Diagnóstico del hiperparatiroidismo primario
Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Describir la etiopatogenia y el diagnóstico diferencial entre el hiperparatiroidismo primario y otras causas de hipercalcemia. Síntesis: El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPP) es una enfermedad endocrina frecuente, que se define de forma convencional como la existencia de hipercalcemia en presencia de niveles elevados de hormona paratiroidea (PTH). Aunque la forma más común de presentación en la actualidad sea como hipercalcemia asintomática, la elevada morbilidad asociada con esta patología requiere que se realice un diagnóstico precoz y preciso, tanto de la etiología como de sus complicaciones, para poder llevar a cabo un manejo adecuado de los pacientes afectados.
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1- Walker MD, Silverberg SJ. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018; 14(2):115-25.
2- Cusano NE, Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Densitom. 2013; 16(1):33-9.
3- Muñoz-Torres M, García-Martín A. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Med Clin (Barc). 2018; 150(6):226-32.
4- Muñoz Torres M, Jodar Gimeno E, Reyes Garcia R, Martínez Diaz Guerra G, Amado JA, Gaztambide S, Quesada Gómez JM; Calcium Study Group. Results from a national survey on the management of primary hyperparathyroidism. J Endocrinol Invest. 2012; 35(11):957-63.
5- Marcocci C, Cetani F. Clinical practice. Primary hyperparathyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365(25):2389-97.
6- Insogna KL. Primary Hyperparathyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(11):1050-9.
7- Bilezikian JP. Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 103(11):3993-4004.
8- Silverberg SJ, Shane E, Jacobs TP, Siris ES, Gartenberg F, Seldin D, Clemens TL, Bilezikian JP. Nephrolithiasis and bone involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med. 1990; 89(3):327-34.
9- Bilezikian JP, Khan AA, Potts JT Jr; Third International Workshop on the Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperthyroidism. Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the third international workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94(2):335-9.
10- Maruani G, Hertig A, Paillard M, Houillier P. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: evidence for a generalized target-tissue resistance to parathyroid hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(10):4641-8.
11- Cerdà D, Peris P, Monegal A, Albaladejo C, Martínez de Osaba MJ, Surís X, Guañabens N. Increase of PTH in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Rev Clin Esp. 2011; 211(7):338-43.
12- Dimkovic NB, Wallele AA, Oreopoulos DG. Renal stone disease, elevated iPTH level and normocalcemia. Int Urol Nephrol. 2002; 34(1):135-41.
13- Mismar AA, Materazzi G, Biricotti M, Albsoul NM, Younes NA, Miccoli P. Performance of chloride/phosphate test in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Is it related to calcium level? Saudi Med J. 2013; 34(8):801-5.
14- Wang Q, Li X1, Chen H1, Yu H1, Li L1, Yin J1, Zhou J1, Li M1, Li Q1, Han J2, Wei L3, Liu F1, Bao Y1, Jia W1. The chloride/phosphate ratio combined with alkaline phosphatase as a valuable predictive marker for primary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese individuals. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):4868.
15- Haden ST, Brown EM, Hurwitz S, Scott J, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. The effects of age and gender on parathyroid hormone dynamics. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000; 52(3):329-38.
16- Christensen SE, Nissen PH, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia: a review. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011; 18(6):359-70.
17- Thomas MK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Thadhani RI, Shaw AC, Deraska DJ, Kitch BT, Vamvakas EC, Dick IM, Prince RL, Finkelstein JS. Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338(12):777-83.
18- Walker MD, Dempster DW, McMahon DJ, Udesky J, Shane E, Bilezikian JP, Silverberg SJ. Effect of renal function on skeletal health in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 97(5):1501-7.
19- Coe FL, Canterbury JM, Firpo JJ, Reiss E. Evidence for secondary hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic hypercalciuria. J Clin Invest. 1973; 52(1):134-42.
20- Griebeler ML, Kearns AE, Ryu E, Thapa P, Hathcock MA, Melton LJ 3rd, Wermers RA. Thiazide-Associated Hypercalcemia: Incidence and Association With Primary Hyperparathyroidism Over Two Decades. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101(3): 1166-73.
21- Vasikaran SD. Bisphosphonates: an overview with special reference to alendronate. Ann Clin Biochem. 2001; 38(Pt 6):608-23.
22- McClung MR, Lewiecki EM, Cohen SB, Bolognese MA, Woodson GC, Moffett AH, Peacock M, Miller PD, Lederman SN, Chesnut CH, Lain D, Kivitz AJ, Holloway DL, Zhang C, Peterson MC, Bekker PJ; AMG 162 Bone Loss Study Group. Denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354(8):821-31.
23- Meehan AD, Udumyan R, Kardell M, Landén M, Järhult J, Wallin G. Lithium-Associated Hypercalcemia: Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Management. World J Surg. 2018; 42(2):415-24.
24- Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, Silverberg SJ, Udelsman R, Marcocci C, Potts JT Jr. Guidelines for the Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement from the Fourth International Workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99(10): 3561-69.
2- Cusano NE, Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Densitom. 2013; 16(1):33-9.
3- Muñoz-Torres M, García-Martín A. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Med Clin (Barc). 2018; 150(6):226-32.
4- Muñoz Torres M, Jodar Gimeno E, Reyes Garcia R, Martínez Diaz Guerra G, Amado JA, Gaztambide S, Quesada Gómez JM; Calcium Study Group. Results from a national survey on the management of primary hyperparathyroidism. J Endocrinol Invest. 2012; 35(11):957-63.
5- Marcocci C, Cetani F. Clinical practice. Primary hyperparathyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365(25):2389-97.
6- Insogna KL. Primary Hyperparathyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(11):1050-9.
7- Bilezikian JP. Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 103(11):3993-4004.
8- Silverberg SJ, Shane E, Jacobs TP, Siris ES, Gartenberg F, Seldin D, Clemens TL, Bilezikian JP. Nephrolithiasis and bone involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med. 1990; 89(3):327-34.
9- Bilezikian JP, Khan AA, Potts JT Jr; Third International Workshop on the Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperthyroidism. Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the third international workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94(2):335-9.
10- Maruani G, Hertig A, Paillard M, Houillier P. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: evidence for a generalized target-tissue resistance to parathyroid hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(10):4641-8.
11- Cerdà D, Peris P, Monegal A, Albaladejo C, Martínez de Osaba MJ, Surís X, Guañabens N. Increase of PTH in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Rev Clin Esp. 2011; 211(7):338-43.
12- Dimkovic NB, Wallele AA, Oreopoulos DG. Renal stone disease, elevated iPTH level and normocalcemia. Int Urol Nephrol. 2002; 34(1):135-41.
13- Mismar AA, Materazzi G, Biricotti M, Albsoul NM, Younes NA, Miccoli P. Performance of chloride/phosphate test in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Is it related to calcium level? Saudi Med J. 2013; 34(8):801-5.
14- Wang Q, Li X1, Chen H1, Yu H1, Li L1, Yin J1, Zhou J1, Li M1, Li Q1, Han J2, Wei L3, Liu F1, Bao Y1, Jia W1. The chloride/phosphate ratio combined with alkaline phosphatase as a valuable predictive marker for primary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese individuals. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):4868.
15- Haden ST, Brown EM, Hurwitz S, Scott J, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. The effects of age and gender on parathyroid hormone dynamics. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000; 52(3):329-38.
16- Christensen SE, Nissen PH, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia: a review. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011; 18(6):359-70.
17- Thomas MK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Thadhani RI, Shaw AC, Deraska DJ, Kitch BT, Vamvakas EC, Dick IM, Prince RL, Finkelstein JS. Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338(12):777-83.
18- Walker MD, Dempster DW, McMahon DJ, Udesky J, Shane E, Bilezikian JP, Silverberg SJ. Effect of renal function on skeletal health in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 97(5):1501-7.
19- Coe FL, Canterbury JM, Firpo JJ, Reiss E. Evidence for secondary hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic hypercalciuria. J Clin Invest. 1973; 52(1):134-42.
20- Griebeler ML, Kearns AE, Ryu E, Thapa P, Hathcock MA, Melton LJ 3rd, Wermers RA. Thiazide-Associated Hypercalcemia: Incidence and Association With Primary Hyperparathyroidism Over Two Decades. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101(3): 1166-73.
21- Vasikaran SD. Bisphosphonates: an overview with special reference to alendronate. Ann Clin Biochem. 2001; 38(Pt 6):608-23.
22- McClung MR, Lewiecki EM, Cohen SB, Bolognese MA, Woodson GC, Moffett AH, Peacock M, Miller PD, Lederman SN, Chesnut CH, Lain D, Kivitz AJ, Holloway DL, Zhang C, Peterson MC, Bekker PJ; AMG 162 Bone Loss Study Group. Denosumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354(8):821-31.
23- Meehan AD, Udumyan R, Kardell M, Landén M, Järhult J, Wallin G. Lithium-Associated Hypercalcemia: Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Management. World J Surg. 2018; 42(2):415-24.
24- Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, Silverberg SJ, Udelsman R, Marcocci C, Potts JT Jr. Guidelines for the Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement from the Fourth International Workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99(10): 3561-69.
Delgado-Gómez, M., De La Hoz-Guerra, S., Garcia-Duque, M., Vega-Blanco, M., & Blanco-Urbaneja, I. (2019). Diagnóstico del hiperparatiroidismo primario. Revista ORL, 11(3), 347–359. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.21428
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