. Revista Médica Internacional Sobre el Síndrome de Down, 10 (1), 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1138-2074(06)70043-4
Claes, C., Hove, G., Vandevelde, S., Loon, J. & Schalock, R. (2010). Person- centered planning: analysis of research and effectiveness. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 48 (6), 432-453. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-48.6.432
Cole, A., McIntosh, B. & Whittaker A. (2000). We want our voices heard developing new lifestyles with disabled People. Bristol: Policy Press.
Combes, H., Hardy, G. & Buchan, L. (2004). Using Q methodology to involve people with intellectual disability in evaluating person- centred planning. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17, 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2004.00191.x
Davis, C., Cornman, C., Lane, M. & Patton, M. (2005). Person- centered planning for consumer- directed care for the elderly and disabled. Care Management Journals, 6 (3), 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1891/cmaj.6.3.122
Dowling, S, Manthorpe, J. & Cowley, S. (2007). Working on Person- centred planning: From Amber to Green Light. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11 (1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629507073999
Dowling, S., Manthorpe, J., Cowley, S., King, S., Raymond, V., Perez, W. et al. (2006). Person-centred planning in social care. A scoping review. Recuperado el 30 de junio de 2016, de https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/9781859354803.pdf
Espiner, D. & Harnett, F. (2011). "I felt i was in control of the meeting": facilitating planning with adults with an intellectual disability. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2011.00684.x
Flannery, K., Newton, S., Horner, R., Slovic, R., Blumberg, R. & Ard, W. (2000). The impact of person centered planning on the content and organization of individual supports. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 23, 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/088572880002300202
Green, C., Middelton, S. & Reid, D. (2000). Embedded evaluation of preferences sampled from person-centered plans for people with profound multiple disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33 (4), 639-642. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2000.33-639
Heller, T., Miller, A., Hsieh, K. & Sterns, H. (2000). Later-life planning promoting knowledge of options and choice- making. Mental Retardation, 38 (5), 395-406. https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2000)038<0395:LPPKOO>2.0.CO;2
Hillman, A., Donelly, M., Whitaker, L., Dew, A., Stancliffe, R., Knox, M. et al. (2012). Experiencing rights within positive, person- centred support networks of people with intellectual disability in Australia. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56 (2), 1065-1075. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01647.x
Holburn, S., Jacobson, J., Schwartz, A., Flory, M. & Vietze, P. (2004). The Willowbrook Futures Project: a longitudinal analysis of person-centered planning. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109 (1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<63:TWFPAL>2.0.CO;2
Holburn, S., Jacobson, J., Vietze, P., Schwartz, A. & Sersen, E. (2000). Quantifying the process and outcomes of person-centered planning. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105 (5), 402-416. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0402:QTPAOO>2.0.CO;2
Human Services Research & Developmental Center. (1995). Person- centered agency design: a three year project 1991-1994. Recuperado el 16 de junio de 2016, de http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED400652.pdf
Lunt, J. & Hinz, A. (2014). Formación y práctica de la PCP. Una perspectiva Europea: experiencias del proyecto "Nuevos Caminos Hacia la Inclusión". Madrid: FEAPS.
Mata, G. & Carratalá, A. (2007). Planificación centrada en la persona. Madrid: FEAPS. Recuperado el 30 de junio, de http://www.feaps.org/archivo/publicaciones-feaps/libros/cuadernos-de-buenas-practicas/123-planificacion-centrada-en-la-persona-.html
Menchetti, B. & García, L. (2003). Personal and employment outcomes of person-centered career planning. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 38 (2), 145-156.
Miles, M. & Huberman, A. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. En N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Ed). Handbook of qualitative research (429-444). London: Sage Publication.
Nadin, P., Orr, M & Meagher, J. (2013). Good practice guidelines for a person-centred planning and goal setting for people with psychosocial disability. Recuperado el 19 de junio de 2016, de http://docplayer.net/355719-Good-practice-guidelines-for-person-centred-planning-and-goal-setting-for-people-with-psychosocial-disability.html
NSW Department of Ageing, Disability and Home Care (2009). Exploring an implementing person centred approaches. Recuperado el 29 de junio, de https://www.adhc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/file/0005/228290/DADHC_PersonCentred201208.pdf
Pallisera, M. (2011). La planificación centrada en la persona (PCP): una vía para la construcción de proyectos personalizados con personas con discapacidad intelectual. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 56 (3). Recuperado el 17 de julio de 2016, de http://rieoei.org/deloslectores/4092Pallisera.pdf
Rasheed, S., Fore, C. & Miller, S. (2006). Person-centered planning: practices, promises and provisos. The Journal for Vocational Special Needs Education, 28 (3), 47-59.
Reid, D., Everson, J. & Green, C. (1999). A systematic evaluation of preferences identified through person-centered planning for people with profound multiple disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32 (4), 467-477. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1999.32-467
Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Elliott, J. & Hatton, C. (2007a). El impacto de la planificación centrada en la persona en las personas con discapacidad intelectual en Inglaterra: Un resumen de hallazgos. Siglo Cero: Revista Espa-ola Sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, 38 (223), 5-24.
Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Elliott, J., Mclntosh, B., Swift, P. et al. (2006). Longitudinal analysis of the impact and cost of person-centered planning for people with intellectual disabilities in England. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111 (6), 400-416. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[400:LAOTIA]2.0.CO;2
Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Elliott, J., Mclntosh, B., Swift, P. et al. (2007b). Person- centred planning: factors associated with successful outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51 (3), 232-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00864.x
Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Elliott, J., Mclntosh, B., Swift, P. et al. (2008). Análisis longitudinal del impacto y coste de la planificación centrada en la persona para personas con discapacidad intelectual en Inglaterra. Siglo Cero: Revista Espa-ola sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, 39 (225), 5-30.
Robertson, J., Hatton, C., Emerson, E., Elliott, J., Mclntosh, B., Swift, P. et al. (2007c). Reported barriers to the implementation of person-centred planning for people with intellectual disabilities in the UK. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20, 297-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00333.x
Sanderson, H. (2000). Person- centred planning: key features and approaches. Joseph Roundtree Foundation. Recuperado el 20 de julio de 2007, de http://www.familiesleadingplanning.co.uk/documents/pcp%20key%20features%20and%20styles.pdf
Serra, F. (2006). Alternativas para el desarrollo de procesos personales de futuro para las personas con discapacidades significativas. Siglo Cero: Revista Espa-ola Sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, 37 (229), 59-74.
Stalker, K. & Campbell, V. (1998). Person centred planning: an evaluation of a training programme. Health and Social Care in the Community, 6 (2), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.1998.00107.x
Stirk, S. & Sanderson, H. (2012). Creating person- centred organisations. Strategies and tools for managing change in health, social care and the voluntary sector. London: Jessica Kingsley Pub.
Vatland, C. (2012). The effect of structured team meetings and performance feedback on person-centered planning activities (tesis doctoral). Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon.
Whitney-Tomas, J. & Timmons, J. (1998). Building authentic visions: how to support the focus person in person centered planning. Research to Practice, 4 (3), 3-4.
Carbonell, E. (2006). Planificación centrada en la persona y discapacidad: barreras y oportunidades de mejora en Catalu-a. Revista Médica Internacional Sobre el Síndrome de Down, 10 (1), 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1138-2074(06)70043-4
Claes, C., Hove, G., Vandevelde, S., Loon, J. & Schalock, R. (2010). Person- centered planning: analysis of research and effectiveness. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 48 (6), 432-453. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-48.6.432
Cole, A., McIntosh, B. & Whittaker A. (2000). We want our voices heard developing new lifestyles with disabled People. Bristol: Policy Press.
Combes, H., Hardy, G. & Buchan, L. (2004). Using Q methodology to involve people with intellectual disability in evaluating person- centred planning. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17, 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2004.00191.x
Davis, C., Cornman, C., Lane, M. & Patton, M. (2005). Person- centered planning for consumer- directed care for the elderly and disabled. Care Management Journals, 6 (3), 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1891/cmaj.6.3.122
Dowling, S, Manthorpe, J. & Cowley, S. (2007). Working on Person- centred planning: From Amber to Green Light. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11 (1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629507073999
Dowling, S., Manthorpe, J., Cowley, S., King, S., Raymond, V., Perez, W. et al. (2006). Person-centred planning in social care. A scoping review. Recuperado el 30 de junio de 2016, de https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/9781859354803.pdf
Espiner, D. & Harnett, F. (2011). "I felt i was in control of the meeting": facilitating planning with adults with an intellectual disability. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2011.00684.x
Flannery, K., Newton, S., Horner, R., Slovic, R., Blumberg, R. & Ard, W. (2000). The impact of person centered planning on the content and organization of individual supports. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 23, 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/088572880002300202
Green, C., Middelton, S. & Reid, D. (2000). Embedded evaluation of preferences sampled from person-centered plans for people with profound multiple disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33 (4), 639-642. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2000.33-639
Heller, T., Miller, A., Hsieh, K. & Sterns, H. (2000). Later-life planning promoting knowledge of options and choice- making. Mental Retardation, 38 (5), 395-406. https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2000)038<0395:LPPKOO>2.0.CO;2
Hillman, A., Donelly, M., Whitaker, L., Dew, A., Stancliffe, R., Knox, M. et al. (2012). Experiencing rights within positive, person- centred support networks of people with intellectual disability in Australia. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56 (2), 1065-1075. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01647.x
Holburn, S., Jacobson, J., Schwartz, A., Flory, M. & Vietze, P. (2004). The Willowbrook Futures Project: a longitudinal analysis of person-centered planning. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109 (1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<63:TWFPAL>2.0.CO;2
Holburn, S., Jacobson, J., Vietze, P., Schwartz, A. & Sersen, E. (2000). Quantifying the process and outcomes of person-centered planning. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 105 (5), 402-416. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0402:QTPAOO>2.0.CO;2
Human Services Research & Developmental Center. (1995). Person- centered agency design: a three year project 1991-1994. Recuperado el 16 de junio de 2016, de http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED400652.pdf
Lunt, J. & Hinz, A. (2014). Formación y práctica de la PCP. Una perspectiva Europea: experiencias del proyecto "Nuevos Caminos Hacia la Inclusión". Madrid: FEAPS.
Mata, G. & Carratalá, A. (2007). Planificación centrada en la persona. Madrid: FEAPS. Recuperado el 30 de junio, de http://www.feaps.org/archivo/publicaciones-feaps/libros/cuadernos-de-buenas-practicas/123-planificacion-centrada-en-la-persona-.html
Menchetti, B. & García, L. (2003). Personal and employment outcomes of person-centered career planning. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 38 (2), 145-156.
Miles, M. & Huberman, A. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. En N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Ed). Handbook of qualitative research (429-444). London: Sage Publication.
Nadin, P., Orr, M & Meagher, J. (2013). Good practice guidelines for a person-centred planning and goal setting for people with psychosocial disability. Recuperado el 19 de junio de 2016, de http://docplayer.net/355719-Good-practice-guidelines-for-person-centred-planning-and-goal-setting-for-people-with-psychosocial-disability.html
NSW Department of Ageing, Disability and Home Care (2009). Exploring an implementing person centred approaches. Recuperado el 29 de junio, de https://www.adhc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/file/0005/228290/DADHC_PersonCentred201208.pdf
Pallisera, M. (2011). La planificación centrada en la persona (PCP): una vía para la construcción de proyectos personalizados con personas con discapacidad intelectual. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 56 (3). Recuperado el 17 de julio de 2016, de http://rieoei.org/deloslectores/4092Pallisera.pdf
Rasheed, S., Fore, C. & Miller, S. (2006). Person-centered planning: practices, promises and provisos. The Journal for Vocational Special Needs Education, 28 (3), 47-59.
Reid, D., Everson, J. & Green, C. (1999). A systematic evaluation of preferences identified through person-centered planning for people with profound multiple disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32 (4), 467-477. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1999.32-467
Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Elliott, J. & Hatton, C. (2007a). El impacto de la planificación centrada en la persona en las personas con discapacidad intelectual en Inglaterra: Un resumen de hallazgos. Siglo Cero: Revista Espa-ola Sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, 38 (223), 5-24.
Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Elliott, J., Mclntosh, B., Swift, P. et al. (2006). Longitudinal analysis of the impact and cost of person-centered planning for people with intellectual disabilities in England. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111 (6), 400-416. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[400:LAOTIA]2.0.CO;2
Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Elliott, J., Mclntosh, B., Swift, P. et al. (2007b). Person- centred planning: factors associated with successful outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51 (3), 232-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00864.x
Robertson, J., Emerson, E., Hatton, C., Elliott, J., Mclntosh, B., Swift, P. et al. (2008). Análisis longitudinal del impacto y coste de la planificación centrada en la persona para personas con discapacidad intelectual en Inglaterra. Siglo Cero: Revista Espa-ola sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, 39 (225), 5-30.
Robertson, J., Hatton, C., Emerson, E., Elliott, J., Mclntosh, B., Swift, P. et al. (2007c). Reported barriers to the implementation of person-centred planning for people with intellectual disabilities in the UK. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20, 297-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00333.x
Sanderson, H. (2000). Person- centred planning: key features and approaches. Joseph Roundtree Foundation. Recuperado el 20 de julio de 2007, de http://www.familiesleadingplanning.co.uk/documents/pcp%20key%20features%20and%20styles.pdf
Serra, F. (2006). Alternativas para el desarrollo de procesos personales de futuro para las personas con discapacidades significativas. Siglo Cero: Revista Espa-ola Sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, 37 (229), 59-74.
Stalker, K. & Campbell, V. (1998). Person centred planning: an evaluation of a training programme. Health and Social Care in the Community, 6 (2), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.1998.00107.x
Stirk, S. & Sanderson, H. (2012). Creating person- centred organisations. Strategies and tools for managing change in health, social care and the voluntary sector. London: Jessica Kingsley Pub.
Vatland, C. (2012). The effect of structured team meetings and performance feedback on person-centered planning activities (tesis doctoral). Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon.
Whitney-Tomas, J. & Timmons, J. (1998). Building authentic visions: how to support the focus person in person centered planning. Research to Practice, 4 (3), 3-4.
Rodríguez, T. C., Iglesias García, M. T., & Fernández Fernández, S. (2018). Effects and benefits of person-centered planning (PCP) in adults with intellectual disabilities, in organizations and in community. State of the art. Siglo Cero, 48(2), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero20174822540
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