Sexual Communication in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Abstract Sexuality is part of the development of all human beings, unfortunately a large part of people with intellectual disabilities and even people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not receive the necessary attention regarding sexual health. The present study aims to compare parents’ sexual communication according to their children’s ASD levels. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The sample consisted of 152 parents of children with ASD, and the sexual communication section of the “Parenting and Child Sexuality Questionnaire” (Morawaska et al., 2015) was used to measure sexual communication. As a result, it was found that sexual communication between parents and children with ASD is very general, where more complex topics like sexual abuse and pregnant parents did not address and there are significant differences between parents’ sexual communication and children’s ASD levels. In that sense, it is important that health professionals encourage and support parents in the practice of sexual communication with their children with ASD.
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ANDRÉ, T. G., VALDEZ-MONTERO, C., MÁRQUEZ-VEGA, M. A., AHUMADA-CORTEZ, J. G. y GÁMEZ-MEDINA, M. E. (2020). Communication on sexuality between parents and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Sexuality and Disability, 38, 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-020-09628-1
ANDRÉ, T. G., VALDEZ-MONTERO, C., ORTIZ-FÉLIX, R. y GÁMEZ-MEDINA, M. E. (2020). Prevalencia del Trastorno del Espectro Autista: una revisión de la literatura. Revista Jóvenes en la Ciencia, 8, 1-7.
ASOCIACIÓN AMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA. (2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5.ª ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
BACKES, B., ZANON, B. y BOSA, C. A. (2013). A relação entre regressão da linguagem e desenvolvimento sócio comunicativo de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo. Codas, 25(3), 268-273.
BALLAN, M. S. (2012). Parental perspectives of communication about sexuality in families of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(5), 676-684.
BROWN-LAVOIE, S. M., VIECILI, M. A. y WEISS, J. A. (2014). Sexual knowledge and victimization in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(9), 2185-2196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2093-y
BURNS, N. y GROVE, S. K. (2005). The practice of nursing research: conduct, critique and utilization (4.ª ed.). WB. Saunders Company.
BYERS, E. S., NICHOLS, S., VOYER, S. D. y REILLY, G. (2013). Sexual well-being of a community sample of high-functioning adults on the autism spectrum who have been in a romantic relationship. Autism, 17, 418-433.
CLATOS, K. y ASARE, M. (2016). Sexuality education intervention for parents of children with disabilities: a pilot training program. American Journal of Health Studies, 31(3), 151-162.
CORONA, L. L., FOX, S. A., CHRISTODULU, K. V. y WORLOCK, J. A. (2016). Providing education on sexuality and relationships to adolescentes with autism spectrum disorder and their parents. Sexuality and Disability, 34(2), 199-214.
DIONNE, H. y DUPRAS, A. (2014). Sexual health of people with an intellectual disability: an ecosystem approach. Sexologies, 23(4), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2013.12.004
FILIPE, C. N. (2009). A sexualidade na Síndrome de Asperger. Revista Diversidades, 23(1), 23-26.
FOMBONNE, E. (2005). Epidemiological studies of pervasive developmental disorders. En F. R. VOLKMAR, R. PAUL, A. KLIN y D. COHEN (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (pp. 35-364). Wiley.
FOMBONNE, E., MARCIN, C., MANERO, A. C., BRUNO, R., DÍAZ, C., VILLALOBOS, M., RAMSAY, K. y NEALY, B. (2016). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Guanajuato, Mexico: the Leon survey. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 46, 1669-1685.
GROCE, N. y TRASI, R. (2004). Encuesta global sobre VIH y sida y discapacidad. http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/rehabilitacion/vih_discapacidad.pdf
GROVE, S. K. y GRAY, J. R. (2019). Investigación en enfermería. Desarrollo de la práctica enfermera basada en la evidencia. Elsevier.
HOLMES, L. G. y HIMLE, M. B. (2014). Parent-child sexuality communication and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11), 2964-2970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2146-2
HOLMES, L. G., HIMLE, M. B. y STRASSBERG, D. S. (2016). Parental romantic expectations and parent-child sexuality communication in autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 20(6), 687-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623 61315 602371
HOLMES, L. G., HIMLE, M. B. y STRASSBERG, D. S. (2019). Family sexuality communication for adolescent girls on the Autism Spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org /10.1007/s10803-019-03904-6
JERMAN, P. y CONSTANTINE, N. A. (2010). Demographic and psychological predictors of parent-adolescent communication about sex: a representative statewide analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(10), 1164-1174. https://doi.org /10.1007/s10964-010-9546-1
KOK, G. y AKYUZ, A. (2015). Evaluation of effectiveness of parent health education about the sexual developments of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 33, 157-174.
MANDELL, D. S., WALRATH, C. M., MANTEUFFEL, B., SGRO, G. y PINTO-MARTIN, J. A. (2005). The prevalence and correlates of abuse among children with autism served in comprehensive community-based mental health settings. Child Abuse and Neglect, 29, 1359-1372.
MORAWSKA, A., WALSH, A., GRABSKI, M. y FLETCHER, R. (2015). Parental confidence and preferences for communicating with their child about sexuality. Sex Education, 15(3), 235-248. https://doi.org /10.1080/14681811.2014.996213
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD. (2012). Los niños con discapacidad son víctimas de la violencia con más frecuencia. https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2012/child_disabilities_violence_20120712/es/
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD. (2018). Discapacidad y Salud. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health
RIVERA, P. (2008). Sexualidad de los niños, niñas y jóvenes con discapacidad. Revista Educación, 32(1), 157-170. http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/pdf/440/44032111.pdf
ROOKS-ELLISM, D. L., BROOKLIN, J., SULINSKI, E., SARAH, H. y ACHEY, N. (2020). The effectiveness of a brief sexuality education intervention for parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. American Journal of Sexuality Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2020.1800542
UNAIDS. (2010). Informe de política: la discapacidad y el VIH.
UNICEF. (2013). Niños, niñas y jóvenes con discapacidad. Hoja informativa. https://www.unicef.org/disablities/files/Factsheet_A5-o_spanish-r4.pdf
UNICEF. (2019). Niños y niñas con discapacidad. https://www.unicef.org/lac/ni%C3%B1os-y-ni%C3%B1as-con-discapacidad
ANDRÉ, T. G., VALDEZ-MONTERO, C., ORTIZ-FÉLIX, R. y GÁMEZ-MEDINA, M. E. (2020). Prevalencia del Trastorno del Espectro Autista: una revisión de la literatura. Revista Jóvenes en la Ciencia, 8, 1-7.
ASOCIACIÓN AMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA. (2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5.ª ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
BACKES, B., ZANON, B. y BOSA, C. A. (2013). A relação entre regressão da linguagem e desenvolvimento sócio comunicativo de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo. Codas, 25(3), 268-273.
BALLAN, M. S. (2012). Parental perspectives of communication about sexuality in families of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(5), 676-684.
BROWN-LAVOIE, S. M., VIECILI, M. A. y WEISS, J. A. (2014). Sexual knowledge and victimization in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(9), 2185-2196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2093-y
BURNS, N. y GROVE, S. K. (2005). The practice of nursing research: conduct, critique and utilization (4.ª ed.). WB. Saunders Company.
BYERS, E. S., NICHOLS, S., VOYER, S. D. y REILLY, G. (2013). Sexual well-being of a community sample of high-functioning adults on the autism spectrum who have been in a romantic relationship. Autism, 17, 418-433.
CLATOS, K. y ASARE, M. (2016). Sexuality education intervention for parents of children with disabilities: a pilot training program. American Journal of Health Studies, 31(3), 151-162.
CORONA, L. L., FOX, S. A., CHRISTODULU, K. V. y WORLOCK, J. A. (2016). Providing education on sexuality and relationships to adolescentes with autism spectrum disorder and their parents. Sexuality and Disability, 34(2), 199-214.
DIONNE, H. y DUPRAS, A. (2014). Sexual health of people with an intellectual disability: an ecosystem approach. Sexologies, 23(4), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2013.12.004
FILIPE, C. N. (2009). A sexualidade na Síndrome de Asperger. Revista Diversidades, 23(1), 23-26.
FOMBONNE, E. (2005). Epidemiological studies of pervasive developmental disorders. En F. R. VOLKMAR, R. PAUL, A. KLIN y D. COHEN (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (pp. 35-364). Wiley.
FOMBONNE, E., MARCIN, C., MANERO, A. C., BRUNO, R., DÍAZ, C., VILLALOBOS, M., RAMSAY, K. y NEALY, B. (2016). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Guanajuato, Mexico: the Leon survey. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 46, 1669-1685.
GROCE, N. y TRASI, R. (2004). Encuesta global sobre VIH y sida y discapacidad. http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/rehabilitacion/vih_discapacidad.pdf
GROVE, S. K. y GRAY, J. R. (2019). Investigación en enfermería. Desarrollo de la práctica enfermera basada en la evidencia. Elsevier.
HOLMES, L. G. y HIMLE, M. B. (2014). Parent-child sexuality communication and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11), 2964-2970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2146-2
HOLMES, L. G., HIMLE, M. B. y STRASSBERG, D. S. (2016). Parental romantic expectations and parent-child sexuality communication in autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 20(6), 687-699. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623 61315 602371
HOLMES, L. G., HIMLE, M. B. y STRASSBERG, D. S. (2019). Family sexuality communication for adolescent girls on the Autism Spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org /10.1007/s10803-019-03904-6
JERMAN, P. y CONSTANTINE, N. A. (2010). Demographic and psychological predictors of parent-adolescent communication about sex: a representative statewide analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(10), 1164-1174. https://doi.org /10.1007/s10964-010-9546-1
KOK, G. y AKYUZ, A. (2015). Evaluation of effectiveness of parent health education about the sexual developments of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 33, 157-174.
MANDELL, D. S., WALRATH, C. M., MANTEUFFEL, B., SGRO, G. y PINTO-MARTIN, J. A. (2005). The prevalence and correlates of abuse among children with autism served in comprehensive community-based mental health settings. Child Abuse and Neglect, 29, 1359-1372.
MORAWSKA, A., WALSH, A., GRABSKI, M. y FLETCHER, R. (2015). Parental confidence and preferences for communicating with their child about sexuality. Sex Education, 15(3), 235-248. https://doi.org /10.1080/14681811.2014.996213
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD. (2012). Los niños con discapacidad son víctimas de la violencia con más frecuencia. https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2012/child_disabilities_violence_20120712/es/
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD. (2018). Discapacidad y Salud. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health
RIVERA, P. (2008). Sexualidad de los niños, niñas y jóvenes con discapacidad. Revista Educación, 32(1), 157-170. http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/pdf/440/44032111.pdf
ROOKS-ELLISM, D. L., BROOKLIN, J., SULINSKI, E., SARAH, H. y ACHEY, N. (2020). The effectiveness of a brief sexuality education intervention for parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. American Journal of Sexuality Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2020.1800542
UNAIDS. (2010). Informe de política: la discapacidad y el VIH.
UNICEF. (2013). Niños, niñas y jóvenes con discapacidad. Hoja informativa. https://www.unicef.org/disablities/files/Factsheet_A5-o_spanish-r4.pdf
UNICEF. (2019). Niños y niñas con discapacidad. https://www.unicef.org/lac/ni%C3%B1os-y-ni%C3%B1as-con-discapacidad
André, T. G., André, T. G., Valdez-Montero, C., Silva Dutra, H., Ahumada-Cortez, J. G., & Gámez-Medina, M. E. (2022). Sexual Communication in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Siglo Cero, 53(2), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero2022532920
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