Epidemics due to Ergotism or Saint Anthony's Fire. History, Science and Art

  • Francisco S. Lozano Sánchez
    Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA) lozano[at]usal.es

Abstract

The Saint Anthony's Fire, a popular name for ergotism, was an epidemic that devastated medieval Europe, as a result of food poisoning caused by eating rye bread, whose flour was contaminated by ergot, a parasitic fungus called Claviceps purpurea that supplanted grains of some cereals, especially rye. Rye bread, black or bread poor, was very different from white bread made with wheat flour, and more expensive (bread of the rich). Since the s. IX, Europe (mainly France and Germany) suffered frequent epidemics, whose intoxication produced convulsions and delusions (convulsive ergotism) or loss of the extremities (gangrenous ergotism), with a mortality of up to 20% of those affected. Ergotism is currently anecdotal. There are publications of isolated cases, generally associated with chronic consumption of ergotamine-containing drugs. This article reviews the historical, scientific, and artistic aspects of the Saint Anthony's Fire / ergotism, both classic and recent. It ends by commenting on chapter 6 (The Saint Anthony's Fire) of the TV series "Toledo crossing destinations" (2012), which reflects this epidemic with great fidelity through an alleged outbreak of the Saint Anthony's Fire that occurred in the medieval city of Toledo.
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Lozano Sánchez, F. S. (2021). Epidemics due to Ergotism or Saint Anthony’s Fire. History, Science and Art. Journal of Medicine and Movies, 16(e), 207–236. https://doi.org/10.14201/rmc202016e207236

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