Más allá de la representación política: género y comisiones legislativas en América Latina
Resumen Este artículo identifica los factores relacionados con la participación de las mujeres en las comisiones parlamentarias. Se analizan datos de legislaturas de América Latina y se prueban tres factores interactivos con el género: ideología, experiencia parlamentaria previa y participación en la coalición de gobierno. A partir de un análisis multivariado, los resultados indican que, a pesar de haber conquistado importantes espacios de representación, las mujeres aún enfrentan desventajas y ocupan posiciones subordinadas dentro de esta institución, lo que afecta su desempeño y su carrera política.
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Barnes, T. D. (2014). Representación de las mujeres y designaciones a comisiones legislativas: el caso de las provincias argentinas. Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 23(SPE), 135-163.
Biroli, F. (2016). Divisão Sexual do Trabalho e Democracia. Dados, 59, 719-754. https://doi.org/10.1590/00115258201690
Bolzendahl, C. (2014). Opportunities and Expectations: The Gendered Organization of Legislative Committees in Germany, Sweden, and the United States. Gender & Society, 28(6), 847-876. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243214542429
Brambor, T., Clark, W. R. y Golder, M. (2006). Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses. Political Analysis, 14(1), 63-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpi014
Caul, M. (1999). Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties. Party Politics, 5(1), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068899005001005
Chasquetti, D. y Pérez, V. (2012). ¿Mujeres en los márgenes?: Sistema de comisiones y poder de asignación en el Parlamento uruguayo. Revista de Ciencia Política (Santiago), 32(2), 383-409. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2012000200003
Cirone, A. y Van Coppenolle, B. (2018). Cabinets, Committees, and Careers: The Causal Effect of Committee Service. The Journal of Politics, 80(3), 948-963. https://doi.org/10.1086/697252
Colomer, J. M. y Negretto, G. L. (2003). Gobernanza con poderes divididos en América Latina. Política y Gobierno, 13-61.
Dahlerup, D. (2006). Women, Quotas and Politics. Taylor & Francis.
Darcy, R. (1996). Women in the State Legislative Power Structure: Committee Chairs. Social Science Quarterly, 77(4), 888-898.
Espírito-Santo, A. y Sanches, E. R. (2020). Who Gets What? The Interactive Effect of MPs’ Sex in Committee Assignments in Portugal. Parliamentary Affairs, 73(2), 450-472. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsz004
Federici, S. (2019). O ponto zero da revolução: Trabalho doméstico, reprodução e luta feminista. Editora Elefante.
Franceschet, S. (2008). ¿Promueven las cuotas de género los intereses de las mujeres? El impacto de las cuotas en la representación substantiva de las mujeres. En T. M. Ríos (Ed.), Mujer y Política, el impacto de las cuotas de género en América Latina. Flacso.
Funk, K. D., Morales, L. y Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2017). The Impact of Committee Composition and Agendas on Women’s Participation: Evidence from a Legislature with Near Numerical Equality. Politics & Gender, 13(2), 253-275. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X16000465
Funk, K. y Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2014). Equilibrio de género en las comisiones y cómo impacta sobre la participación: Evidencia de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica. Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 23(SPE), 111-134.
Heath, R. M., Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. y Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2005). Women on the Sidelines: Women’s Representation on Committees in Latin American Legislatures. American Journal of Political Science, 49(2), 420-436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00132.x
Kerevel, Y. P. y Atkeson, L. R. (2013). Explaining the Marginalization of Women in Legislative Institutions. The Journal of Politics, 75(4), 980-992. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613000960
Krook, M. L. (2010). Studying Political Representation: A Comparative-Gendered Approach. Perspectives on Politics, 8(1), 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709992817
Krook, M. y Mackay, F. (2010). Gender, Politics and Institutions: Towards a Feminist Institutionalism. Springer.
Limongi, F. (2006). A democracia no Brasil: Presidencialismo, coalizão partidária e processo decisório. Novos Estudos-CEBRAP, 76, 17-41. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-33002006000300002
Lupia, A. y McCubbins, M. D. (1994). Who Controls? Information and the Structure of Legislative Decision Making. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 19(3), 361-384. https://doi.org/10.2307/440137
Marques, D. (2019). Por uma leitura feminista dos estudos legislativos no Brasil. En D. Marques, D. Rezende, M. Kubík Mano, R. Sarmento y V. Freitas (Eds.), Feminismos em Rede. Zouk.
Matos, M. (2010). Movimento e teoria feminista: É possível reconstruir a teoria feminista a partir do Sul global? Revista de Sociologia e Política, 18, 67-92. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-44782010000200006
Miguel, L. F. y Biroli, F. (2010). Práticas de gênero e carreiras políticas: Vertentes explicativas. Revista Estudos Feministas, 18, 653-679. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2010000300003
Miguel, L. F. y Biroli, F. (2011). Caleidoscópio convexo: Mulheres, política e mídia. Editora Unesp.
Morgenstern, S., Javier Negri, J. y Pérez-Liñán, A. (2008). Parliamentary Opposition in Non-Parliamentary Regimes: Latin America. The Journal of Legislative Studies, 14(1-2), 160-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572330801921166
Norris, P. y Lovenduski, J. (1995). Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament. Cambridge University Press.
Pateman, C. (1993). O contrato sexual. Paz e Terra.
Pinheiro, L. S. (2006). Vozes femininas na política: Uma análise sobre mulheres parlamentares no pós-Constituinte. https://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/2121
Prihatini, E. (2021). Explaining Gender Gaps in Indonesian Legislative Committees. Parliamentary Affairs, 74(1), 206-229. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsz047
Rezende, D. (2015). Qual o lugar reservado às mulheres? Uma análise generificada de comissões legislativas na Argentina, no Brasil e no Uruguai. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Rezende, D. (2017). Desafios à representação política de mulheres na Câmara dos Deputados. Revista Estudos Feministas, 25(3), 1199-1218. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9584.2017v25n3prezende
Rohde, D. W. (1979). Risk-Bearing and Progressive Ambition: The Case of Members of the United States House of Representatives. American Journal of Political Science, 23(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110769
Samuels, D. (2000). Ambition and Competition: Explaining Legislative Turnover in Brazil. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 25(3), 481-497. https://doi.org/10.2307/440417
Santiso, C. (2005). Legislatures and Budget Oversight in Latin America. OECD Jurnal on Budgeting, 4(2), 47-76. https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v4-art9-en
Santos, F. y Canello, J. (2016). Comissões Permanentes, Estrutura de Assessoramento e o Problema Informacional na Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. Dados, 59, 1127-1168. https://doi.org/10.1590/001152582016109
Santos, M. H. y Amâncio, L. (2012). Resistências à igualdade de género na política. Ex aequo, 25, 45-58.
Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. (2005). The incumbency disadvantage and women’s election to legislative office. Electoral Studies, 24(2), 227-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2004.05.001
Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. (2010). Political Power and Women’s Representation in Latin America. Oxford University Press.
Taylor-Robinson, M. M. y Heath, R. M. (2008). Do Women Legislators Have Different Policy Priorities than Their Male Colleagues? Women & Politics, 24(4), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v24n04_04
Varikas, E. (2013). Today, more than ever: A comment on the so called «secondary» issues facing the Left in a period of crisis. Ελληνική Επιθεώρηση Πολιτικής Επιστήμης, 41, 113-116. https://doi.org/10.12681/hpsa.14539
Wiesehomeier, N., Singer, M. y Ruth-Lovell, S. (2019). Political Representation, Executives, and Political Parties Survey: Data from Expert Surveys in 18 Latin American Countries, 2018-2019. PREPPS Latam V1 (DRAFT VERSION). Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Z5DESA
Zucco, C. (2009). Ideology or What? Legislative Behavior in Multiparty Presidential Settings. The Journal of Politics, 71(3), 1076-1092. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609090896
Biroli, F. (2016). Divisão Sexual do Trabalho e Democracia. Dados, 59, 719-754. https://doi.org/10.1590/00115258201690
Bolzendahl, C. (2014). Opportunities and Expectations: The Gendered Organization of Legislative Committees in Germany, Sweden, and the United States. Gender & Society, 28(6), 847-876. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243214542429
Brambor, T., Clark, W. R. y Golder, M. (2006). Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses. Political Analysis, 14(1), 63-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpi014
Caul, M. (1999). Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties. Party Politics, 5(1), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068899005001005
Chasquetti, D. y Pérez, V. (2012). ¿Mujeres en los márgenes?: Sistema de comisiones y poder de asignación en el Parlamento uruguayo. Revista de Ciencia Política (Santiago), 32(2), 383-409. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-090X2012000200003
Cirone, A. y Van Coppenolle, B. (2018). Cabinets, Committees, and Careers: The Causal Effect of Committee Service. The Journal of Politics, 80(3), 948-963. https://doi.org/10.1086/697252
Colomer, J. M. y Negretto, G. L. (2003). Gobernanza con poderes divididos en América Latina. Política y Gobierno, 13-61.
Dahlerup, D. (2006). Women, Quotas and Politics. Taylor & Francis.
Darcy, R. (1996). Women in the State Legislative Power Structure: Committee Chairs. Social Science Quarterly, 77(4), 888-898.
Espírito-Santo, A. y Sanches, E. R. (2020). Who Gets What? The Interactive Effect of MPs’ Sex in Committee Assignments in Portugal. Parliamentary Affairs, 73(2), 450-472. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsz004
Federici, S. (2019). O ponto zero da revolução: Trabalho doméstico, reprodução e luta feminista. Editora Elefante.
Franceschet, S. (2008). ¿Promueven las cuotas de género los intereses de las mujeres? El impacto de las cuotas en la representación substantiva de las mujeres. En T. M. Ríos (Ed.), Mujer y Política, el impacto de las cuotas de género en América Latina. Flacso.
Funk, K. D., Morales, L. y Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2017). The Impact of Committee Composition and Agendas on Women’s Participation: Evidence from a Legislature with Near Numerical Equality. Politics & Gender, 13(2), 253-275. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X16000465
Funk, K. y Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2014). Equilibrio de género en las comisiones y cómo impacta sobre la participación: Evidencia de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica. Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 23(SPE), 111-134.
Heath, R. M., Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. y Taylor-Robinson, M. M. (2005). Women on the Sidelines: Women’s Representation on Committees in Latin American Legislatures. American Journal of Political Science, 49(2), 420-436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2005.00132.x
Kerevel, Y. P. y Atkeson, L. R. (2013). Explaining the Marginalization of Women in Legislative Institutions. The Journal of Politics, 75(4), 980-992. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613000960
Krook, M. L. (2010). Studying Political Representation: A Comparative-Gendered Approach. Perspectives on Politics, 8(1), 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709992817
Krook, M. y Mackay, F. (2010). Gender, Politics and Institutions: Towards a Feminist Institutionalism. Springer.
Limongi, F. (2006). A democracia no Brasil: Presidencialismo, coalizão partidária e processo decisório. Novos Estudos-CEBRAP, 76, 17-41. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-33002006000300002
Lupia, A. y McCubbins, M. D. (1994). Who Controls? Information and the Structure of Legislative Decision Making. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 19(3), 361-384. https://doi.org/10.2307/440137
Marques, D. (2019). Por uma leitura feminista dos estudos legislativos no Brasil. En D. Marques, D. Rezende, M. Kubík Mano, R. Sarmento y V. Freitas (Eds.), Feminismos em Rede. Zouk.
Matos, M. (2010). Movimento e teoria feminista: É possível reconstruir a teoria feminista a partir do Sul global? Revista de Sociologia e Política, 18, 67-92. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-44782010000200006
Miguel, L. F. y Biroli, F. (2010). Práticas de gênero e carreiras políticas: Vertentes explicativas. Revista Estudos Feministas, 18, 653-679. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2010000300003
Miguel, L. F. y Biroli, F. (2011). Caleidoscópio convexo: Mulheres, política e mídia. Editora Unesp.
Morgenstern, S., Javier Negri, J. y Pérez-Liñán, A. (2008). Parliamentary Opposition in Non-Parliamentary Regimes: Latin America. The Journal of Legislative Studies, 14(1-2), 160-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572330801921166
Norris, P. y Lovenduski, J. (1995). Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament. Cambridge University Press.
Pateman, C. (1993). O contrato sexual. Paz e Terra.
Pinheiro, L. S. (2006). Vozes femininas na política: Uma análise sobre mulheres parlamentares no pós-Constituinte. https://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/2121
Prihatini, E. (2021). Explaining Gender Gaps in Indonesian Legislative Committees. Parliamentary Affairs, 74(1), 206-229. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsz047
Rezende, D. (2015). Qual o lugar reservado às mulheres? Uma análise generificada de comissões legislativas na Argentina, no Brasil e no Uruguai. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Rezende, D. (2017). Desafios à representação política de mulheres na Câmara dos Deputados. Revista Estudos Feministas, 25(3), 1199-1218. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9584.2017v25n3prezende
Rohde, D. W. (1979). Risk-Bearing and Progressive Ambition: The Case of Members of the United States House of Representatives. American Journal of Political Science, 23(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110769
Samuels, D. (2000). Ambition and Competition: Explaining Legislative Turnover in Brazil. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 25(3), 481-497. https://doi.org/10.2307/440417
Santiso, C. (2005). Legislatures and Budget Oversight in Latin America. OECD Jurnal on Budgeting, 4(2), 47-76. https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v4-art9-en
Santos, F. y Canello, J. (2016). Comissões Permanentes, Estrutura de Assessoramento e o Problema Informacional na Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. Dados, 59, 1127-1168. https://doi.org/10.1590/001152582016109
Santos, M. H. y Amâncio, L. (2012). Resistências à igualdade de género na política. Ex aequo, 25, 45-58.
Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. (2005). The incumbency disadvantage and women’s election to legislative office. Electoral Studies, 24(2), 227-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2004.05.001
Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. (2010). Political Power and Women’s Representation in Latin America. Oxford University Press.
Taylor-Robinson, M. M. y Heath, R. M. (2008). Do Women Legislators Have Different Policy Priorities than Their Male Colleagues? Women & Politics, 24(4), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v24n04_04
Varikas, E. (2013). Today, more than ever: A comment on the so called «secondary» issues facing the Left in a period of crisis. Ελληνική Επιθεώρηση Πολιτικής Επιστήμης, 41, 113-116. https://doi.org/10.12681/hpsa.14539
Wiesehomeier, N., Singer, M. y Ruth-Lovell, S. (2019). Political Representation, Executives, and Political Parties Survey: Data from Expert Surveys in 18 Latin American Countries, 2018-2019. PREPPS Latam V1 (DRAFT VERSION). Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Z5DESA
Zucco, C. (2009). Ideology or What? Legislative Behavior in Multiparty Presidential Settings. The Journal of Politics, 71(3), 1076-1092. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609090896
Ugo Santander, C., Dirino, A., Peixoto, G., & Madeira, G. (2024). Más allá de la representación política: género y comisiones legislativas en América Latina. América Latina Hoy, 94, e31163. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh.31163
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