Zoonosis: la cara oculta de la pandemia COVID-19
Resumen Las zoonosis son enfermedades que se transmiten de forma natural entre los animales y el hombre. Su interés es enorme y creciente, especialmente en los últimos años en los que han emergido como problemas de gravedad y gran difusión, como zoonosis emergentes. Las zoonosis representan, al menos, el 60% de las enfermedades infecciosas humanas y hasta el 75% de las enfermedades emergentes, por lo que su importancia relativa esta sobradamente justificada. Desde el punto de vista sanitario son causa de muerte, enfermedad, sufrimiento y secuelas y, desde el punto de vista económico, causan quebranto en las naciones o, en todo el mundo, cuando la extensión de la enfermedad es global. El artículo discute cuestiones relativas a la predicción, prevención y control de zoonosis y se fija de modo particular, por su actualidad, en la COVID-19, una pandemia que tiene la condición de zoonosis al admitirse su origen en murciélagos con la intervención probable de un hospedador intermediario. Es importante la unión de fuerzas entre la sanidad animal, la salud humana y la sanidad ambiental, en el contexto de Una sola Salud, para lograr el éxito en el control y erradicación de estas enfermedades.
- Referencias
- Cómo citar
- Del mismo autor
- Métricas
1. Cordero del Campillo M. Comentarios sobre la Historia de las Zoonosis. En Álvarez M y Rodríguez Ferri E, Directores. Zoonosis. II Curso sobre Enfermedades Transmisibles entre los Animales y el Hombre. Leon: Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de León; 2002. p. 9-28.
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Grupo Mixto OMS/FAO de Expertos en las Zoonosis. Informe de la Primera Reunión. Serie de Informes Técnicos número 40.1951.
3. Maurer FD. Equine piroplasmosis--another emerging disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1962; 141:699-702.
4. Sencer DJ. Emerging diseases of man and animals. Annu Rev Microbiol 1971; 25: 465-86.
5. Krause RM. The restless tide: The persistent challenge of the microbial world. National Foundation for Infectious diseases. 1981. Library of Congress No.82-116089.
6. Lederberg J, Shope RE, Oaks SC (Edit). Emerging Infections. Microbial Threats to Health in the United States. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1992.
7. NCID/CDC. Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats. A prevention strategy for the United States. 1994.
8. Smolinky MS, Hamburg MA Lederberg J. (Edit). Microbial Threats to Health. Emergence, Detection and Response. Institute of Medicine (US). Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health in the 21st Century. Washington (DC): National Academic Press (US) ; 2003.
9. Taylor LH, Latham SM, Woolhouse MEJ. Risk factor for human disease emergence. Phil Trans R Soc London B. 2001; 356 (1411): 983-9.
10. Woolhouse MEJ, Gowtage-Sequeria S. Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11(12):1842-46.
11. King LJ. Un modelo de convergencia para la aparición de enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes. 72ª Sesión OIE. Paris 23-28 de mayo de 2004.
12. Wolfe ND, Dunavan CP, Diamond J. Origins of major human infectious diseases. Nature 2007; 447 (7142): 279-83.
13. Rodriguez Ferri EF. “Una Salud”. La colaboración es necesaria. Anales de la Real Academia de Doctores de España. 2013; 27(1), 205-26.
14. World Health Statistics 2020. Monitoring Health for the SDGs. Sustainable Development Goals. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
15. Dye C. After 2015 infection diseases in a new era of health and development. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014;369(1645):20130426.
16. Torres JR. Emergence of Infectious Diseases in the 21th Century. Medicine and Health. 2012; Chapter IV. p. 119-21.
17. International Livestock Research Institute. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots. Zoonoses Project 4. Department for International Development, UK. Nairobi, Kenya: Int Livestock Res Inst; 2012.
18. Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL et al.Global Trends in emerging infection diseases. Nature 2008; 451 (7181): 990-3.
19. Delivorias A, Scholz N. Economic Impact of Epidemics and Pandemics. European Parliamentary Research Service PE 646.195-Feb 2020.
20. Fan VY, Jamison DT, Summers LH. Pandemic risk: how large are the expected losses?. Bull World Health Organ. 2018; 96(2): 129-34.
21. Newcomb J, Harrington T, Aldrich S. The economic impact of selected infectious disease outbreaks. Cambridge MA: Bio Economic Res Associated; 2011.
22. Buzby C, Roberts T. Estimated annual costs of Campylobacter Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Agricultural Economic Report 756. Washigton DC: USDA/ERS; 1997
23. World Bank. The Global Economic Outlook During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Changed World. World Bank Group [Internet] June, 8. 2020.
24. McKinsey and Company. The coronavirus effect on global economic sentiment. July 27, 2020.
25. Daszak P. Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD. Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife-threats to biodiversity and human health. Science. 2000; 287 (5452). 443-49.
26. Davis S, Begon M, De Bruyn L, Ageyev VS, Klassovskiy NL, Pole SB et al. Predictive thresholds for plague in Kazakhstan. Science. 2004; 304(5671): 736-8.
27. Morse SS, Mazet JAK, Woolhouse M, Parrish CR, Carroll D, Karesh WB, Zambrana-Torrelio C et al. Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis. Lancet. 2012; 380: 1956-65.
28. Marín Martínez F, Sánchez Meca J, López López JA. El metaanálisis en el ámbito de las ciencias de la Salud: una metodología imprescindible para la eficiente acumulación del conocimiento. Fisioterapia.2009; 31(3):107–14.
29. PREDICT: building a global early warning system for emerging diseases that move between wildlife and people. September 27, 2012.
30. GPMB (Global Preparedness Monitoring Board). Un mundo en peligro. Informe anual sobre preparación mundial para las emergencias sanitarias. Junta de Vigilancia Mundial de la Preparación. Geneva: WHO; 2020;2019.
31. WHO. Blueprint for R&D preparedness and response to public health emergencies due to highly infectious pathogens Workshop on Prioritization of Pathogens. WHO [Internet] 15 December 2015..
32. WHO Research and Development Blueprint. 2018 Annual review of diseases prioritized under the Research and Development Blueprint Informal consultation 6-7 February 2018 Geneva, Switzerland
33. The Lancet. Zoonoses: beyond the human-animal-environment interface. 2020; 396: 1.
34. Petrovan SO, Aldridge DC, Bartlett H, Bladon A, Booth H, Broad S, et al. "Post COVID-19: a solution scan of options for preventing future zoonotic epidemics". OSF; 2020.
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Grupo Mixto OMS/FAO de Expertos en las Zoonosis. Informe de la Primera Reunión. Serie de Informes Técnicos número 40.1951.
3. Maurer FD. Equine piroplasmosis--another emerging disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1962; 141:699-702.
4. Sencer DJ. Emerging diseases of man and animals. Annu Rev Microbiol 1971; 25: 465-86.
5. Krause RM. The restless tide: The persistent challenge of the microbial world. National Foundation for Infectious diseases. 1981. Library of Congress No.82-116089.
6. Lederberg J, Shope RE, Oaks SC (Edit). Emerging Infections. Microbial Threats to Health in the United States. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1992.
7. NCID/CDC. Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats. A prevention strategy for the United States. 1994.
8. Smolinky MS, Hamburg MA Lederberg J. (Edit). Microbial Threats to Health. Emergence, Detection and Response. Institute of Medicine (US). Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health in the 21st Century. Washington (DC): National Academic Press (US) ; 2003.
9. Taylor LH, Latham SM, Woolhouse MEJ. Risk factor for human disease emergence. Phil Trans R Soc London B. 2001; 356 (1411): 983-9.
10. Woolhouse MEJ, Gowtage-Sequeria S. Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11(12):1842-46.
11. King LJ. Un modelo de convergencia para la aparición de enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes. 72ª Sesión OIE. Paris 23-28 de mayo de 2004.
12. Wolfe ND, Dunavan CP, Diamond J. Origins of major human infectious diseases. Nature 2007; 447 (7142): 279-83.
13. Rodriguez Ferri EF. “Una Salud”. La colaboración es necesaria. Anales de la Real Academia de Doctores de España. 2013; 27(1), 205-26.
14. World Health Statistics 2020. Monitoring Health for the SDGs. Sustainable Development Goals. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
15. Dye C. After 2015 infection diseases in a new era of health and development. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014;369(1645):20130426.
16. Torres JR. Emergence of Infectious Diseases in the 21th Century. Medicine and Health. 2012; Chapter IV. p. 119-21.
17. International Livestock Research Institute. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots. Zoonoses Project 4. Department for International Development, UK. Nairobi, Kenya: Int Livestock Res Inst; 2012.
18. Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL et al.Global Trends in emerging infection diseases. Nature 2008; 451 (7181): 990-3.
19. Delivorias A, Scholz N. Economic Impact of Epidemics and Pandemics. European Parliamentary Research Service PE 646.195-Feb 2020.
20. Fan VY, Jamison DT, Summers LH. Pandemic risk: how large are the expected losses?. Bull World Health Organ. 2018; 96(2): 129-34.
21. Newcomb J, Harrington T, Aldrich S. The economic impact of selected infectious disease outbreaks. Cambridge MA: Bio Economic Res Associated; 2011.
22. Buzby C, Roberts T. Estimated annual costs of Campylobacter Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Agricultural Economic Report 756. Washigton DC: USDA/ERS; 1997
23. World Bank. The Global Economic Outlook During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Changed World. World Bank Group [Internet] June, 8. 2020.
24. McKinsey and Company. The coronavirus effect on global economic sentiment. July 27, 2020.
25. Daszak P. Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD. Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife-threats to biodiversity and human health. Science. 2000; 287 (5452). 443-49.
26. Davis S, Begon M, De Bruyn L, Ageyev VS, Klassovskiy NL, Pole SB et al. Predictive thresholds for plague in Kazakhstan. Science. 2004; 304(5671): 736-8.
27. Morse SS, Mazet JAK, Woolhouse M, Parrish CR, Carroll D, Karesh WB, Zambrana-Torrelio C et al. Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis. Lancet. 2012; 380: 1956-65.
28. Marín Martínez F, Sánchez Meca J, López López JA. El metaanálisis en el ámbito de las ciencias de la Salud: una metodología imprescindible para la eficiente acumulación del conocimiento. Fisioterapia.2009; 31(3):107–14.
29. PREDICT: building a global early warning system for emerging diseases that move between wildlife and people. September 27, 2012.
30. GPMB (Global Preparedness Monitoring Board). Un mundo en peligro. Informe anual sobre preparación mundial para las emergencias sanitarias. Junta de Vigilancia Mundial de la Preparación. Geneva: WHO; 2020;2019.
31. WHO. Blueprint for R&D preparedness and response to public health emergencies due to highly infectious pathogens Workshop on Prioritization of Pathogens. WHO [Internet] 15 December 2015..
32. WHO Research and Development Blueprint. 2018 Annual review of diseases prioritized under the Research and Development Blueprint Informal consultation 6-7 February 2018 Geneva, Switzerland
33. The Lancet. Zoonoses: beyond the human-animal-environment interface. 2020; 396: 1.
34. Petrovan SO, Aldridge DC, Bartlett H, Bladon A, Booth H, Broad S, et al. "Post COVID-19: a solution scan of options for preventing future zoonotic epidemics". OSF; 2020.
Rodríguez Ferri, E. F., & Calvo Sáez, L. A. (2021). Zoonosis: la cara oculta de la pandemia COVID-19. Revista De Medicina Y Cine, 16(e), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.14201/rmc202016e247259
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
+
−