Socio-environmental conflict and contentious politics: framing of the environmental crisis of red tide bloom in Chiloé (Chile)
Abstract This article analyzes the news frame given to the environmental and social crisis linked to the red tide bloom that occurred in Chiloé, during 2016, from the framing theory, and its tension with the social movement’s frame. The way in which the elite media covered this socio-environmental crisis is compared with the way in which the social movement of fishermen and citizens framed the crisis. The results indicate that the movement focuses on a framework of socio-environmental conflict, emphasizing the origin of the crisis in the productive model of the area. On the other hand, the elite media build two frames. The first, focused on emphasizing that the crisis has its origin in a cyclical natural phenomenon, while the second highlights the conflictive aspects of social protest and the crisis as a public security problem.
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Armstrong, E. Kate y Ritchie, Brent. The heart recovery marketing campaign: Destination recovery after a major bushfire in Australia's national capital. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2008, vol. 23 (2-4): 175-189. - https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v23n02_14
Barton, Jonathan R. y Fløysand, Arnt. The political ecology of Chilean salmon aquaculture, 1982-2010: A trajectory from economic development to global sustainability. Global Environmental Change, 2010, vol. 20 (4): 739-752. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.001
Barton, Jonathan R. y Román, Álvaro. Sustainable development? Salmon aquaculture and late modernity in the archipelago of Chiloé, Chile. Island Studies Journal, 2016, vol. 11 (2): 651-672.
Benford, Robert D. y Snow, David A. Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual review of sociology, 2000, vol. 26 (1): 611-639. - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611
Bernedo, Patricio y Porath, William. A tres décadas del golpe: ¿Cómo contribuyó la prensa al quiebre de la democracia chilena? Cuadernos de información, 2003, vol. 16-17: 114-124.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Contra la política de despolitización. Ecología Política, 2001, vol. 21: 99-102.
Bronstein, Carolyn. Representing the third wave: Mainstream print media framing of a new feminist movement. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2005, vol. 82 (4): 783-803. - https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200403
Bustos-Gallardo, Beatriz. The post 2008 Chilean Salmon industry: an example of an enclave economy. The Geographical Journal, 2017, vol. 183 (2): 152-163. - https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12204
Cabalín, Cristián. Estudiantes conectados y movilizados: El uso de Facebook en las protestas estudiantiles en Chile. Comunicar, 2014, vol. 21 (43): 25-33.
Cabello, Patricio y Moncada, Dafne. Redes de sentido y medios alternativos: la comunidad como productora de opinión pública. En Cottet, Pablo (ed.). Opinión pública contemporánea. Santiago de Chile: Social Ediciones, facso Universidad de Chile, 2018: 55-82.
Cabello, Patricio y Torres, Rodrigo. Conflictos socioambientales y acción colectiva de jóvenes de la región de Los Lagos (Chile). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 2015, vol. 6 (2): 253-277. - https://doi.org/10.21501/22161201.1705
Charmaz, Kathy. Constructing grounded theory. Londres: Sage, 2014 [2006].
Chong, Dennis y Druckman, James N. Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 2007, vol. 10: 103-126. - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
Chouliaraki, Lilie y Fairclough, Norman. Critical discourse analysis in organizational studies: Towards an integrationist methodology. Journal of management studies, 2010, vol. 47 (6): 1213-1218. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00883.x
Costanza-Chock, Sasha. Mic check! Media cultures and the Occupy movement. Social movement studies, 2012, vol. 11 (3-4): 375-385. - https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2012.710746
Costanza-Chock, Sasha. Transmedia mobilization in the Popular Association of the Oaxacan Peoples, Los Angeles. En Cammaerts, Bart; Mattoni, Alice y Mccurdy, Patrick (eds.). Mediation and protest movements. Chicago: Intellect Books, 2013: 95-114.
Doudaki, Vaia. Legitimation mechanisms in the bailout discourse. Javnost-The Public, 2015, vol. 22 (1): 1-17. - https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2015.1017284
Entman, Robert M. Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of communication, 2007, vol. 57 (1): 163-173. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x
Fairclough, Norman. Language and neo-liberalism. Discourse & Society, 2000, vol. 11 (2): 147-148. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926500011002001
Fairclough, Norman. Metapragmatics, hidden assumptions, and moral economy. En Allan, Keith; Capone, Alessandro y Kecskés, István (eds.). Pragmemes and theories of language use. Springer International Publishing. Cham, Suiza: Springer, 2016: 191-208. - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43491-9_11
Fairclough, Norman y Wodak, Ruth. Ana?lisis cri?tico del discurso. En Van Dijk, Teun (ed.). El discurso como interacción social. Barcelona: Gedisa, 2000: 367-404.
Fløysand, Arnt; Haarstad, Håvard y Barton, Jonathan. Global economic imperatives, crisis generation and local spaces of engagement in the Chilean aquaculture industry. Norwegian Journal of Geography, 2010, vol. 64 (4): 199-210. - https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2010.528226
Fong, Yang Lai; Jeon, Sohee y Sulaiman, Wan. Framing of Sewol ferry tragedy: a comparative analysis of South Korean newspapers. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 2016, vol. 32 (2): 715-748.
García, Carolina. El peso de la memoria en los inicios de la transición a la democracia en Chile 1987-1989. Historia, 2006, vol. 39 (2): 431-275.
Gimmler, Antje. Deliberative democracy, the public sphere and the internet. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 2001, vol. 27 (4): 21-39. - https://doi.org/10.1177/019145370102700402
Goffman, Erving. Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Gross, Kimberly y Brewer, Paul. Sore losers: News frames, policy debates, and emotions. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 2007, vol. 12 (1): 122-133. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06297231
Hedley, Mark y Clark, Sara. The microlevel discourse of social movement framing: debating antiwar protests on a university listserv. Sociological Focus, 2007, vol. 40 (1): 26-47. - https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2007.10571297
Hilgartner, Stephen y Bosk, Charles. The rise and fall of social problems: A public arenas model. American journal of Sociology, 1988, vol. 94 (1): 53-78. - https://doi.org/10.1086/228951
Honneth, Axel. Reificación. Un estudio en la teoría del reconocimiento. Buenos Aires: Katz, 2007.
Houston, J. Brian; Pfefferbaum, Betty y Rosenholtz, Cathy. Disaster news: Framing and frame changing in coverage of major us natural disasters, 2000-2010. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2012, vol. 89 (4): 606-623. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699012456022
Iversen, Roberta y Armstrong, Annie. Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans: What might a sociological embeddedness perspective offer disaster research and planning? Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2008, vol. 8 (1): 183-209. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00164.x
Kyriakidou, Maria y Olivas, José Javier. The Indignados protests in the Spanish and Greek press: Moving beyond the 'protest paradigm'? European Journal of Communication, 2017, vol. 32 (59): 457-472. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323117720342
Loreti, Damián. América Latina y la libertad de expresión. Buenos Aires: Editorial Norma, 2005.
Lugo-Ocando, Jairo; Guedes, Olga y Ca-izález, Andrés. Framing revolution and re-framing counter-revolution: History, context and journalism in the new left-wing Latin American paradigm. Journalism Practice, 2011, vol. 5 (5): 599-612. - https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.601912
Lunt, Peter y Livingstone, Sonia. Media studies' fascination with the concept of the public sphere: Critical reflections and emerging debates. Media, Culture & Society, 2013, vol. 35 (1), 87-96. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443712464562
Mastrini, Guillermo y Becerra, Martín. Periodistas y magnates: estructura y concentración de las industrias culturales en América Latina. Buenos Aires: Prometeo, 2006.
Mattoni, Alice. Repertoires of communication in social movement processes. En Cammaerts, Bart; Mattoni, Alice y McCurdy, Patrick (eds.). Mediation and protest movements. Chicago: Intellect Books, 2013: 39-56.
Mayorga, A. J.; Del Valle Rojas, C. y Nitrihual Valdebenito, L. Concentración de la propiedad de los medios de comunicación en Chile. La compleja relación entre oligopolio y democracia. Anagramas, 2010, vol. 9 (17): 131-141. - https://doi.org/10.22395/angr.v9n17a10
Mellado, Claudia; Cabello, Patricio y Torres, Rodrigo. Modelos periodísticos y el uso de actores y fuentes en la cobertura de asuntos sociales en la postdictadura chilena (1990-2010). Comunicación y Sociedad, 2017, vol. 28: 59-86.
Mellado, Claudia y Lagos, Claudia. Professional roles in news content: Analyzing journalistic performance in the Chilean national press. International Journal of Communication, 2014, vol. 8: 2090-2112.
Mellado, Claudia y Van Dalen, Arjen. Between rhetoric and practice: Explaining the gap between role conception and performance in journalism. Journalism Studies, 2014, vol. 15 (6): 859-878. - https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2013.838046
Molotch, Harvey y Lester, Marilyn. Accidental news: The great oil spill as local occurrence and national event. American Journal of Sociology, 1975, vol. 81 (2): 235-260. - https://doi.org/10.1086/226073
Moscato, Derek. Media portrayals of hashtag activism: A framing analysis of Canada's #Idlenomore Movement. Media and Communication, 2016, vol. 4 (2): 3-12. - https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i2.416
Pearlman, David y Melnik, Olga. Hurricane Katrina's effect on the perception of New Orleans leisure tourists. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2008, vol. 25 (1): 58-67. - https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400802164905
Prévôt-Schapira, Marie-France. Amérique latine: conflits et environnement, «quelque chose de plus». Problèmes d'Amérique latine, 2008, n.º 4: 5-11.
Pyles, Loretta y Harding, Scott. Discourses of post-Katrina reconstruction: a frame analysis. Community Development Journal, 2011, vol. 47 (3): 335-352. - https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsr023
Rovira-Sancho, Guiomar. Activismo mediático y criminalización de la protesta: medios y movimientos sociales en México. Convergencia, 2013, vol. 20 (61): 35-60.
Semetko, Holli A. y Valkenburg, Patti M. Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 2000, vol. 50 (2): 93-109. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x
Snow, David et al. Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 1986, vol. 51 (4): 464-481. - https://doi.org/10.2307/2095581
Snow, David y Benford, Robert. Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization. International social movement research, 1988, vol. 1 (1): 197-217.
Spijkers, Jessica y Boonstra, Wiebren J. Environmental change and social conflict: the northeast Atlantic mackerel dispute. Regional Environmental Change, 2017, vol. 17 (6): 1835-1851. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1150-4
Squires, Catherine R. Bursting the bubble: A case study of counter-framing in the editorial pages. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 2011, vol. 28 (1): 30-49. - https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2010.544613
Strauss, Anselm L.; Corbin, Juliet y Zimmerman, Eva. Bases de la investigación cualitativa: técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Medellín: Universidad de Antioquia, 2002.
Tarrow, Sidney. El poder en movimiento. Los movimientos sociales, la acción colectiva y la política. Madrid: Alianza, 1997.
Thomas, Tracey L. et al. Uncharted Waters: Communicating Health Risks During the 2014 West Virginia Water Crisis. Journal of Health Communication, 2016, vol. 21 (9): 1062-1070. - https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1209600
Tilly, Charles y Tarrow, Sidney. Contentious Politics. New York: Oxford University Press (2.ª ed.), 2015.
Tilly, Charles y Wood, Lesley. Los movimientos sociales 1768-2008: Desde sus orígenes a Facebook. Barcelona: Crítica, 2009.
Torres, Sergio. Hay un dios que todo lo compra: Identidad y memoria de Chiloé en el siglo xxi. Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales, 2017, vol. 12: 145-158.
Valdes-Donoso, Pablo et al. Co-infection patterns of infectious salmon anaemia and sea lice in farmed Atlantic salmon in southern Chile (2007-2009). Journal of fish diseases, 2013, vol. 36 (3): 353-360. - https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12070
Vicari, Stefania. Measuring collective action frames: A linguistic approach to frame analysis. Poetics, 2010, vol. 38 (5): 504-525. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2010.07.002
Villanueva et al. Informe final. Chile: Universidad de Los Lagos, Comisión Marea Roja, 2016.
Walters, Gabrielle; Mair, Judith y Lim, Joshua. Sensationalist media reporting of disastrous events: Implications for tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2016, vol. 28: 3-10. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.04.008
Wright, Wynne y Reid, Taylor. Green dreams or pipe dreams?: Media framing of the us biofuels movement. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2011, vol. 35 (4): 1390-1399. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.07.020
Zamora, Justo Serrano. Articulating a Sense of Powers: An Expressivist Reading of John Dewey's Theory of Social Movements. Transaction of the Charles S. Peirce Society, 2017, vol. 53 (1): 53-70.
Barton, Jonathan R. y Fløysand, Arnt. The political ecology of Chilean salmon aquaculture, 1982-2010: A trajectory from economic development to global sustainability. Global Environmental Change, 2010, vol. 20 (4): 739-752. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.001
Barton, Jonathan R. y Román, Álvaro. Sustainable development? Salmon aquaculture and late modernity in the archipelago of Chiloé, Chile. Island Studies Journal, 2016, vol. 11 (2): 651-672.
Benford, Robert D. y Snow, David A. Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual review of sociology, 2000, vol. 26 (1): 611-639. - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611
Bernedo, Patricio y Porath, William. A tres décadas del golpe: ¿Cómo contribuyó la prensa al quiebre de la democracia chilena? Cuadernos de información, 2003, vol. 16-17: 114-124.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Contra la política de despolitización. Ecología Política, 2001, vol. 21: 99-102.
Bronstein, Carolyn. Representing the third wave: Mainstream print media framing of a new feminist movement. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2005, vol. 82 (4): 783-803. - https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200403
Bustos-Gallardo, Beatriz. The post 2008 Chilean Salmon industry: an example of an enclave economy. The Geographical Journal, 2017, vol. 183 (2): 152-163. - https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12204
Cabalín, Cristián. Estudiantes conectados y movilizados: El uso de Facebook en las protestas estudiantiles en Chile. Comunicar, 2014, vol. 21 (43): 25-33.
Cabello, Patricio y Moncada, Dafne. Redes de sentido y medios alternativos: la comunidad como productora de opinión pública. En Cottet, Pablo (ed.). Opinión pública contemporánea. Santiago de Chile: Social Ediciones, facso Universidad de Chile, 2018: 55-82.
Cabello, Patricio y Torres, Rodrigo. Conflictos socioambientales y acción colectiva de jóvenes de la región de Los Lagos (Chile). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 2015, vol. 6 (2): 253-277. - https://doi.org/10.21501/22161201.1705
Charmaz, Kathy. Constructing grounded theory. Londres: Sage, 2014 [2006].
Chong, Dennis y Druckman, James N. Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 2007, vol. 10: 103-126. - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
Chouliaraki, Lilie y Fairclough, Norman. Critical discourse analysis in organizational studies: Towards an integrationist methodology. Journal of management studies, 2010, vol. 47 (6): 1213-1218. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00883.x
Costanza-Chock, Sasha. Mic check! Media cultures and the Occupy movement. Social movement studies, 2012, vol. 11 (3-4): 375-385. - https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2012.710746
Costanza-Chock, Sasha. Transmedia mobilization in the Popular Association of the Oaxacan Peoples, Los Angeles. En Cammaerts, Bart; Mattoni, Alice y Mccurdy, Patrick (eds.). Mediation and protest movements. Chicago: Intellect Books, 2013: 95-114.
Doudaki, Vaia. Legitimation mechanisms in the bailout discourse. Javnost-The Public, 2015, vol. 22 (1): 1-17. - https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2015.1017284
Entman, Robert M. Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of communication, 2007, vol. 57 (1): 163-173. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x
Fairclough, Norman. Language and neo-liberalism. Discourse & Society, 2000, vol. 11 (2): 147-148. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926500011002001
Fairclough, Norman. Metapragmatics, hidden assumptions, and moral economy. En Allan, Keith; Capone, Alessandro y Kecskés, István (eds.). Pragmemes and theories of language use. Springer International Publishing. Cham, Suiza: Springer, 2016: 191-208. - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43491-9_11
Fairclough, Norman y Wodak, Ruth. Ana?lisis cri?tico del discurso. En Van Dijk, Teun (ed.). El discurso como interacción social. Barcelona: Gedisa, 2000: 367-404.
Fløysand, Arnt; Haarstad, Håvard y Barton, Jonathan. Global economic imperatives, crisis generation and local spaces of engagement in the Chilean aquaculture industry. Norwegian Journal of Geography, 2010, vol. 64 (4): 199-210. - https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2010.528226
Fong, Yang Lai; Jeon, Sohee y Sulaiman, Wan. Framing of Sewol ferry tragedy: a comparative analysis of South Korean newspapers. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 2016, vol. 32 (2): 715-748.
García, Carolina. El peso de la memoria en los inicios de la transición a la democracia en Chile 1987-1989. Historia, 2006, vol. 39 (2): 431-275.
Gimmler, Antje. Deliberative democracy, the public sphere and the internet. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 2001, vol. 27 (4): 21-39. - https://doi.org/10.1177/019145370102700402
Goffman, Erving. Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Gross, Kimberly y Brewer, Paul. Sore losers: News frames, policy debates, and emotions. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 2007, vol. 12 (1): 122-133. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06297231
Hedley, Mark y Clark, Sara. The microlevel discourse of social movement framing: debating antiwar protests on a university listserv. Sociological Focus, 2007, vol. 40 (1): 26-47. - https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2007.10571297
Hilgartner, Stephen y Bosk, Charles. The rise and fall of social problems: A public arenas model. American journal of Sociology, 1988, vol. 94 (1): 53-78. - https://doi.org/10.1086/228951
Honneth, Axel. Reificación. Un estudio en la teoría del reconocimiento. Buenos Aires: Katz, 2007.
Houston, J. Brian; Pfefferbaum, Betty y Rosenholtz, Cathy. Disaster news: Framing and frame changing in coverage of major us natural disasters, 2000-2010. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2012, vol. 89 (4): 606-623. - https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699012456022
Iversen, Roberta y Armstrong, Annie. Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans: What might a sociological embeddedness perspective offer disaster research and planning? Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2008, vol. 8 (1): 183-209. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00164.x
Kyriakidou, Maria y Olivas, José Javier. The Indignados protests in the Spanish and Greek press: Moving beyond the 'protest paradigm'? European Journal of Communication, 2017, vol. 32 (59): 457-472. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323117720342
Loreti, Damián. América Latina y la libertad de expresión. Buenos Aires: Editorial Norma, 2005.
Lugo-Ocando, Jairo; Guedes, Olga y Ca-izález, Andrés. Framing revolution and re-framing counter-revolution: History, context and journalism in the new left-wing Latin American paradigm. Journalism Practice, 2011, vol. 5 (5): 599-612. - https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.601912
Lunt, Peter y Livingstone, Sonia. Media studies' fascination with the concept of the public sphere: Critical reflections and emerging debates. Media, Culture & Society, 2013, vol. 35 (1), 87-96. - https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443712464562
Mastrini, Guillermo y Becerra, Martín. Periodistas y magnates: estructura y concentración de las industrias culturales en América Latina. Buenos Aires: Prometeo, 2006.
Mattoni, Alice. Repertoires of communication in social movement processes. En Cammaerts, Bart; Mattoni, Alice y McCurdy, Patrick (eds.). Mediation and protest movements. Chicago: Intellect Books, 2013: 39-56.
Mayorga, A. J.; Del Valle Rojas, C. y Nitrihual Valdebenito, L. Concentración de la propiedad de los medios de comunicación en Chile. La compleja relación entre oligopolio y democracia. Anagramas, 2010, vol. 9 (17): 131-141. - https://doi.org/10.22395/angr.v9n17a10
Mellado, Claudia; Cabello, Patricio y Torres, Rodrigo. Modelos periodísticos y el uso de actores y fuentes en la cobertura de asuntos sociales en la postdictadura chilena (1990-2010). Comunicación y Sociedad, 2017, vol. 28: 59-86.
Mellado, Claudia y Lagos, Claudia. Professional roles in news content: Analyzing journalistic performance in the Chilean national press. International Journal of Communication, 2014, vol. 8: 2090-2112.
Mellado, Claudia y Van Dalen, Arjen. Between rhetoric and practice: Explaining the gap between role conception and performance in journalism. Journalism Studies, 2014, vol. 15 (6): 859-878. - https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2013.838046
Molotch, Harvey y Lester, Marilyn. Accidental news: The great oil spill as local occurrence and national event. American Journal of Sociology, 1975, vol. 81 (2): 235-260. - https://doi.org/10.1086/226073
Moscato, Derek. Media portrayals of hashtag activism: A framing analysis of Canada's #Idlenomore Movement. Media and Communication, 2016, vol. 4 (2): 3-12. - https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i2.416
Pearlman, David y Melnik, Olga. Hurricane Katrina's effect on the perception of New Orleans leisure tourists. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2008, vol. 25 (1): 58-67. - https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400802164905
Prévôt-Schapira, Marie-France. Amérique latine: conflits et environnement, «quelque chose de plus». Problèmes d'Amérique latine, 2008, n.º 4: 5-11.
Pyles, Loretta y Harding, Scott. Discourses of post-Katrina reconstruction: a frame analysis. Community Development Journal, 2011, vol. 47 (3): 335-352. - https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsr023
Rovira-Sancho, Guiomar. Activismo mediático y criminalización de la protesta: medios y movimientos sociales en México. Convergencia, 2013, vol. 20 (61): 35-60.
Semetko, Holli A. y Valkenburg, Patti M. Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 2000, vol. 50 (2): 93-109. - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x
Snow, David et al. Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 1986, vol. 51 (4): 464-481. - https://doi.org/10.2307/2095581
Snow, David y Benford, Robert. Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization. International social movement research, 1988, vol. 1 (1): 197-217.
Spijkers, Jessica y Boonstra, Wiebren J. Environmental change and social conflict: the northeast Atlantic mackerel dispute. Regional Environmental Change, 2017, vol. 17 (6): 1835-1851. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-017-1150-4
Squires, Catherine R. Bursting the bubble: A case study of counter-framing in the editorial pages. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 2011, vol. 28 (1): 30-49. - https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2010.544613
Strauss, Anselm L.; Corbin, Juliet y Zimmerman, Eva. Bases de la investigación cualitativa: técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Medellín: Universidad de Antioquia, 2002.
Tarrow, Sidney. El poder en movimiento. Los movimientos sociales, la acción colectiva y la política. Madrid: Alianza, 1997.
Thomas, Tracey L. et al. Uncharted Waters: Communicating Health Risks During the 2014 West Virginia Water Crisis. Journal of Health Communication, 2016, vol. 21 (9): 1062-1070. - https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1209600
Tilly, Charles y Tarrow, Sidney. Contentious Politics. New York: Oxford University Press (2.ª ed.), 2015.
Tilly, Charles y Wood, Lesley. Los movimientos sociales 1768-2008: Desde sus orígenes a Facebook. Barcelona: Crítica, 2009.
Torres, Sergio. Hay un dios que todo lo compra: Identidad y memoria de Chiloé en el siglo xxi. Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales, 2017, vol. 12: 145-158.
Valdes-Donoso, Pablo et al. Co-infection patterns of infectious salmon anaemia and sea lice in farmed Atlantic salmon in southern Chile (2007-2009). Journal of fish diseases, 2013, vol. 36 (3): 353-360. - https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12070
Vicari, Stefania. Measuring collective action frames: A linguistic approach to frame analysis. Poetics, 2010, vol. 38 (5): 504-525. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2010.07.002
Villanueva et al. Informe final. Chile: Universidad de Los Lagos, Comisión Marea Roja, 2016.
Walters, Gabrielle; Mair, Judith y Lim, Joshua. Sensationalist media reporting of disastrous events: Implications for tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 2016, vol. 28: 3-10. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.04.008
Wright, Wynne y Reid, Taylor. Green dreams or pipe dreams?: Media framing of the us biofuels movement. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2011, vol. 35 (4): 1390-1399. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.07.020
Zamora, Justo Serrano. Articulating a Sense of Powers: An Expressivist Reading of John Dewey's Theory of Social Movements. Transaction of the Charles S. Peirce Society, 2017, vol. 53 (1): 53-70.
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