Review and analysis of venereal syphilis through the film Miss Evers´ boys, within the framework of the subject of Microbiology and Cinema
Abstract Innovative alternatives in the classroom are essential due to the limitations of the master class. In this sense, technological advances have allowed new alternatives for interactive teaching, where Cinema is a significant example of medical education. Through Cinema it is possible to contextualize basic, clinical and even humanistic concepts of diseases; Therefore, this study presents a filmbased experience of the teaching of infectious diseases and microbiology. We review the historical, epidemiological, microbiological and clinical aspects of Syphilis through the Miss Evers' boys film, selecting key scenes for each aspect, and comparing them with current literature. The results showed that the film reflects important elements of the progress, diagnosis, and treatment of syphilis; where the understanding of the students improves, even in the absence of scenes about the complete development of the disease; therefore, we propose this strategy as a useful and meaningful tool for learning in this and other areas.
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Cappelletti GL, Sabelli MJG, Tenutto MA. ¿Se puede ensen?ar mejor? Acerca de la relacio?n entre el cine y la ensen?anza. Rev Med Cine. 2007; 3(3):87-91.
Comerio, C. La historia de la Sífilis o ¿la Sífilis en la historia?. Rev Med Universitaria. 2012; 8(1):1-13.
Darbyshire D, Baker P. El cine en la formación médica. ¿Ha tenido acogida? Rev Med Cine. 2011; 7(1): 8-14. Disponible en: revistas.usal.es/index.php/medicina_y_cine/article/download/13781/14195
Dorado JS, Arellano ER, Rodriguez A. Treponemal infections. Syphilis. Medicine Rev. 2014;11(51): 2993-3043. Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5159092.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-5412(14)70729-2
Emily LH, Lukehart SA. Syphilis: using a modern approaches to understand an old disease. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(12:4584-92. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133883 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI57173
Fairchild AL, Bayer R. Uses and Abuses of Tuskegee. Science. 1999; 284 (5416):919-21. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10357678 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5416.919
Forero N, Peña MJ. Manifestaciones dermatológia de la Sífilis. Revisión de tema. Rev Med UIS, 2011; 24 (2): 217-29. Disponible en: https://revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistamedicasuis/article/view/2685
García JE, Fresnadillo MJ, García E. El cine en la docencia de las enfermedades infecciosas y la microbiologi?a cli?nica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2002; 20(8): 403-6. Disponible: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213005X02728280 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0213-005X(02)72828-0
LaFond RE, Lukehart SA. Biological Basis for Syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):29-49. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418521 https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.19.1.29-49.2006
Ledermann W. Del Wassermann al VDRL en el antiguo Instituto Bacteriológico de Chile. Rev Chil infectol. 2014;31(5): 619-24. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0716-10182014000500017&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182014000500017
Leitner RMC, Korte C, Edo D, Braga ME. Historia del tratamiento de la Sífilis. Rev Arg Derm. 2007;88(1);6-19. Disponible en: https://rad-online.org.ar/2007/04/01/historia-del-tratamiento-de-la-sifilis/
Munive M. Neurosífilis, caso clinico y revision bibliografica. Rev Med Costa Rica Centroamérica. 2009. Vol LXVI (597):95-103.
Malik S, Zaheer R, Bilal M. Impact of movie-based simulation training, with or without conventional verbal demonstration on observed OSPE scores in medical undergraduates: a double control study. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2013; 25(1-2):127-8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098075
McCallun JM, Arekere DM, Green BL, Katz RV, Rivers BM. Awareness and knowledge of the US. Public health syphilis study at Tuskegee: Implications for biomedical research. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2006; 17(4): 716-733. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17242526 https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2006.0130
Northington V. Under the Shadow of Tuskegee: Africans Americans and Health Care. American Journal of Public Health, 1997;87 (11): 1773-78. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9366634 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.11.1773
Olansky S, Simpson L, Schuman SH. Enviromental factors in the Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis in the male negro. Public Health Rep. 1954; 69(7): 691-8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2024316/ https://doi.org/10.2307/4588864
Quiroga F. Trastornos psiquia?tricos comunes en enfermedades neurolo?gicas. Asoc Col de Neurología. Capítulo 8. 2013. Disponible en: http://www.acnweb.org/guia/g2c08i.pdf
Reverby SM. More than fact and fiction, Cultural memory and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Hastings Cent Rep. 2001;31(5):22-8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12974115 https://doi.org/10.2307/3527701
Shafer JK, Usilton LJ, Gleeson GA. Untreated syphilis in the male negro, a prospective study of the effect on life expectancy. Public Health Rep. 1954; 69(7): 684-690. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13177830 https://doi.org/10.2307/4588863
Singh AE, Romanowski B. Syphilis: review with emphasis on clinical, epidemiologic, and some biologic features. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(2):187-209. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10194456 https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.2.187
The wasserman test for syphilis in practice. Cal State J Med. 1910;8(8):252-253. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0716-10182014000500017&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Thomas SB, Quinn SC. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932 to 1972: Implications for HIV Education and AIDS Risk Education Programs in the Black Community. Am J of Public Health. 1991; 81(11): 1498-1505. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1405662/ https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.81.11.1498
Turnes AL. La Sífilis en la medicina, una aproximación a su historia. Edit Cient Sindicato Med Urugay. 2005:1-23. Disponible en: https://www.smu.org.uy/publicaciones/libros/textocompleto/la_sifilis_medicina.pdf
Vanhaecke C, Grange P, Benhaddou N, Blanche P, Salom D, Parize P, et al. Clinical and Biological Characteristics of 40 Patients With Neurosyphilis and Evaluation of Treponema Pallidum Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction in Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples. Clin Infect Dis, 2016; 63(9):1180-1186. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27585981 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw499
Voto J, Jeri R, Garcìa U, Arias J. Reacción de Jarish-Herxheimer en neurosifilis. Informe de dos casos fatales durante el tratamiento con penicilina. Soc Neuro-Psiqu Med Legal. Sesion del miércoles 07 de junio de 1950.
Cappelletti GL, Sabelli MJG, Tenutto MA. ¿Se puede ensen?ar mejor? Acerca de la relacio?n entre el cine y la ensen?anza. Rev Med Cine. 2007; 3(3):87-91.
Comerio, C. La historia de la Sífilis o ¿la Sífilis en la historia?. Rev Med Universitaria. 2012; 8(1):1-13.
Darbyshire D, Baker P. El cine en la formación médica. ¿Ha tenido acogida? Rev Med Cine. 2011; 7(1): 8-14. Disponible en: revistas.usal.es/index.php/medicina_y_cine/article/download/13781/14195
Dorado JS, Arellano ER, Rodriguez A. Treponemal infections. Syphilis. Medicine Rev. 2014;11(51): 2993-3043. Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5159092.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-5412(14)70729-2
Emily LH, Lukehart SA. Syphilis: using a modern approaches to understand an old disease. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(12:4584-92. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133883 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI57173
Fairchild AL, Bayer R. Uses and Abuses of Tuskegee. Science. 1999; 284 (5416):919-21. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10357678 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5416.919
Forero N, Peña MJ. Manifestaciones dermatológia de la Sífilis. Revisión de tema. Rev Med UIS, 2011; 24 (2): 217-29. Disponible en: https://revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistamedicasuis/article/view/2685
García JE, Fresnadillo MJ, García E. El cine en la docencia de las enfermedades infecciosas y la microbiologi?a cli?nica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2002; 20(8): 403-6. Disponible: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213005X02728280 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0213-005X(02)72828-0
LaFond RE, Lukehart SA. Biological Basis for Syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):29-49. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418521 https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.19.1.29-49.2006
Ledermann W. Del Wassermann al VDRL en el antiguo Instituto Bacteriológico de Chile. Rev Chil infectol. 2014;31(5): 619-24. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0716-10182014000500017&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182014000500017
Leitner RMC, Korte C, Edo D, Braga ME. Historia del tratamiento de la Sífilis. Rev Arg Derm. 2007;88(1);6-19. Disponible en: https://rad-online.org.ar/2007/04/01/historia-del-tratamiento-de-la-sifilis/
Munive M. Neurosífilis, caso clinico y revision bibliografica. Rev Med Costa Rica Centroamérica. 2009. Vol LXVI (597):95-103.
Malik S, Zaheer R, Bilal M. Impact of movie-based simulation training, with or without conventional verbal demonstration on observed OSPE scores in medical undergraduates: a double control study. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2013; 25(1-2):127-8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098075
McCallun JM, Arekere DM, Green BL, Katz RV, Rivers BM. Awareness and knowledge of the US. Public health syphilis study at Tuskegee: Implications for biomedical research. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2006; 17(4): 716-733. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17242526 https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2006.0130
Northington V. Under the Shadow of Tuskegee: Africans Americans and Health Care. American Journal of Public Health, 1997;87 (11): 1773-78. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9366634 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.87.11.1773
Olansky S, Simpson L, Schuman SH. Enviromental factors in the Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis in the male negro. Public Health Rep. 1954; 69(7): 691-8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2024316/ https://doi.org/10.2307/4588864
Quiroga F. Trastornos psiquia?tricos comunes en enfermedades neurolo?gicas. Asoc Col de Neurología. Capítulo 8. 2013. Disponible en: http://www.acnweb.org/guia/g2c08i.pdf
Reverby SM. More than fact and fiction, Cultural memory and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Hastings Cent Rep. 2001;31(5):22-8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12974115 https://doi.org/10.2307/3527701
Shafer JK, Usilton LJ, Gleeson GA. Untreated syphilis in the male negro, a prospective study of the effect on life expectancy. Public Health Rep. 1954; 69(7): 684-690. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13177830 https://doi.org/10.2307/4588863
Singh AE, Romanowski B. Syphilis: review with emphasis on clinical, epidemiologic, and some biologic features. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(2):187-209. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10194456 https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.2.187
The wasserman test for syphilis in practice. Cal State J Med. 1910;8(8):252-253. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0716-10182014000500017&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Thomas SB, Quinn SC. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932 to 1972: Implications for HIV Education and AIDS Risk Education Programs in the Black Community. Am J of Public Health. 1991; 81(11): 1498-1505. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1405662/ https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.81.11.1498
Turnes AL. La Sífilis en la medicina, una aproximación a su historia. Edit Cient Sindicato Med Urugay. 2005:1-23. Disponible en: https://www.smu.org.uy/publicaciones/libros/textocompleto/la_sifilis_medicina.pdf
Vanhaecke C, Grange P, Benhaddou N, Blanche P, Salom D, Parize P, et al. Clinical and Biological Characteristics of 40 Patients With Neurosyphilis and Evaluation of Treponema Pallidum Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction in Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples. Clin Infect Dis, 2016; 63(9):1180-1186. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27585981 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw499
Voto J, Jeri R, Garcìa U, Arias J. Reacción de Jarish-Herxheimer en neurosifilis. Informe de dos casos fatales durante el tratamiento con penicilina. Soc Neuro-Psiqu Med Legal. Sesion del miércoles 07 de junio de 1950.
Rebellón Martínez, I., Salazar Balcázar, D., Castañeda Ramírez, C. R., & Ocampo Toro, E. (2019). Review and analysis of venereal syphilis through the film Miss Evers´ boys, within the framework of the subject of Microbiology and Cinema. Journal of Medicine and Movies, 15(4), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.14201/rmc2019154203213
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