«I Am Legend»: comparison of the fictional virus infection and Rabies virus
Abstract
Using the movie I am legend (2007) by, the rabies virus infection is reviewed in this article, given its strong resemblance to the fictional disease created in this film caused by the virus Krippin. A review of history, virus characteristics, viral transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, mortality, treatment and prevention, are presented and are contrasted with the film.
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Adedeji AO, Okonko IO, Eyarefe OD, Adedeji OB, Babalola ET, Ojezele MO, et al. An overview of rabies – History, epidemiology, control and possible elimination. Afr J Microbiol Res 2010; 4: 2327-38.
Arai YT, Kuzmin IV, Kameoka Y, Botvinkin AD. New Lyssavirus genotype from the lesser mouse-eared bat (Nyotis blythi), Kyrghyzstan. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 333-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0903.020252
Aréchiga CN, Vázquez MS, Berciano KM, Nicolás O, Aznar LC, Juste J, et al. Novel Lyssavirus in bat, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19: 793-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1905.121071
Bonattia H, Sawyera R, Dicksonb RC, Razonablec R, Schmitta T, Mendezb J, et al. Transmission of viral disease to the recipient through the donor liver. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2007; 12: 231-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOT.0b013e32814e6b67
Botvinkin AD, Poleschuk EM, Kuzmin IV, Borisova TI, Gazaryan SV, Yager P, et al. Novel Lyssaviruses isolated from bats in Russia. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 16235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0912.030374
Camacho Aguilera JF. Epidemia: Un repaso a la fiebre hemorrágica por Ébola. Rev Med Cine 2013; 9: 70-81.
Carrada-Bravo T. Rabia: Visión nueva de un mal milenario. Rev Mex Patol Clin 2004; 51: 153-166.
Cunha EMS, Nassar AFC, Lara MCCSH, Villalobos ECM, Sato G, Kobayashi Y, et al. Pathogenicity of different rabies virus isolates and protection test in vaccinated mice. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2010; 52: 231-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652010000500002
David D, Yakobson BA. Review article: Dogs serve as a reservoir and transmit rabies in Israel. Is history repeating itself? Israel J Vet Med 2011; 66: 3-8.
Freuling CM, Beer M, Conraths FJ, Finke S, Hoffmann B, Keller B, et al. Novel Lyssavirus in Natterer’s bat, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17: 1519-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110201
García Sánchez JE, García Sánchez E. Realidad y realismo de la medicina en el cine. Rev Med Cine 2007; 3: 127-8.
Goldrick BA. Human rabies: Unusual cases shine the spotlight on an old disease. Am J Nursing 2005; 105: 31-3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200505000-00024
Han MH, Zunt JR. Neurologic aspects of infections in international travelers. The Neurologist 2005; 11: 30-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nrl.0000149972.87731.0f
ICTV/International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Virus Taxonomy: 2012 Release. Consultado el 5 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: http://www.ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp?version=2012&bhcp=1
Jakson AC. Rabies: New insights into pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Opin Neurol 2006; 19: 267-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wco.0000227036.93199.3b
Krippin Virus. I Am Legend Wiki. Consultado el 5 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: http://imlegend.wikia.com/wiki/Krippin_V irus
Krippin Virus. Zombiepedia. Consultado el 5 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: http://zombie.wikia.com/wiki/Krippin_V irus
Llamas LL, Orozco PE. Rabia: Infección viral del sistema nervioso central. Rev Mex Neuroci 2009; 10: 212-9.
Marston DA, Horton DL, Ngeleja C, Hampson K, McElhinney LM, Banyard AC, et al. Ikoma Lyssavirus, highly divergent novel Lyssavirus in an african civet. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18: 664-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1804.111553
Maschke M Kastrup O, Forsting M, Diener HC. Update on neuroimaging in factious central nervous system disease. Curr Opin Neurol 2004; 17: 475-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wco.0000137540.29857.bf
Moratal Ibañez LM, Bertilotti L, Debenedetti S, Degrossi C, Aldana MH. Aplicación del cine como estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza de la investigación científica. Rev Med Cine 2010; 6: 24-8.
Romero JR, Newland JG. Diagnosis of viral encephalitides: Zoonotic-associated viruses. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25: 741-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000227815.41511.3b
Sánchez M. Bioseguridad y armas biológicas: La amenaza de Andrómeda (1971). Rev Med Cine 2011; 7: 15-20.
Soy leyenda (película). Wikipedia. Consultado el 5 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_leyenda_(pel%C3%ADcula)
Warrell MJ, Warrell DA. Rabies and other lyssavirus diseases. Lancet 2004; 363: 959-69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15792-9
Warrell MJ. Emerging aspects of rabies infection: With a special emphasis on children. Curr
Wilck M, Fishman JA. The challenges of infection in transplantation: Donorderived infections. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2005; 10: 301-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mot.0000183245.66967.b3
Willoughby RE, Dhonau HL, Cappozzo DL, Kazmierczak JJ, Rupprecht CE, Newman AP. Recovery of a patient from clinical rabies—Wisconsin, 2004. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004; 53: 1171-3.
Wyand WB. Reducing the risk of rabies. Nursing 2003; 33: 20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200310000-00024
Wyatt J. Rabies–Update on a global disease. Pediatric Infect Dis J 2007; 26: 351-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000258776.47697.97
Arai YT, Kuzmin IV, Kameoka Y, Botvinkin AD. New Lyssavirus genotype from the lesser mouse-eared bat (Nyotis blythi), Kyrghyzstan. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 333-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0903.020252
Aréchiga CN, Vázquez MS, Berciano KM, Nicolás O, Aznar LC, Juste J, et al. Novel Lyssavirus in bat, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19: 793-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1905.121071
Bonattia H, Sawyera R, Dicksonb RC, Razonablec R, Schmitta T, Mendezb J, et al. Transmission of viral disease to the recipient through the donor liver. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2007; 12: 231-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOT.0b013e32814e6b67
Botvinkin AD, Poleschuk EM, Kuzmin IV, Borisova TI, Gazaryan SV, Yager P, et al. Novel Lyssaviruses isolated from bats in Russia. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 16235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0912.030374
Camacho Aguilera JF. Epidemia: Un repaso a la fiebre hemorrágica por Ébola. Rev Med Cine 2013; 9: 70-81.
Carrada-Bravo T. Rabia: Visión nueva de un mal milenario. Rev Mex Patol Clin 2004; 51: 153-166.
Cunha EMS, Nassar AFC, Lara MCCSH, Villalobos ECM, Sato G, Kobayashi Y, et al. Pathogenicity of different rabies virus isolates and protection test in vaccinated mice. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2010; 52: 231-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652010000500002
David D, Yakobson BA. Review article: Dogs serve as a reservoir and transmit rabies in Israel. Is history repeating itself? Israel J Vet Med 2011; 66: 3-8.
Freuling CM, Beer M, Conraths FJ, Finke S, Hoffmann B, Keller B, et al. Novel Lyssavirus in Natterer’s bat, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17: 1519-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1708.110201
García Sánchez JE, García Sánchez E. Realidad y realismo de la medicina en el cine. Rev Med Cine 2007; 3: 127-8.
Goldrick BA. Human rabies: Unusual cases shine the spotlight on an old disease. Am J Nursing 2005; 105: 31-3.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200505000-00024
Han MH, Zunt JR. Neurologic aspects of infections in international travelers. The Neurologist 2005; 11: 30-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nrl.0000149972.87731.0f
ICTV/International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Virus Taxonomy: 2012 Release. Consultado el 5 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: http://www.ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp?version=2012&bhcp=1
Jakson AC. Rabies: New insights into pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Opin Neurol 2006; 19: 267-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wco.0000227036.93199.3b
Krippin Virus. I Am Legend Wiki. Consultado el 5 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: http://imlegend.wikia.com/wiki/Krippin_V irus
Krippin Virus. Zombiepedia. Consultado el 5 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: http://zombie.wikia.com/wiki/Krippin_V irus
Llamas LL, Orozco PE. Rabia: Infección viral del sistema nervioso central. Rev Mex Neuroci 2009; 10: 212-9.
Marston DA, Horton DL, Ngeleja C, Hampson K, McElhinney LM, Banyard AC, et al. Ikoma Lyssavirus, highly divergent novel Lyssavirus in an african civet. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18: 664-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1804.111553
Maschke M Kastrup O, Forsting M, Diener HC. Update on neuroimaging in factious central nervous system disease. Curr Opin Neurol 2004; 17: 475-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wco.0000137540.29857.bf
Moratal Ibañez LM, Bertilotti L, Debenedetti S, Degrossi C, Aldana MH. Aplicación del cine como estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza de la investigación científica. Rev Med Cine 2010; 6: 24-8.
Romero JR, Newland JG. Diagnosis of viral encephalitides: Zoonotic-associated viruses. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25: 741-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000227815.41511.3b
Sánchez M. Bioseguridad y armas biológicas: La amenaza de Andrómeda (1971). Rev Med Cine 2011; 7: 15-20.
Soy leyenda (película). Wikipedia. Consultado el 5 de septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_leyenda_(pel%C3%ADcula)
Warrell MJ, Warrell DA. Rabies and other lyssavirus diseases. Lancet 2004; 363: 959-69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15792-9
Warrell MJ. Emerging aspects of rabies infection: With a special emphasis on children. Curr
Wilck M, Fishman JA. The challenges of infection in transplantation: Donorderived infections. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2005; 10: 301-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mot.0000183245.66967.b3
Willoughby RE, Dhonau HL, Cappozzo DL, Kazmierczak JJ, Rupprecht CE, Newman AP. Recovery of a patient from clinical rabies—Wisconsin, 2004. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004; 53: 1171-3.
Wyand WB. Reducing the risk of rabies. Nursing 2003; 33: 20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200310000-00024
Wyatt J. Rabies–Update on a global disease. Pediatric Infect Dis J 2007; 26: 351-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000258776.47697.97
Camacho Aguilera, J. F. (2014). «I Am Legend»: comparison of the fictional virus infection and Rabies virus. Journal of Medicine and Movies, 10(1), 26–36. Retrieved from https://revistas.usal.es/cinco/index.php/medicina_y_cine/article/view/13627
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