Integrity of the elections in America 2012-2014
Abstract The region has been holding competitive elections in the last years. But, have all those elections been held with the same electoral integrity? If there have been problems, which are those? Are there common problems to the region or are they similar to those of the rest of the world? Is there any pattern in the elections? How do we know it? Under which methodological approach we can answer those questions? In this article, we present the results of the first expert’s survey on perceptions of election integrity to the global scale but with a specific attention to America.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00694.x
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TRANSPARENCIA INTERNACIONAL. Corruption Perceptions Index. Berlin: Transparency International, 2012.
BIRCH, Sarah. Electoral Malpractice. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
CARTER center. Study Mission to the October 7, 2012, Presidential Election in Venezuela: Final Report. Atlanta: Carter Center, 2012.
COPPEDGE, Michael. Democratization and Research Methods. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
COPPEDGE, Michael y GERRING, John, con ALTMAN, David; BERNHARD, Michael; FISH, Steven; HICKEN, Allen; KROENIG, Matthew; LINDBERG, Staffan I.; MCMANN, Kelly; PAXTON, Pamela; SEMETKO, Holli A.; SKAANING, Svend-Erik; STATON, Jeffrey y TEORELL, Jan. Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A New Approach. Perspectives on Politics, 2012, vol. 9 (2): 247-267.
DAXECKER, Ursula y SCHNEIDER, Gerald. Election Monitoring: The Implications of Multiple of Monitors for Electoral Integrity. En NORRIS, Pippa; FRANK, Richard W. y MARTÍNEZ I COMA, Ferrán (eds.). Advancing Electoral Integrity. Oxford University Press, 2014.
ELKLIT, Jørgen y REYNOLDS, Andrew. A Framework for the Systematic Study of Election Quality. Democratization, 2005, vol. 12 (2): 147-162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510340500069204
HOOGHE, Liesbet; BAKKER, Ryan; BRIGEVICH, Anna; DE VRIES, Catherine; EDWARDS, Erika; MARKS, Gary; ROVNY, Jan; STEENBERGEN, Marco y VACHUDOVA, Milada. Measurement Validity and Party positioning: Chapel Hill expert surveys of 2002 and 2006. European Journal of Political Research, 2010, vol. 42 (4): 684-703.
HYDE, Susan. D. The Pseudo-Democrat’s Dilemma. 1.ª ed. Ithaca, ee. uu.: Cornell University Press, 2011. HYDE, Susan y MARINOV, Nikolay. Which elections can be lost? Political Analysis, 20 (2): 191-210. KELLEY, Judith. Monitoring Democracy: When International Election Observation Works, and Why It Often Fails. Princeton, nj: Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.2012.0048
MARTÍNEZ I COMA, Ferran y VAN HAM, Carolien. Can experts judge elections? Testing the validity of expert judgments for measuring election integrity. European Journal of Political Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12084
MARTÍNEZ I COMA, Ferran y FRANK, Richard, w. Expert Judgments. En norris, Pippa; Frank, Richard W. y martínez i coma, Ferran (eds.). Advancing Electoral Integrity. Oxford University Press, 2014.
MEBANE, Walter. Comment on Benford’s Law and the Detection of Election Fraud. Political Analysis, 2012, vol. 19 (3): 269-272.
MUNCK, Gerardo L. Measuring Democracy: A Bridge between Scholarship and Politics. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 2009.
MUNCK, Gerardo L. y verkuilen, Jay. Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy. Comparative Political Studies, 2002, vol. 35 (1): 5-34.
NORRIS, Pippa. The new research agenda studying electoral integrity. Electoral Studies, 2014, vol. 32 (4): 563-575.
NORRIS, Pippa. Does the world agree about standards of electoral integrity? Evidence for the diffu- sion of global norms. Electoral Studies, 2014a, vol. 32 (4): 576-588.
NORRIS, Pippa. Why Electoral Integrity Matters. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014b.
NORRIS, Pippa; FRANK, Richard W. y MARTÍNEZ I COMA, Ferrán (eds.). Advancing Electoral Integrity. Oxford University Press, 2014.
SCHEDLER, Andreas. The menu of manipulation. Journal of Democracy, 2002, vol. 13 (2): 36-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.2002.0031
STEENBERGEN, Marco R. y MARKS, Gary. Evaluating expert judgments. European Journal of Political Research, 2007, vol. 46: 347-366.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00694.x
TEORELL, Jan; CHARRON, Nicholas; DAHLBERG, Stefan; HOLMBERG, Sören; ROTHSTEIN, Bo; SUNDIN, Petrus y SVENSSON Richard. The Quality of Government Dataset. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg, 2013. En línea: The Quality of Government Institute, http://www.qog.pol. gu.se. 2013. Fecha de consulta: 30 abril 2013.
TRANSPARENCIA INTERNACIONAL. Corruption Perceptions Index. Berlin: Transparency International, 2012.
Martínez I Coma, F., Norris, P., & Frank, R. W. (2015). Integrity of the elections in America 2012-2014. América Latina Hoy, 70, 37–54. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh2015703754
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