Gender Advantage in Single-member Districts: The Mexican Elections of 2012
Abstract Data from Mexican elections in 2012 show that, in single member districts, men obtain electoral advantage over women. This cannot be explained away by the different level of political experience nor by selection bias on the part of parties while nominating candidates in districts of different expected votes. It concludes there is voter bias in favor of male candidates. It is also shown the existence of additional selection bias on the part of parties, and a potential explanation based on gender-neutral seat maximization is discarded. The electoral advantage is weaker when candidates are experienced, which supports the present use of gender quotas.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298004X201168
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lap.2007.0027
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000287
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0060
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0060.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00349.x
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MAGAR, Eric. Gubernatorial Coattails in Mexican Congressional Elections. Journal of Politics, 2012, vol. 74 (2): 383-399.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611001629
SALMOND, Rob. Proportional Representation and Female Parliamentarians. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 2006, vol. 31 (2): 175-204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298006X201779
SCHMIDT, Gregory D. y SAUNDERS, Kyle L. Effective Quotas, Relative Party Magnitude, and the Success of Female Candidates: Peruvian Municipal Elections in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 2004, vol. 37 (6): 704-734.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414004265884
SCHWINDT-BAYER, Leslie A. Making Quotas Work: The Effect of Gender Quota Laws On the Election of Women. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 2009, vol. 34 (1): 5-28.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298009787500330
ZETTERBERG, Pär. Do Gender Quotas Foster Women's Political Engagement? Lessons from Latin America. Political Research Quarterly, 2009, vol. 62 (4): 715-730.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912908322411
BALDEZ, Lisa. Elected Bodies: The Gender Quota Law for Legislative Candidates in Mexico. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 2004, vol. 29 (2): 231-258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298004X201168
BALDEZ, Lisa. Primaries vs. Quotas: Gender and Candidate Nominations in Mexico, 2003. Latin American Politics and Society, 2007, vol. 49 (3): 69-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lap.2007.0027.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lap.2007.0027
BUSH, Sarah Sunn. International Politics and the Spread of Quotas for Women in Legislatures. International Organization, 2011, 65: 103-137.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000287
Del CAMPO, Esther. Women and Politics in Latin America: Perspectives and Limits of the Institutional Aspects of Women's Political Representation. Social Forces, 2005, vol. 83 (4): 1697-1725.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0060
DUVERGER, Maurice. The Political Role of Women. París: unesco, 1995.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0060.
FRÉCHETTE, Guillaume R.; MANIQUET, François y MORELLI, Massimo. Incumbents' Interests and Gender Quotas. American Journal of Political Science, 2008, vol. 52 (4): 891-909.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00349.x
INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. 2013. Women in National Parliaments. http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm, datos actualizados el día 1 de febrero de 2013.
JONES, Mark P. Quota Legislation and the Election of Women: Learning from the Costa Rican Experience. The Journal of Politics, 2004, vol. 66 (4): 1203-1223.
JONES, Mark P. Gender Quotas, Electoral Laws, and the Election of Women. Evidence From the Latin American Vanguard. Comparative Political Studies, 2009, vol. 42 (1): 56-81.
LANGSTON, Joy y APARICIO, Javier. Gender Quotas are not Enough: How Background Experience and Campaigning Affect Electoral Outcomes. Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (cide). México df. Documento de Trabajo n.º 234, 2011.
MAGAR, Eric. Gubernatorial Coattails in Mexican Congressional Elections. Journal of Politics, 2012, vol. 74 (2): 383-399.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611001629
SALMOND, Rob. Proportional Representation and Female Parliamentarians. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 2006, vol. 31 (2): 175-204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298006X201779
SCHMIDT, Gregory D. y SAUNDERS, Kyle L. Effective Quotas, Relative Party Magnitude, and the Success of Female Candidates: Peruvian Municipal Elections in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 2004, vol. 37 (6): 704-734.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414004265884
SCHWINDT-BAYER, Leslie A. Making Quotas Work: The Effect of Gender Quota Laws On the Election of Women. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 2009, vol. 34 (1): 5-28.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3162/036298009787500330
ZETTERBERG, Pär. Do Gender Quotas Foster Women's Political Engagement? Lessons from Latin America. Political Research Quarterly, 2009, vol. 62 (4): 715-730.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912908322411
Penadés De La Cruz, A., & Sánchez Miranda, S. D. (2014). Gender Advantage in Single-member Districts: The Mexican Elections of 2012. América Latina Hoy, 66, 95–114. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh20146695114
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