Legislators and Abortion in Latin America: Understanding the Gender, Religion and Ideology Triad
Abstract Gender is key to predict individuals’ positions toward abortion, but we know little about how it interacts with their ideological preferences and religious beliefs. The article analyzes whether ideology and religious beliefs moderate the effect of gender on legislators’ positions toward abortion, using comparative survey data from almost 8.000 members of Latin American parliaments in 18 countries between 1994 and 2018.
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Adams, G. (1997). Abortion: Evidence of an Issue Evolution. American Journal of Political Science, 41(3), 718-737. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111673
Alcántara, M. y Rivas, C. (2013). Opinión sobre el aborto desde la perspectiva de los legisladores latinoamericanos. Boletín Elites Parlamentarias Latinoamericanas, 54, 1-6. https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/handle/10366/122580/boletin_elites_54_2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Alcántara, M. (2022). Proyecto Elites Latinoamericanas (PELA-USAL). Universidad de Salamanca (1994-2021). https://oir.org.es/pela/
Alcántara, M. y Rivas, C. (2018, 18 de junio). Despenalización del aborto en América Latina: proceloso camino. Estudios de Política Exterior. https://www.politicaexterior.com/despenalizacion-del-aborto-america-latina-proceloso-camino/
Alvarez, R. M. y Brehm, J. (1995). American Ambivalence Towards Abortion Policy: Development of a Heteroskedastic Probit Model of Competing Values. American Journal of Political Science, 39(4), 1055-1082. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111669
Arana, I. (2018). Comparative political elites. En A. Farazmand (Ed.), Global encyclopedia of public administration, public policy, and governance (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing.
Baekgaard, M., Christensen, J., Dahlmann, C., Mathiasen, A., y Petersen, N. (2019). The Role of Evidence in Politics: Motivated Reasoning and Persuasion among Politicians. British Journal of Political Science, 49(3), 1117-1140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000084
Barragán, M., Bohigues, A. y Rivas, C. (2020). Élites parlamentarias de América Latina. ¿Cómo ha evolucionado el perfil de la representación? Revista Española de Sociología, 29(3), 613-633. https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2020.38
Berkman, M. B. y O’Connor, R. E. (1993). Do Women Legislators Matter? Female Legislators and State Abortion Policy. American Politics Quarterly, 21(1), 102-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X9302100107
Bohigues, A., Guedes-Neto, J. V. y Santos, M. L. (2022). Latin American political elites’ positions on same-sex marriage, abortion, and drug legalization. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 114, 1-24. http://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10833
Boidi, M. F. y Corral, M. (2013). Public opinion and abortion rights in the Americas. AmericasBarometer Topical Brief, 8, 1-3. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/ITB008en.pdf
Bolzendahl, C. I. y Myers, D. J. (2004). Feminist Attitudes and Support for Gender Equality: Opinion Change in Women and Men, 1974-1998. Social Forces, 83(2), 759-789. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0005
Brown, J. L. (2008). La cuestión del aborto en Argentina. Una mirada a partir de la prensa periódica (1). Question/Cuestión, 1(20). https://perio.unlp.edu.ar/ojs/index.php/question/article/view/688
Davis, N. J. y Robinson, R. V. (1991). Men’s and women’s consciousness of gender inequality: Austria, West Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. American Sociological Review, 56(1), 72-84. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095674
Fairbanks, D. (1977). Religious Forces and «Morality» Policies in the American States. Western Political Quarterly, 30(3), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.2307/447941
Fairbrother, M. (2014). Two multilevel modeling techniques for analyzing comparative longitudinal survey datasets. Political Science Research and Methods, 2(1), 119-140. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2013.24
Franceschet, S. (2003). State feminism’ and women’s movements: The impact of Chile’s Servicio nacional de la mujer on women’s activism. Latin American Research Review, 38(1), 9-40. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2003.0006
Gormley, W. T. (1986). Regulatory Issue Networks in a Federal System. Polity, 18(4), 595-620. https://doi.org/10.2307/3234884
Hoffmann-Langue, U. (2007). Methods of Elite Research. En R. J. Dalton y H.-D. Klingemann (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior (pp. 910-928). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199270125.003.0049
Jennings, M. K. y Farah, B. G. (1981). Social Roles and Political Resources: An Over-Time Study of Men and Women in Party Elites. American Journal of Political Science, 25(3), 462-482. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110814
Márquez Romo, C. y Romero-Vidal, X. (2022). El giro a la izquierda y las fuerzas armadas: convergencia y polarización ideológica en América Latina. Revista Española de Sociología, 31(2), a104. https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2022.104
Medoff, M. H. y Dennis, C. (2011). Public Preferences, Political Party Control, and Restrictive State Abortion Laws. American Review of Politics, 30(31), 307-331. https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2010.31.0.307-331
Mooney, C. Z. y Lee, M. H. (1995). Legislating Morality in the American States: The Case of Pre-Roe Abortion Regulation Reform. American Journal of Political Science, 39(3), 599-627. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111646
Morgan, D. R. y Meier, K. J. (1980). Politics and Morality: The Effect of Religion on Referenda Voting. Social Science Quarterly, 61(1), 144-148. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42860679
Norrander, B. y Wilcox, C. (1999). Public opinion and policymaking in the states: the case of post-Roe abortion policy. Policy Studies Journal, 27(4), 707-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1999.tb01998.x
Pribble, J. (2006). Women and welfare: The politics of coping with new social risks in Chile and Uruguay. Latin American Research Review, 41(2), 84-111. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2006.0028
Rodríguez, C. y Rubio-Padilla, S. (2019). Las mujeres parlamentarias y el consenso de las materias primas en América Latina. En F. Sánchez y M. García-Montero (coords.), Los ciclos políticos y económicos de América Latina y el boom de las materias primas. Tecnos.
Santos, C. M. (2004). En-gendering the police: Women’s Police stations and feminism in São Paulo. Latin American Research Review, 39(3), 29-55. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2004.0059
Schlozman, K. L., Burns, N., Verba, S. y Donahue, J. (1995). Gender and citizen participation: Is there a different voice? American Journal of Political Science, 39(2), 267-293. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111613
Swamy, A., Knack, S., Lee, Y. y Azfar, O. (2001). Gender and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 64(1), 25-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00123-1
Taylor-Robinson, M. y Heath, R. M. (2003). Do women legislators have different policy priorities than their male colleagues? A critical case test. Women & Politics, 24(4), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v24n04_04
Tuman, J. P., Roth-Johnson, D. y Jelen, T. (2013). Conscience and Context: Attitudes Toward Abortion in Mexico. Social Science Quarterly, 94(1), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00905.x
Viterna, J. (2012). The left and ‘life’ in El Salvador. Politics & Gender, 8(2), 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X12000244
Alcántara, M. y Rivas, C. (2013). Opinión sobre el aborto desde la perspectiva de los legisladores latinoamericanos. Boletín Elites Parlamentarias Latinoamericanas, 54, 1-6. https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/handle/10366/122580/boletin_elites_54_2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Alcántara, M. (2022). Proyecto Elites Latinoamericanas (PELA-USAL). Universidad de Salamanca (1994-2021). https://oir.org.es/pela/
Alcántara, M. y Rivas, C. (2018, 18 de junio). Despenalización del aborto en América Latina: proceloso camino. Estudios de Política Exterior. https://www.politicaexterior.com/despenalizacion-del-aborto-america-latina-proceloso-camino/
Alvarez, R. M. y Brehm, J. (1995). American Ambivalence Towards Abortion Policy: Development of a Heteroskedastic Probit Model of Competing Values. American Journal of Political Science, 39(4), 1055-1082. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111669
Arana, I. (2018). Comparative political elites. En A. Farazmand (Ed.), Global encyclopedia of public administration, public policy, and governance (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing.
Baekgaard, M., Christensen, J., Dahlmann, C., Mathiasen, A., y Petersen, N. (2019). The Role of Evidence in Politics: Motivated Reasoning and Persuasion among Politicians. British Journal of Political Science, 49(3), 1117-1140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000084
Barragán, M., Bohigues, A. y Rivas, C. (2020). Élites parlamentarias de América Latina. ¿Cómo ha evolucionado el perfil de la representación? Revista Española de Sociología, 29(3), 613-633. https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2020.38
Berkman, M. B. y O’Connor, R. E. (1993). Do Women Legislators Matter? Female Legislators and State Abortion Policy. American Politics Quarterly, 21(1), 102-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X9302100107
Bohigues, A., Guedes-Neto, J. V. y Santos, M. L. (2022). Latin American political elites’ positions on same-sex marriage, abortion, and drug legalization. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 114, 1-24. http://doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10833
Boidi, M. F. y Corral, M. (2013). Public opinion and abortion rights in the Americas. AmericasBarometer Topical Brief, 8, 1-3. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/ITB008en.pdf
Bolzendahl, C. I. y Myers, D. J. (2004). Feminist Attitudes and Support for Gender Equality: Opinion Change in Women and Men, 1974-1998. Social Forces, 83(2), 759-789. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0005
Brown, J. L. (2008). La cuestión del aborto en Argentina. Una mirada a partir de la prensa periódica (1). Question/Cuestión, 1(20). https://perio.unlp.edu.ar/ojs/index.php/question/article/view/688
Davis, N. J. y Robinson, R. V. (1991). Men’s and women’s consciousness of gender inequality: Austria, West Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. American Sociological Review, 56(1), 72-84. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095674
Fairbanks, D. (1977). Religious Forces and «Morality» Policies in the American States. Western Political Quarterly, 30(3), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.2307/447941
Fairbrother, M. (2014). Two multilevel modeling techniques for analyzing comparative longitudinal survey datasets. Political Science Research and Methods, 2(1), 119-140. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2013.24
Franceschet, S. (2003). State feminism’ and women’s movements: The impact of Chile’s Servicio nacional de la mujer on women’s activism. Latin American Research Review, 38(1), 9-40. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2003.0006
Gormley, W. T. (1986). Regulatory Issue Networks in a Federal System. Polity, 18(4), 595-620. https://doi.org/10.2307/3234884
Hoffmann-Langue, U. (2007). Methods of Elite Research. En R. J. Dalton y H.-D. Klingemann (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior (pp. 910-928). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199270125.003.0049
Jennings, M. K. y Farah, B. G. (1981). Social Roles and Political Resources: An Over-Time Study of Men and Women in Party Elites. American Journal of Political Science, 25(3), 462-482. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110814
Márquez Romo, C. y Romero-Vidal, X. (2022). El giro a la izquierda y las fuerzas armadas: convergencia y polarización ideológica en América Latina. Revista Española de Sociología, 31(2), a104. https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2022.104
Medoff, M. H. y Dennis, C. (2011). Public Preferences, Political Party Control, and Restrictive State Abortion Laws. American Review of Politics, 30(31), 307-331. https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2010.31.0.307-331
Mooney, C. Z. y Lee, M. H. (1995). Legislating Morality in the American States: The Case of Pre-Roe Abortion Regulation Reform. American Journal of Political Science, 39(3), 599-627. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111646
Morgan, D. R. y Meier, K. J. (1980). Politics and Morality: The Effect of Religion on Referenda Voting. Social Science Quarterly, 61(1), 144-148. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42860679
Norrander, B. y Wilcox, C. (1999). Public opinion and policymaking in the states: the case of post-Roe abortion policy. Policy Studies Journal, 27(4), 707-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1999.tb01998.x
Pribble, J. (2006). Women and welfare: The politics of coping with new social risks in Chile and Uruguay. Latin American Research Review, 41(2), 84-111. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2006.0028
Rodríguez, C. y Rubio-Padilla, S. (2019). Las mujeres parlamentarias y el consenso de las materias primas en América Latina. En F. Sánchez y M. García-Montero (coords.), Los ciclos políticos y económicos de América Latina y el boom de las materias primas. Tecnos.
Santos, C. M. (2004). En-gendering the police: Women’s Police stations and feminism in São Paulo. Latin American Research Review, 39(3), 29-55. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2004.0059
Schlozman, K. L., Burns, N., Verba, S. y Donahue, J. (1995). Gender and citizen participation: Is there a different voice? American Journal of Political Science, 39(2), 267-293. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111613
Swamy, A., Knack, S., Lee, Y. y Azfar, O. (2001). Gender and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 64(1), 25-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00123-1
Taylor-Robinson, M. y Heath, R. M. (2003). Do women legislators have different policy priorities than their male colleagues? A critical case test. Women & Politics, 24(4), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v24n04_04
Tuman, J. P., Roth-Johnson, D. y Jelen, T. (2013). Conscience and Context: Attitudes Toward Abortion in Mexico. Social Science Quarterly, 94(1), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00905.x
Viterna, J. (2012). The left and ‘life’ in El Salvador. Politics & Gender, 8(2), 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X12000244
Márquez Romo, C., & Montaño Reyes, M. (2023). Legislators and Abortion in Latin America: Understanding the Gender, Religion and Ideology Triad. América Latina Hoy, 92, 95–116. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh.28439
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