A Reflection about the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Audiovisual Industry
Abstract It presents a reflection on six audiovisual products that cover from 1988 with the film Rain Man, until 2023 with the series The Good Doctor, in which we can observe the transition of the perception of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the last 35 years. Of these audiovisual products, four are based on fictional characters and two of these is based on a real-life case. Products of this type have been increasing in number, meaning that those can be a tool for awareness and knowledge on this subject, moving from a concept of frank disability to one of different skills. These products can be used as an informative and educational medium for families and people close to individuals affected by this condition.
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Young LS. Awareness with Accuracy: An Analysis of the Representation of Autism in Film and Television. Research Papers. 2012; Paper 256.
Vélez van Meerbeke A. Neurociencia y cine. Universidad del Rosario; 2019. 131-146 p.
Levia R, Jufrizal J, Marlina L. The study of language disorder of an autistic savant portrayed in Levinson’s Rain Man film. 1988. Engl. Lang. Lit. 2019; 8(1): 120-128.
Conn R, Bhugra D. The portrayal of autism in Hollywood films. Int. J. Cult. Ment. Health. 2012; 5(1): 54-62
Temple Grandin (2010) Película - PLAY Cine. ABC. 2017.
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Edelson SM, Edelson MG, Kerr DCR, Grandin T. Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Deep Pressure on Children With Autism: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Grandin’s Hug Machine. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 1999; 53(2): 145-52.
The Autism History Project. Temple Grandin, 1947.
Belcher C, Maich K. Autism Spectrum Disorders in Popular Media: Storied Reflections of Societal Views. Brock Educ. 2014; 23(2): 97-115.
Antunes B, Trevisan D, Pilecco G, Da Silva ME, Fontinelli N, Pretto J. Movie Review “The Lighthouse of the Orcas” under the eyes of Cognitive. Research, Society and Development. 2020; 9(2): 1-15.
Draaisma D. Stereotypes of autism. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2009; 364(1522): 1475-1480.
Las orcas que ayudaron a un niño autista inspiran una película | Ciencia | El Mundo. 26 febrero 2016.
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J Sams M, V Fortney E, Willenbring S. Occupational therapy incorporating animals for children with autism: A pilot investigation. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 2006; 60(3): 268-74.
Tellier M, Vila M. Protocolos de actividades para usuarios con trastornos de espectro autista en un programa de terapia asistida por animales (TEAAC). Fundación Affinity.
Baños JE, Cambra-Badii I, Elena Guardiola E. A physician with autism in a TV series. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(10): 844.
Cambra-Badii I, Pinar A, Baños JE. The Good Doctor and bioethical principles: A content analysis. Educación Médica. 2021; 22(2): 84-88.
Lord, Catherine et al. Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet. 2018; 392(10146): 508-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31129
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Tendlarz, Silvia Elena; Beltran, Mauricio. El autismo en el cine y en los documentales. IX Congreso Internacional de Investigación y Práctica Profesional en Psicología XXIV Jornadas de Investigación XIII Encuentro de Investigadores en Psicología del MERCOSUR. Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. 2017.
Sacilotto E, Salvato G, Villa F, Salvi F, Bottini G. Through the Looking Glass: A Scoping Review of Cinema and Video Therapy. Front. Psychol. 2022; 12: 732246.
Genovese A, Butler MG. The Autism Spectrum: Behavioral, Psychiatric and Genetic Associations. Genes (Basel). 2023;14(3): 677. PMID: 36980949; PMCID: PMC10048473.
Fajardo, K A M, Álvarez D E S, Zambrano V P P. Perfil epidemiológico del autismo en Latinoamérica. Salud & Ciencias Medicas. 2021; 1(2): 14-25.
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Mottron L, Bzdok D. Autism spectrum heterogeneity: fact or artifact? Mol Psychiatry. 2020; 25(12): 3178-3185.
Hirota T, King BH. Autism spectrum disorder. JAMA. 2023; 329(2): 157-168.
Friedman L, Sterling A. A review of language, executive function, and intervention in autism spectrum disorder. Semin. Speech. Lang. 2019; 40(04): 291–304.
Poon KK, Sidhu DJK. Adults with autism spectrum disorders. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2017; 30(2): 77–84.
Wijdicks EFM. Neurocinema: When Film Meets Neurology. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2014. 314 p.
Collado Vázquez S, Carrillo Esteban JM. Cine y neurología: primeras aplicaciones docentes. Rev. Neurol. 2015; 60(5): 229.
Hernández Martínez VA, Cabral López de la Cerda D, Molina Gardida M, Camacho Gómez I. El Cine Como Recurso Psicoeducativo para familiares de personas diagnosticadas con transtornos del espectro autista. Revista Psicología y Ciencia Social. 2019; 14 (1): 1-12.
Matusevich M, Matusevich D. Pictures of autism in the American cinema. Vertex. 2005; 16(62): 301-305.
Young LS. Awareness with Accuracy: An Analysis of the Representation of Autism in Film and Television. Research Papers. 2012; Paper 256.
Vélez van Meerbeke A. Neurociencia y cine. Universidad del Rosario; 2019. 131-146 p.
Levia R, Jufrizal J, Marlina L. The study of language disorder of an autistic savant portrayed in Levinson’s Rain Man film. 1988. Engl. Lang. Lit. 2019; 8(1): 120-128.
Conn R, Bhugra D. The portrayal of autism in Hollywood films. Int. J. Cult. Ment. Health. 2012; 5(1): 54-62
Temple Grandin (2010) Película - PLAY Cine. ABC. 2017.
Grandin T. An Inside View of Autism. En: Eric Schopler, Gary B. Mesibov (eds.). High-Functioning Individuals with Autism. New York Springer; 1992. p. 105-26.
Edelson SM, Edelson MG, Kerr DCR, Grandin T. Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Deep Pressure on Children With Autism: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Grandin’s Hug Machine. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 1999; 53(2): 145-52.
The Autism History Project. Temple Grandin, 1947.
Belcher C, Maich K. Autism Spectrum Disorders in Popular Media: Storied Reflections of Societal Views. Brock Educ. 2014; 23(2): 97-115.
Antunes B, Trevisan D, Pilecco G, Da Silva ME, Fontinelli N, Pretto J. Movie Review “The Lighthouse of the Orcas” under the eyes of Cognitive. Research, Society and Development. 2020; 9(2): 1-15.
Draaisma D. Stereotypes of autism. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2009; 364(1522): 1475-1480.
Las orcas que ayudaron a un niño autista inspiran una película | Ciencia | El Mundo. 26 febrero 2016.
El faro de las orcas (2016).
J Sams M, V Fortney E, Willenbring S. Occupational therapy incorporating animals for children with autism: A pilot investigation. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 2006; 60(3): 268-74.
Tellier M, Vila M. Protocolos de actividades para usuarios con trastornos de espectro autista en un programa de terapia asistida por animales (TEAAC). Fundación Affinity.
Baños JE, Cambra-Badii I, Elena Guardiola E. A physician with autism in a TV series. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(10): 844.
Cambra-Badii I, Pinar A, Baños JE. The Good Doctor and bioethical principles: A content analysis. Educación Médica. 2021; 22(2): 84-88.
Lord, Catherine et al. Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet. 2018; 392(10146): 508-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31129
Araujo, A. G. R., Silva, M. A. D., & Zanon, R. B. Autismo, neurodiversidades e estigma: perspectivas políticas e de inclusão. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional. 2023; 27: e247367.
Tendlarz, Silvia Elena; Beltran, Mauricio. El autismo en el cine y en los documentales. IX Congreso Internacional de Investigación y Práctica Profesional en Psicología XXIV Jornadas de Investigación XIII Encuentro de Investigadores en Psicología del MERCOSUR. Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. 2017.
Sacilotto E, Salvato G, Villa F, Salvi F, Bottini G. Through the Looking Glass: A Scoping Review of Cinema and Video Therapy. Front. Psychol. 2022; 12: 732246.
Genovese A, Butler MG. The Autism Spectrum: Behavioral, Psychiatric and Genetic Associations. Genes (Basel). 2023;14(3): 677. PMID: 36980949; PMCID: PMC10048473.
Fajardo, K A M, Álvarez D E S, Zambrano V P P. Perfil epidemiológico del autismo en Latinoamérica. Salud & Ciencias Medicas. 2021; 1(2): 14-25.
Toloza Ramírez D, Iturra Pedreros C, Iturra Pedreros G. Deterioro Cognitivo y Demencias en Adultos con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Rev. Ecuat. Neurol. 2020; 29(2): 92-102. http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2631-25812020000200092&lng=es.
Mottron L, Bzdok D. Autism spectrum heterogeneity: fact or artifact? Mol Psychiatry. 2020; 25(12): 3178-3185.
Hirota T, King BH. Autism spectrum disorder. JAMA. 2023; 329(2): 157-168.
Friedman L, Sterling A. A review of language, executive function, and intervention in autism spectrum disorder. Semin. Speech. Lang. 2019; 40(04): 291–304.
Poon KK, Sidhu DJK. Adults with autism spectrum disorders. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry. 2017; 30(2): 77–84.
Wijdicks EFM. Neurocinema: When Film Meets Neurology. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2014. 314 p.
Collado Vázquez S, Carrillo Esteban JM. Cine y neurología: primeras aplicaciones docentes. Rev. Neurol. 2015; 60(5): 229.
Hernández Martínez VA, Cabral López de la Cerda D, Molina Gardida M, Camacho Gómez I. El Cine Como Recurso Psicoeducativo para familiares de personas diagnosticadas con transtornos del espectro autista. Revista Psicología y Ciencia Social. 2019; 14 (1): 1-12.
Rodríguez-Ucros, Ángela M., Hernández-Pabón, J. C., & Palacios- Sánchez, L. (2024). A Reflection about the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Audiovisual Industry. Journal of Medicine and Movies, 20(2), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.14201/rmc.26659
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