Nacionalismo y etnicidad en el Japón moderno: traducción e ideología a finales del siglo xix
Resumen El mundo está experimentando una rápida globalización y se ha vuelto profundamente interdependiente. Sin embargo, se aprecia una creciente conciencia sobre el nacionalismo y la etnicidad en todo el planeta. Nacionalismo y etnicidad son dos conceptos diferentes. Sin embargo, el nacionalismo no puede disociarse de la etnicidad; es más, puede desarrollarse en estrecha asociación con la etnicidad a través del proceso de modernización. La modernización de Japón comenzó con la Restauración Meiji en 1868 y transformó una sociedad feudal en una nación moderna inspirada en el modelo de los Estados occidentales. Este proceso implicó la búsqueda de traducciones para las ideas occidentales, tales como «nación» y «nacionalismo». Este artículo se centra en el final del siglo xix, cuando se impulsó la formación de una identidad nacional japonesa y el surgimiento del nacionalismo, y explora las formas en que se interrelacionaron la práctica de la traducción y los aspectos ideológicos de dicho período para dar forma al nacionalismo japonés de la época.
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Boase-Beier, Jean, Lina Fisher and Furukawa Hiroko (eds.). 2018. The Palgrave Handbook of Literary Translation. London: Palgrave Macmillan. - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75753-7
Brubaker, Rogers. 1992. Citizenship and Nationalism in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Doak, Kevin Michael. 2007. A History of Nationalism in Modern Japan: Placing the People. Leiden: Brill. - https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004155985.i-292
Gellner, Ernest. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Greenfeld, Liah. 1992. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. London: Harvard University Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric John Ernest. 1990/1992. Nations and Nationalism since 1780 (2nd. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric John Ernest and Terence Osborn Ranger. (eds.). 1983. The Invention of Tradition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Howland, Douglas R. 2002. Translating the West: Language and Political Reason in Nineteenth-Century Japan. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
Inoue, Tetsujiro, Kenzo Wadagaki, Shinsaku Kodera and Nagao Ariga. 1881/2015. Tetsugaku Jii [Dictionary of Philosophy]. Tokyo: Heibonsha.
Kato, Shuichi. 1991. «Meiji-shoki no Hon-yaku-Naze?Nani-o?Ikani Yakushita ka» [Translation in the early Meiji Period-Why, What, and How Did People Translate?]. In Nihon Kindai Shiso Taikei 15 Hon-yaku no Shiso [Japanese Modern Thoughts: Thoughts of Translation], eds. by Shuichi Kato, and Masao Maruyama. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 342-380.
Katsurajima, Nobuhiro. 2008. «Higashi Ajia no Kindai to «Hon-yaku»: Kinsei Teikoku no Kaitai to Gakujutsu-chi» [Modern Times of the East Asia and Translation: Dissolution of the Modern Empire and Academic Knowledge]. In Jita Ninshiki no Shiso-shi: Nihon no Nashonarizumu no Seisei to Higashi Ajia [History of Ideologies on Consciousness of Self and Others: Generation of Nationalism in Japan, and the East Asia.], Tokyo: Yushisha, 137-154.
Kohn, Hans. 1944/2005. The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in its Origins and Background. London: Transaction Publishers.
Koyasu, Nobukuni. 2007. Nihon Nashonarizumu no Kaidoku [Diciphering Japanese Nationalism]. Tokyo: Hakutakusha.
Kuga, Katsunan. 1888/1968. «Nippon Bunmei Shinpo no Kiro 1» [A Turning Point for the progress of Japanese civilization 1]. June 9, 1888. In Kuga Katsunan Zenshu 1 [Katsunan Kuga's Collected Works 1], eds. by Taketoshi Nishida, and Michiari Uete. Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo, 395-397.
Kuga, Katsunan. 1888/1968. «Nippon Bunmei Shinpo no Kiro 3» [A Turning Point for the progress of Japanese civilization 3]. June 13, 1888. In Kuga Katsunan Zenshu 2 [Katsunan Kuga's Collected Works 2], eds. by Taketoshi Nishida, and Michiari Uete. Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo, 399-401.
Minamide, Kosei and Mitsuo Nakamura. (eds.). 2011. Genius Japanese-English Dictionary (3rd edition). Tokyo: Taishukan.
Nakanome, Toru. 2014. Meiji no Seinen to Nashonarizumu: Seikyosha·Nippon Shinbunsha no Gunzo. [The Youths and Nationalism in the Meiji period: Figures of Seikyosha and The Nippon Shinbun Company]. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kobunkan.
Nishikawa, Nagao. 2002. Senso no Seiki o Koete: Gurobaruka-jidai no Kokka, Rekishi, and Minzoku [Beyond the Century of War: State, History and Nation in the Age of Globalization]. Tokyo: Heibonsha.
Nye, Joseph S. Jr., and David A. Welch. 2014. Understanding Global Conflict and Cooperation: Into to Theory and History (9th edition). Edinburgh: Pearson.
Osawa, Masachi. 2011. Kindai Nihon no Nashonarizumu [Nationalism of Modern Japan]. Tokyo: Kodansha.
Saldanha, Gabriela and Sharon O'Brien. 2013. Research Methodologies in Translation Studies. London: Routledge. - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760100
Shiga, Shigetaka. 1888/1928. «"Nihonjin" ga Kaihosuru tokoro no Shigi wo Kokuhakusu» [Confessing the meaning of idea which Japanese people have]. April 18, 1888. In Shiga Shigetaka Zenshu 1 [Shigetaka Shiga's Collected Works 1], ed. by Shiga Shigetaka Zenshu Kankokai. Tokyo: Shiga Shigetaka Zenshu Kankokai, 1-6.
Shiga, Shigetaka. 1889/1928. «Nihon Minzoku Dokuritsu no Hoshin» [Policies of Independence of Japanese Minzoku]. March 3, 1889. In Shiga Shigetaka Zenshu 1 [Shigetaka Shiga's Collected Works 1], ed. by Shiga Shigetaka Zenshu Kankokai. Tokyo: Shiga Shigetaka Zenshu Kankokai, 44-48.
Shiokawa, Nobuaki. 2008. Minzoku to Neeshon: Nashonarizumu to iu Nanmon [Minzoku and Nation: Challenge of Nationalism]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
Smith, Anthony. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. New York: Blackwell.
Tokutomi, Soho. 1894. Dai Nihon Bocho-ron [Expansion of Great Japan]. Tokyo: Katei Zasshisha.
Tokutomi, Iichiro (Soho). 1935. Soho Jiden [Autobiography of Soho Tokutomi]. Tokyo: Chuo Koronsha.
Tsuboi, Mutsuko. 2015. «"Nation" no Hon-yaku: Meiji-ki ni okeru Hon-yaku-go no Soshutsu to Kindai Ideorogii no Kochiku» [«Contextualizing Translation of "Nation": Creation of New Words and Development of Modern Ideology in the Meiji Era»]. Tsuyaku Hon-yaku Kenkyu 15: 147-171.
Tsuboi, M. (2019). Nacionalismo y etnicidad en el Japón moderno: traducción e ideología a finales del siglo xix. CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria De Traducción Interpretación Y Comunicación Intercultural, 5(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.14201/clina2019512744
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