Is it Possible to Get Out of Autism? Boys Over flowers (2009) and Yoon Ji Hoo's Autistic Parsimony
Abstract In South Korea, two milestones have been created with the publication of Hana Yori Dango during the 90s and the broadcast of Boys over flowers (2009) at the beginning of the first decade of the 21st century. In Boys Over Flowers, Yoo Ji Hoo is introduced as a member of South Korea's elite group F4, who suffered an accident at a young childhood, died of his parents, and developed autism after trauma. In his orphanhood, he manages to "get out" of autism with the help of Min Seo Hyun, a close friend and with whom he falls in love, allowing his social reincorporation as a neurotypical subject. In view of the progressive increase in cases of autistic children worldwide, and the advantages that modern medicine promises over its treatment and occasional “cure”, here, we seek to answer the following questions, i) Is it possible to develop autism after a traumatic event? and ii) Is it possible to “get out” of autism? We carried out this analysis based on Yoo Ji Hoo's life issues in Boys over flowers.
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Yoko K Hana Yori Dango (manga). Japón: Shūeisha; 1992-2008.
Hong SJ. Three Adaptations of the Japanese Comic Book Boys over Flowers in the Asian Cultural Community: Analyzing Fidelity and Modification from the Perspective of Globalization and Glocalization. Qual. Rep. 2014; 19: 1-18.
Kim D. A Starter Guide to Streaming Great South Korean TV Drama. The New York Times [Internet]. 7 de febrero de 2018 [consultado el 15 de marzo de 2021.
Miyose C, Engstrom E. Boys over Flowers: Korean Soap Opera and the Blossoming of a New Masculinity. Pop. Cul. Rev. 2015; 26(2):2-13.
Lock AF, Aspiros BJ. La adaptación del manga Hana Yori Dango al drama coreano Boys Over Flowers: similitudes y diferencias en el aspecto narrativo, enunciativo y discursivo. J. Bussin. Entrep. Stud. 2020; E1: 159-171.
Lock AF. Del lenguaje gráfico del manga Hana Yori Dango a la construcción audiovisual del drama coreano Boys Over Flowers. [Tesis] Lima: Facultad de Ciencias y Artes de la Comunicación, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2014.
Huh AS. Hispanic Hallyu: Comparing Boys Over Flowers Directed by Jeon Ki-Sang With Latino Telenovelas. Honors Theses 2017; 163.
Lord C, Brugha TS, Charman T, Cusack J, Dumas G, Frazier T, et al. Autism spectrum disorder. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2020; 6: 5.
Rakić M, Cabezas M, Kushibar K, Oliver A, Lladó X. Improving the detection of autism spectrum disorder by combining structural and functional MRI information. Neuromim. Clin. 2020; 25: 102181.
Grove. J, Ripke S, Als TD, Mattheisen M, Walters RK, Won H, et al. Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. Nat. Genet. 2019; 51(3): 431–444.
Risi S, Lord C, Gotham K, Corsello C, Chrysler C, Szatmari P, et al. Combining information from multiple sources in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. J. An. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2006;45(9):1094-1103.
Lord C, Risi S, Dilavore P, Shulman C, Thurm A, Pickles A. From 2 to 9 Years of Age. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006; 694-701.
Catala Lopez F, Ridao M, Hurtado I, Nuñez-Beltrán A, Genova- Maleras R, Alonso-Arroyo A, Tobías A. et al. Prevalence and comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder in Spain: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC. 2019; 8(1):141.
Brugha, T, Spiers N, Bankart J, Cooper S, McManus S.et al. Epidemiology of autism in adults across age groups and ability levels. Br J Psychiatry. 2016; 209: 498–503.
Modabbernia A, Velthorst E, Reichenberg A. Environmental risk factors for autism: an evidence-based review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Mol autismo. 2017; 8: 13.
Gaugler T, Klei L, Sanders S, Bodea C, Goldberg A, et al. Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation. Nat. Genet. 2014; 46: 331-335.
Gruhl SL, Sharma P, Han TS. A family with PTEN mutations with malignancy and an unusually high number of offspring with autism spectrum disorder: a case report. J Med Case Reports. 2018; 12: 353.
Bühler E, Bachmann C, Goyert H, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Kamp-Becker I. Differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by means of inhibitory control and 'theory of mind'. J. Autism. Dev. Disord. 2011; 41(12):1718-1726.
American Psychiatric Association. DSM-V Manual. 5th Edition. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
Fuller EA, Kaiser AP. The Effects of Early Intervention on Social Communication Outcomes for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis. J Autism Develop Dis. 2020; 50:1683–1700.
Ozgen H, Hellemann GS, Stellato RK, Lahuis B, van Daalen E, Staal WG, et al. Morphological features in children with autism spectrum disorders: a matched case-control study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011; 41(1):23-31.
Singh R, Turner RC, Nguyen L, Motwani K, Swatek M, Lucke-Wold BP. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Autism: Elucidating Shared Mechanisms. Behav. Neurol. 2016; 2016: 8781725.
Wang SS-H, Kloth AD, Badura A. The cerebellum, sensitive periods, and autism. Neuron. 2014;83(3):518–532.
Dennis E, Jin Y, Villalon-Reina J, Zhan L, Kernan CL, Babikian T, et al. White matter disruption in moderate/severe pediatric traumatic brain injury: advanced tract-based analyses. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2015; 7:493–505.
Galvin J, Froude E, Imms C. Sensory processing abilities of children who have sustained traumatic brain injuries. Am. J. Occup. Therapy. 2009; 63(6): 701–709.
Beauchamp M, Beare R, Ditchfield M, Coleman L, Babl FE, Kean M, et al. Susceptibility weighted imaging and its relationship to outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Cortex. 2013; 49(2):591–598.
Barlow K, Thompson E, Johnson D, Minns RA. The neurological outcome of non-accidental head injury. Pediatric Rehabilitation. 2004; 7(3): 195–203.
Peterson RL, Connery AK, Baker DA, Kirkwood MW. Preinjury emotional-behavioral functioning of children with lingering problems after mild traumatic brain injury. J. Neuropsych. Clin. Neuros. 2015;27(4):280–286.
Helt M, Kelley E, Kinsbourne M, Pandey J, Boorstein H, Herbert M, et al. Can Children with Autism Recover? If So, How? Neuropsychology Rev. 2008; 18(4): 339–366.
Fein D, Barton M, Eigsti IM, Kelley E, Naigles L, Schultz RT, et al. Optimal Outcome in Individuals with a History of Autism. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry. 2013; 54(2):195-205.
Kim SH, Bal VH, Lord C. Longitudinal follow-up of academic achievement in children with autism from age 2 to 18. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry. 2016; 59: 258–267.
Blumberg SJ, Zablotsky B, Avila RM, Colpe LJ, Pringle BA, Kogan MD. Diagnosis lost: Differences between children who had and who currently have an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Autism. 2016; 20(7): 783-795.
Shulman L, D'Agostino E, Lee S, Valicenti-McDermott M, Seijo R, Tulloch E, et al. When an Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Resolves, What Remains? J. Child. Neurol. 2019; 34(7): 382-386.
Miodovnik A, Harstad E, Sideridis G, Huntington N. Timing of the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pediatrics 2021; 136(4): 831-837.
Fusar-Poli L, Cavone V, Tinacci S, Concas I, Petralia A, Signorelli MS, et al. Cannabinoids for People with ASD: A Systematic Review of Published and Ongoing Studies. Brain. Sci. 2020;10(9):572.
Ruzich E, Allison C, Smith P, Watson P, Auyeung B, Ring H, et al. Measuring autistic traits in the general population: a systematic review of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a nonclinical population sample of 6,900 typical adult males and females. Mol. Autism. 2015; 6:2. Erratum in: Mol Autism. 2015; 6: 45.
Eyuboglu M, Baykara B, Eyuboglu D. Broad autism phenotype: theory of mind and empathy skills in unaffected siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psych. Clin. Psychopharm. 2018; 28(1): 36-42.
Department of Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health. Understanding the infodemic and misinformation in the fight against COVID-19. Washington D.C.: PAHO Press; 2020.
Fenton A, Krahn T. Autism, Neurodiversity and Equality Beyond the Normal. J. Ethics. Mental. Health 2009; 2(2): 2.
Cage E, Di Monaco J, Newell V. Experiences of Autism Acceptance and Mental Health in Autistic Adults. J. Autism. Dev. Disord. 2018; 48: 473–484.
Hull L, Petrides KV, Allison C, Smith P, Baron-Cohen S, Lai MC, et al. «Putting on My Best Normal»: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions. J. Autism. Dev. Disord. 2017; 47: 2519–2534.
Weintraub K. The prevalence puzzle: Autism counts. Nature. 2011; 479(7371):22-24.
Hong SJ. Three Adaptations of the Japanese Comic Book Boys over Flowers in the Asian Cultural Community: Analyzing Fidelity and Modification from the Perspective of Globalization and Glocalization. Qual. Rep. 2014; 19: 1-18.
Kim D. A Starter Guide to Streaming Great South Korean TV Drama. The New York Times [Internet]. 7 de febrero de 2018 [consultado el 15 de marzo de 2021.
Miyose C, Engstrom E. Boys over Flowers: Korean Soap Opera and the Blossoming of a New Masculinity. Pop. Cul. Rev. 2015; 26(2):2-13.
Lock AF, Aspiros BJ. La adaptación del manga Hana Yori Dango al drama coreano Boys Over Flowers: similitudes y diferencias en el aspecto narrativo, enunciativo y discursivo. J. Bussin. Entrep. Stud. 2020; E1: 159-171.
Lock AF. Del lenguaje gráfico del manga Hana Yori Dango a la construcción audiovisual del drama coreano Boys Over Flowers. [Tesis] Lima: Facultad de Ciencias y Artes de la Comunicación, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2014.
Huh AS. Hispanic Hallyu: Comparing Boys Over Flowers Directed by Jeon Ki-Sang With Latino Telenovelas. Honors Theses 2017; 163.
Lord C, Brugha TS, Charman T, Cusack J, Dumas G, Frazier T, et al. Autism spectrum disorder. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2020; 6: 5.
Rakić M, Cabezas M, Kushibar K, Oliver A, Lladó X. Improving the detection of autism spectrum disorder by combining structural and functional MRI information. Neuromim. Clin. 2020; 25: 102181.
Grove. J, Ripke S, Als TD, Mattheisen M, Walters RK, Won H, et al. Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. Nat. Genet. 2019; 51(3): 431–444.
Risi S, Lord C, Gotham K, Corsello C, Chrysler C, Szatmari P, et al. Combining information from multiple sources in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. J. An. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2006;45(9):1094-1103.
Lord C, Risi S, Dilavore P, Shulman C, Thurm A, Pickles A. From 2 to 9 Years of Age. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006; 694-701.
Catala Lopez F, Ridao M, Hurtado I, Nuñez-Beltrán A, Genova- Maleras R, Alonso-Arroyo A, Tobías A. et al. Prevalence and comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder in Spain: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC. 2019; 8(1):141.
Brugha, T, Spiers N, Bankart J, Cooper S, McManus S.et al. Epidemiology of autism in adults across age groups and ability levels. Br J Psychiatry. 2016; 209: 498–503.
Modabbernia A, Velthorst E, Reichenberg A. Environmental risk factors for autism: an evidence-based review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Mol autismo. 2017; 8: 13.
Gaugler T, Klei L, Sanders S, Bodea C, Goldberg A, et al. Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation. Nat. Genet. 2014; 46: 331-335.
Gruhl SL, Sharma P, Han TS. A family with PTEN mutations with malignancy and an unusually high number of offspring with autism spectrum disorder: a case report. J Med Case Reports. 2018; 12: 353.
Bühler E, Bachmann C, Goyert H, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Kamp-Becker I. Differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by means of inhibitory control and 'theory of mind'. J. Autism. Dev. Disord. 2011; 41(12):1718-1726.
American Psychiatric Association. DSM-V Manual. 5th Edition. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
Fuller EA, Kaiser AP. The Effects of Early Intervention on Social Communication Outcomes for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis. J Autism Develop Dis. 2020; 50:1683–1700.
Ozgen H, Hellemann GS, Stellato RK, Lahuis B, van Daalen E, Staal WG, et al. Morphological features in children with autism spectrum disorders: a matched case-control study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2011; 41(1):23-31.
Singh R, Turner RC, Nguyen L, Motwani K, Swatek M, Lucke-Wold BP. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Autism: Elucidating Shared Mechanisms. Behav. Neurol. 2016; 2016: 8781725.
Wang SS-H, Kloth AD, Badura A. The cerebellum, sensitive periods, and autism. Neuron. 2014;83(3):518–532.
Dennis E, Jin Y, Villalon-Reina J, Zhan L, Kernan CL, Babikian T, et al. White matter disruption in moderate/severe pediatric traumatic brain injury: advanced tract-based analyses. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2015; 7:493–505.
Galvin J, Froude E, Imms C. Sensory processing abilities of children who have sustained traumatic brain injuries. Am. J. Occup. Therapy. 2009; 63(6): 701–709.
Beauchamp M, Beare R, Ditchfield M, Coleman L, Babl FE, Kean M, et al. Susceptibility weighted imaging and its relationship to outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Cortex. 2013; 49(2):591–598.
Barlow K, Thompson E, Johnson D, Minns RA. The neurological outcome of non-accidental head injury. Pediatric Rehabilitation. 2004; 7(3): 195–203.
Peterson RL, Connery AK, Baker DA, Kirkwood MW. Preinjury emotional-behavioral functioning of children with lingering problems after mild traumatic brain injury. J. Neuropsych. Clin. Neuros. 2015;27(4):280–286.
Helt M, Kelley E, Kinsbourne M, Pandey J, Boorstein H, Herbert M, et al. Can Children with Autism Recover? If So, How? Neuropsychology Rev. 2008; 18(4): 339–366.
Fein D, Barton M, Eigsti IM, Kelley E, Naigles L, Schultz RT, et al. Optimal Outcome in Individuals with a History of Autism. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry. 2013; 54(2):195-205.
Kim SH, Bal VH, Lord C. Longitudinal follow-up of academic achievement in children with autism from age 2 to 18. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry. 2016; 59: 258–267.
Blumberg SJ, Zablotsky B, Avila RM, Colpe LJ, Pringle BA, Kogan MD. Diagnosis lost: Differences between children who had and who currently have an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Autism. 2016; 20(7): 783-795.
Shulman L, D'Agostino E, Lee S, Valicenti-McDermott M, Seijo R, Tulloch E, et al. When an Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Resolves, What Remains? J. Child. Neurol. 2019; 34(7): 382-386.
Miodovnik A, Harstad E, Sideridis G, Huntington N. Timing of the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pediatrics 2021; 136(4): 831-837.
Fusar-Poli L, Cavone V, Tinacci S, Concas I, Petralia A, Signorelli MS, et al. Cannabinoids for People with ASD: A Systematic Review of Published and Ongoing Studies. Brain. Sci. 2020;10(9):572.
Ruzich E, Allison C, Smith P, Watson P, Auyeung B, Ring H, et al. Measuring autistic traits in the general population: a systematic review of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a nonclinical population sample of 6,900 typical adult males and females. Mol. Autism. 2015; 6:2. Erratum in: Mol Autism. 2015; 6: 45.
Eyuboglu M, Baykara B, Eyuboglu D. Broad autism phenotype: theory of mind and empathy skills in unaffected siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psych. Clin. Psychopharm. 2018; 28(1): 36-42.
Department of Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health. Understanding the infodemic and misinformation in the fight against COVID-19. Washington D.C.: PAHO Press; 2020.
Fenton A, Krahn T. Autism, Neurodiversity and Equality Beyond the Normal. J. Ethics. Mental. Health 2009; 2(2): 2.
Cage E, Di Monaco J, Newell V. Experiences of Autism Acceptance and Mental Health in Autistic Adults. J. Autism. Dev. Disord. 2018; 48: 473–484.
Hull L, Petrides KV, Allison C, Smith P, Baron-Cohen S, Lai MC, et al. «Putting on My Best Normal»: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions. J. Autism. Dev. Disord. 2017; 47: 2519–2534.
Weintraub K. The prevalence puzzle: Autism counts. Nature. 2011; 479(7371):22-24.
Cañari, B., Moya-Salazar, J., & Contreras-Pulache, H. (2023). Is it Possible to Get Out of Autism? Boys Over flowers (2009) and Yoon Ji Hoo’s Autistic Parsimony. Journal of Medicine and Movies, 19(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.14201/rmc.31195
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