Mapping Attribution across Texts: the Particle ‘according to’ in Science Popularizations and editorials from The Guardian
Abstract
The confluence of new technologies and the necessity to reach mass audiences have driven the genre of science popularization to unprecedented levels of dissemination. The popularization of science is normally carried out by journalists who write in scientific sections of newspapers and other written media and act as mediators between scientists and lay people (Gil Salom 2000-2001, 443). They achieve this aim by elaborating discourse through a series of linguistic and discursive choices that transform raw scientific facts into easily comprehensible texts (McCabe and Heilman 2007, 139). In the contrastive study we present here, we aim to contribute to a better characterization of one of these discursive choices, namely explicit attribution, and, at the same time, to identify the elements which most frequently accompany the discourse marker ‘according to’. For these purposes, we have analyzed a corpus of science popularizations and a corpus of editorials from the newspaper The Guardian, comparing the frequency of appearance of this attributive particle both in the first paragraphs, and throughout the rest of the text.
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CALDAS-COULTHARD, Carmen Rosa. 1994. «On Reporting Reporting: the Representation of Speech in Factual and Factional Narratives». In Advances in Written Text Analysis, ed. by Malcom COULTHARD. London: Routledge, 295-308.
CALSAMIGLIA, Helena and Carmen LÓPEZ FERRERO. 2003. «Role and Position in Scientific Voices: Reported Speech in the Media». Discourse Studies 5 (2): 147-173.
CONRAD, Susan and Douglas BIBER. 1999. «Adverbial Marking of Stance in Speech and Writing». In Evaluation in Text, ed. by Susan HUNSTON and Geoff THOMPSON. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 56-73.
GARCÍA RIAZA, Blanca and Izaskun ELORZA. 2010. «The Construction of Discourse in Science Popularizations in The Guardian: Thematisation and Attribution Sources». Paper presented at the XXVIII Congreso AESLA. Vigo, April 15-17.
GIL SALOM, Luz. 2000-2001. «El discurso de la ciencia y la tecnología: el artículo científico de investigación vs. el artículo de divulgación científica». RESLA 14: 429-449.
HALLIDAY, Michael Alexander. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
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HO-DAC, Lydia-Mai. 2008. «Discourse Organisation though Theme Position». In Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Systemic Functional Linguistics Conference and Workshop, Saarbrücken, Germany, ed. by Erich STEINER and Stella NEUMANN. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://scidok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2008/1691/.
HOEY, Michael. 2005. Lexical Priming. London: Routledge.
HUNSTON, Susan and Geoff THOMPSON. 1999. Evaluation in Text. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
HYLAND, Ken 2000. Disciplinary Discourses. Social Interaction in Academic Writing. London: Longman.
KIM, CHUL-KYU and Geoff THOMPSON. 2010. «Obligation and Reader Involvement in English and Korean Science Popularizations: a Corpus-based Cross-cultural Text Analysis». Text & Talk 30 (1): 53-73.
MAHLBERG, Michaela and Matthew O’DONNELL. 2008. «A Fresh View of the Structure of Hard News Stories». In Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Systemic Functional Linguistics Conference and Workshop, Saarbrücken, Germany, ed. by Erich STEINER and Stella NEUMANN. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://scidok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2008/1700/.
MCCABE, Anne and Karl HEILMAN. 2007. «Textual and Interpersonal Differences between a News Report and an Editorial». Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses 20: 139-156.
MCENERY, Tony and Andrew WILSON. 2001 [1996]. Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh Textbooks in Empirical Linguistics. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press.
MYERS, Greg. 1990 «Making a Discovery: Narratives of Split Genes». In Narrative in Culture. The Uses of Storytelling in the Sciences, Philosophy, and Literature, ed. by Christopher NASH. London: Routledge, 102-126.
MYERS, Greg. 1994. «Narratives of Science and Nature in Popularizing Molecular Genetics». In Advances in Written Text Analysis, ed. by Malcolm COULTHARD. London: Routledge, 179190.
MYERS, Greg. 2003. «Discourse Studies of Science Popularization: Questioning the Boundaries». Discourse Studies 5 (2): 265-279.
PEARSON, Jennifer. 1998. Terms in Context, Studies in Corpus Linguistics 1. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
SCOTT, Michael. 2004-2005. WordSmith Tools, Version 4.0. Oxford: Oxford University Press, [Software].
SCOTT, Michael and Christopher Tribble. 2006. Textual Patterns. Key Words and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. Studies in Corpus Linguistics 22. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
SINCLAIR, John McHardy. 1991. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
STUBBS, Michael. 1996. Text and Corpus Analysis: Computer-assisted Studies of Language and Culture. Oxford/Malden: Blackwell.
CALDAS-COULTHARD, Carmen Rosa. 1994. «On Reporting Reporting: the Representation of Speech in Factual and Factional Narratives». In Advances in Written Text Analysis, ed. by Malcom COULTHARD. London: Routledge, 295-308.
CALSAMIGLIA, Helena and Carmen LÓPEZ FERRERO. 2003. «Role and Position in Scientific Voices: Reported Speech in the Media». Discourse Studies 5 (2): 147-173.
CONRAD, Susan and Douglas BIBER. 1999. «Adverbial Marking of Stance in Speech and Writing». In Evaluation in Text, ed. by Susan HUNSTON and Geoff THOMPSON. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 56-73.
GARCÍA RIAZA, Blanca and Izaskun ELORZA. 2010. «The Construction of Discourse in Science Popularizations in The Guardian: Thematisation and Attribution Sources». Paper presented at the XXVIII Congreso AESLA. Vigo, April 15-17.
GIL SALOM, Luz. 2000-2001. «El discurso de la ciencia y la tecnología: el artículo científico de investigación vs. el artículo de divulgación científica». RESLA 14: 429-449.
HALLIDAY, Michael Alexander. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
HALLIDAY, Michael Alexander and Christian MATTHIESSEN. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. 3rd Revised Edition. London: Edward Arnold.
HO-DAC, Lydia-Mai. 2008. «Discourse Organisation though Theme Position». In Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Systemic Functional Linguistics Conference and Workshop, Saarbrücken, Germany, ed. by Erich STEINER and Stella NEUMANN. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://scidok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2008/1691/.
HOEY, Michael. 2005. Lexical Priming. London: Routledge.
HUNSTON, Susan and Geoff THOMPSON. 1999. Evaluation in Text. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
HYLAND, Ken 2000. Disciplinary Discourses. Social Interaction in Academic Writing. London: Longman.
KIM, CHUL-KYU and Geoff THOMPSON. 2010. «Obligation and Reader Involvement in English and Korean Science Popularizations: a Corpus-based Cross-cultural Text Analysis». Text & Talk 30 (1): 53-73.
MAHLBERG, Michaela and Matthew O’DONNELL. 2008. «A Fresh View of the Structure of Hard News Stories». In Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Systemic Functional Linguistics Conference and Workshop, Saarbrücken, Germany, ed. by Erich STEINER and Stella NEUMANN. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://scidok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2008/1700/.
MCCABE, Anne and Karl HEILMAN. 2007. «Textual and Interpersonal Differences between a News Report and an Editorial». Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses 20: 139-156.
MCENERY, Tony and Andrew WILSON. 2001 [1996]. Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh Textbooks in Empirical Linguistics. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press.
MYERS, Greg. 1990 «Making a Discovery: Narratives of Split Genes». In Narrative in Culture. The Uses of Storytelling in the Sciences, Philosophy, and Literature, ed. by Christopher NASH. London: Routledge, 102-126.
MYERS, Greg. 1994. «Narratives of Science and Nature in Popularizing Molecular Genetics». In Advances in Written Text Analysis, ed. by Malcolm COULTHARD. London: Routledge, 179190.
MYERS, Greg. 2003. «Discourse Studies of Science Popularization: Questioning the Boundaries». Discourse Studies 5 (2): 265-279.
PEARSON, Jennifer. 1998. Terms in Context, Studies in Corpus Linguistics 1. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
SCOTT, Michael. 2004-2005. WordSmith Tools, Version 4.0. Oxford: Oxford University Press, [Software].
SCOTT, Michael and Christopher Tribble. 2006. Textual Patterns. Key Words and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. Studies in Corpus Linguistics 22. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
SINCLAIR, John McHardy. 1991. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
STUBBS, Michael. 1996. Text and Corpus Analysis: Computer-assisted Studies of Language and Culture. Oxford/Malden: Blackwell.
García Riaza, B. (2015). Mapping Attribution across Texts: the Particle ‘according to’ in Science Popularizations and editorials from The Guardian. CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria De Traducción Interpretación Y Comunicación Intercultural, 1(2), 69–86. Retrieved from https://revistas.usal.es/dos/index.php/clina/article/view/13970
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