«Gather Those Flowers»: William Shakespeare’s Cymbeline In Salvador Espriu’s Mrs. Death
Abstract The Catalan poet Salvador Espriu opened his book Mrs. Death with a line from Cymbeline: «Whiles yet the dew’s on ground, gather those flowers». This epigraph may lead to examining key images and themes in Espriu’s book, bringing them into relation with Shakespeare’s play and with Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway. In giving to death connotations of relief, Espriu’s poems are close to the dirge sung by Guiderius and Arviragus, quo?ted at crucial points of Mrs. Dalloway («Fear no more»). Two of the central themes of the novel, death and the destructive power of war, would define Espriu’s work very precisely. Also worth considering are the appeal that some of Shakespeare’s characters (especially, Posthumus and Cornelius) must have had for Espriu and the emphasis on peace and forgiveness in the last scene of the play, which can be associated with Espriu’s hopes for Catalonia and Spain after the Civil War.
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BATISTA, Antoni. Salvador Espriu: itinerari personal. Barcelona: Empúries, 1985.
BUTLER, Martin. «Introduction». In sHakespeare, William. Cymbeline. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 1-72.
CUNNINGHAM, Valentine. «Introduction». In WoolF, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway.
London: Vintage, 2004, pp. xv-xxiii.
DUFY, Carol Ann. «Introduction». In WoolF, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. London:
Vintage, 2004, pp. xi-xiv.
ESPRIU, Salvador. «Pròleg». In Años de aprendizaje. Poesía 1. Obras completas. Trans. Andrés Sánchez Robayna and Ramón Pinyol Balasch. Sant Boi de Llobregat: Edicions del Mall, 1980, pp. 6-10.
— Obres completes. Anys d’aprenentatge I. Poesia 1. Ed. Francesc Vallverdú. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 1985.
FUSTER, Joan. «Introducció a la poesia de Salvador Espriu». In espriu, Salvador. Salvador Espriu. Obra poètica. Barcelona: Albertí, 1963, pp. xiii-xxii.
GODAYOL, Pilar. «Traductores de Virginia Woolf al català» (abstract). In xIvè Col•loqui de l’Associació Internacional de Llengua i Cultura Catalanes (Budapest, 2006). <http://aillcbudapest.elte.hu/index.php?oldal=programa_cientific/GO DAYOL _PILAR.html&vissza=2> (28 abril 2013).
PÀNIKER, Salvador. «Salvador Espriu dins Conversaciones en Catalunya». In reina, Francesc (ed.). Enquestes i entrevistes, i (1933-1973), 2 vols. Barcelona: Centre de Documentació i Estudi Salvador Espriu/Edicions 62, 1995, Ediciones, pp. 83-90.
SHAKESPEARE, William. Cymbeline. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
THORNE, William Barry. «Cymbeline: “Lopp’d Branches” and the Concept of Regeneration». Shakespeare Quarterly, 1969, 20, pp. 143-159.
VALLVERDÚ, Francesc.
«Introduction». In Selected Poems of Salvador Espriu. Ed. and trans. Magda Bogin. New York: Norton, 1989, pp. xxv-xxxiii.
WOOLF, Virginia. Mrs Dalloway. London: Vintage, 2004.
BUTLER, Martin. «Introduction». In sHakespeare, William. Cymbeline. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 1-72.
CUNNINGHAM, Valentine. «Introduction». In WoolF, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway.
London: Vintage, 2004, pp. xv-xxiii.
DUFY, Carol Ann. «Introduction». In WoolF, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. London:
Vintage, 2004, pp. xi-xiv.
ESPRIU, Salvador. «Pròleg». In Años de aprendizaje. Poesía 1. Obras completas. Trans. Andrés Sánchez Robayna and Ramón Pinyol Balasch. Sant Boi de Llobregat: Edicions del Mall, 1980, pp. 6-10.
— Obres completes. Anys d’aprenentatge I. Poesia 1. Ed. Francesc Vallverdú. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 1985.
FUSTER, Joan. «Introducció a la poesia de Salvador Espriu». In espriu, Salvador. Salvador Espriu. Obra poètica. Barcelona: Albertí, 1963, pp. xiii-xxii.
GODAYOL, Pilar. «Traductores de Virginia Woolf al català» (abstract). In xIvè Col•loqui de l’Associació Internacional de Llengua i Cultura Catalanes (Budapest, 2006). <http://aillcbudapest.elte.hu/index.php?oldal=programa_cientific/GO DAYOL _PILAR.html&vissza=2> (28 abril 2013).
PÀNIKER, Salvador. «Salvador Espriu dins Conversaciones en Catalunya». In reina, Francesc (ed.). Enquestes i entrevistes, i (1933-1973), 2 vols. Barcelona: Centre de Documentació i Estudi Salvador Espriu/Edicions 62, 1995, Ediciones, pp. 83-90.
SHAKESPEARE, William. Cymbeline. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
THORNE, William Barry. «Cymbeline: “Lopp’d Branches” and the Concept of Regeneration». Shakespeare Quarterly, 1969, 20, pp. 143-159.
VALLVERDÚ, Francesc.
«Introduction». In Selected Poems of Salvador Espriu. Ed. and trans. Magda Bogin. New York: Norton, 1989, pp. xxv-xxxiii.
WOOLF, Virginia. Mrs Dalloway. London: Vintage, 2004.
Llorens Cubedo, D. (2015). «Gather Those Flowers»: William Shakespeare’s Cymbeline In Salvador Espriu’s Mrs. Death. 1616: Anuario De Literatura Comparada, 3, 189–209. Retrieved from https://revistas.usal.es/dos/index.php/1616_Anuario_Literatura_Comp/article/view/12453
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