Influence of the Lactating Woman’s Diet on the Development of Child Allergies: A Literature Review
Abstract Introduction: The increase in allergic diseases in recent years has been associated with genetic and environmental factors, including breast milk feeding, which may prevent allergy or, on the contrary, sensitise to certain allergens, depending on the composition of the milk itself, the infant’s immune system or their epigenetics. The objective of this bibliographic review is to evaluate the level of scientific evidence that currently exists on the impact that maternal diet during breastfeeding has on the prevention or development of allergic diseases in children. Methodology: A bibliographic review has been carried out by consulting PubMed, TripDatabase and Cochrane Library databases for all articles written in English in the last 5 years, reviewing abstracts and complete articles. Discussion: Randomised controlled studies are ethically difficult to conduct, so most published studies are observational and subject to bias. Some studies have found associations between maternal consumption of saturated fats and cow’s milk and a lower prevalence of allergic diseases. However, other reviews conclude that there is insufficient evidence to assert the impact of maternal diet on allergies. Other factors, such as exposure to environmental allergens and genetics, also play a role. Conclusions: The heterogeneity of the results may be because many of the studies are observational and, therefore, do not control the influential external variables well. This could be solved by carrying out more clinical trials that adequately control all these variables.
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Kramer MS, Kakuma R. Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child. Cochrane Libr [Internet]. 2012;2012(9). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22972039/
Metcalfe JR, Marsh JA, D’Vaz N, Geddes DT, Lai CT, Prescott SL et al. Effects of maternal dietary egg intake during early lactation on human milk ovalbumin concentration: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy [Internet]. 2016;46(12):1605-13. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27562481/
Taylor R, Keane D, Borrego P, Arcaro K. Effect of maternal diet on maternal milk and breastfed infant gut microbiomes: A scoping review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2023;15(6):1420. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36986148/
Friedman NJ, Zeiger RS. The role of breast-feeding in the development of allergies and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2005;115(6):1238-48. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15940141/
Sicherer SH, Burks AW. Maternal and infant diets for prevention of allergic diseases: understanding menu changes in 2008. J Allergy Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2008;122(1):29-33. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18547624/
Schocker F, Jappe U. Breastfeeding: Maternally transferred allergens in breast milk: Protective or sensitizing? Mol Nutr Food Res [Internet]. 2022;66(15). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35619210/
Jeurink PV, Knipping K, Wiens F, Barańska K, Stahl B, Garssen J et al. Importance of maternal diet in the training of the infant’s immune system during gestation and lactation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2019;59(8):1311-9. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29393671/
Palmer DJ, Silva DT, Prescott SL. Maternal peanut and egg consumption during breastfeeding randomized pilot trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol [Internet]. 2022;33(9). Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pai.13845
Miliku K, Azad M. Breastfeeding and the developmental origins of asthma: Current evidence, possible mechanisms, and future research priorities. Nutrients [Internet]. 2018;10(8):995. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30061501/
Stråvik M, Barman M, Hesselmar B, Sandin A, Wold AE, Sandberg A-S. Maternal intake of cow’s milk during lactation is associated with lower prevalence of food allergy in offspring. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(12):3680. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33260602/
Sozańska B, Sikorska-Szaflik H. Diet modifications in primary prevention of asthma. Where do we stand? Nutrients [Internet]. 2021;13(1):173. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33429965/
Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, Abrams SA, Fuchs GJ III, Kim JH et al. The effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: The role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, hydrolyzed formulas, and timing of introduction of allergenic complementary foods. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2019;143(4). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30886111/
Wang L-C, Chiang B-L, Huang Y-M, Shen P-T, Huang H-Y, Lin B-F. Lower vitamin D levels in the breast milk is associated with atopic dermatitis in early infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol [Internet]. 2020;31(3):258-64. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31758588/
Tena’ain NAH, Shukri NAM. Food allergens in maternal diet during breastfeeding and outcome of elimination diet on infant allergy development: A systematic review. Inter J Health Allied SCI [Internet]. 2020;4(3):1216-28. Disponible en: https://journals.iium.edu.my/ijahs/index.php/IJAHS/article/view/481
Donovan S, Dewey K, Novotny R, Stang J, Taveras E, Kleinman R et al. Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and risk of child food allergies and atopic allergic diseases: A systematic review. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review; 2020;46(12):1605-13. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578647/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35289989/
Demers-Mathieu V, Lavangnananda S. Restricting cow’s milk in the maternal diet reduces the titers of β-lactoglobulin-specific IgG antibodies in human milk. Breastfeed Med [Internet]. 2022;17(6):501-5. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35325546/
Landau T, Vakulenko-Lagun B, Brandwein M. The protective effect of moderate maternal peanut consumption on peanut sensitization and allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol [Internet]. 2023;131(2):231-8. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37098405/
Nagakura K-I, Sato S, Shinahara W, Kido H, Fujita H, Yanai T et al. Effect of maternal egg intake during the early neonatal period and risk of infant egg allergy at 12 months among breastfeeding mothers: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2023;6(7). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37428506/
Devonshire AL, Robison RG. Prevention of food allergy. Allergy Asthma Proc [Internet]. 2019;40(6):450-2. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31690392/
Abrams EM, Shaker MS, Chan ES, Brough HA, Greenhawt M. Prevention of food allergy in infancy: the role of maternal interventions and exposures during pregnancy and lactation. Lancet Child Adolesc Health [Internet]. 2023;7(5):358-66. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36871575/
Calatayud Sáez F, Calatayud Moscoso del Prado B, Luque Navas M, Calatayud Moscoso del Prado A, Gallego Fernández-Pacheco JG, Rivas Ruiz F. Effects of the affinity to the Mediterranean diet pattern together with breastfeeding on the incidence of childhood asthma and other inflammatory and recurrent diseases. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) [Internet]. 2021;49(6):48-55. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34761656/
Metcalfe JR, Marsh JA, D’Vaz N, Geddes DT, Lai CT, Prescott SL et al. Effects of maternal dietary egg intake during early lactation on human milk ovalbumin concentration: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy [Internet]. 2016;46(12):1605-13. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27562481/
Taylor R, Keane D, Borrego P, Arcaro K. Effect of maternal diet on maternal milk and breastfed infant gut microbiomes: A scoping review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2023;15(6):1420. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36986148/
Friedman NJ, Zeiger RS. The role of breast-feeding in the development of allergies and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2005;115(6):1238-48. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15940141/
Sicherer SH, Burks AW. Maternal and infant diets for prevention of allergic diseases: understanding menu changes in 2008. J Allergy Clin Immunol [Internet]. 2008;122(1):29-33. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18547624/
Schocker F, Jappe U. Breastfeeding: Maternally transferred allergens in breast milk: Protective or sensitizing? Mol Nutr Food Res [Internet]. 2022;66(15). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35619210/
Jeurink PV, Knipping K, Wiens F, Barańska K, Stahl B, Garssen J et al. Importance of maternal diet in the training of the infant’s immune system during gestation and lactation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2019;59(8):1311-9. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29393671/
Palmer DJ, Silva DT, Prescott SL. Maternal peanut and egg consumption during breastfeeding randomized pilot trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol [Internet]. 2022;33(9). Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pai.13845
Miliku K, Azad M. Breastfeeding and the developmental origins of asthma: Current evidence, possible mechanisms, and future research priorities. Nutrients [Internet]. 2018;10(8):995. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30061501/
Stråvik M, Barman M, Hesselmar B, Sandin A, Wold AE, Sandberg A-S. Maternal intake of cow’s milk during lactation is associated with lower prevalence of food allergy in offspring. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020;12(12):3680. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33260602/
Sozańska B, Sikorska-Szaflik H. Diet modifications in primary prevention of asthma. Where do we stand? Nutrients [Internet]. 2021;13(1):173. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33429965/
Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, Abrams SA, Fuchs GJ III, Kim JH et al. The effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: The role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, hydrolyzed formulas, and timing of introduction of allergenic complementary foods. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2019;143(4). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30886111/
Wang L-C, Chiang B-L, Huang Y-M, Shen P-T, Huang H-Y, Lin B-F. Lower vitamin D levels in the breast milk is associated with atopic dermatitis in early infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol [Internet]. 2020;31(3):258-64. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31758588/
Tena’ain NAH, Shukri NAM. Food allergens in maternal diet during breastfeeding and outcome of elimination diet on infant allergy development: A systematic review. Inter J Health Allied SCI [Internet]. 2020;4(3):1216-28. Disponible en: https://journals.iium.edu.my/ijahs/index.php/IJAHS/article/view/481
Donovan S, Dewey K, Novotny R, Stang J, Taveras E, Kleinman R et al. Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and risk of child food allergies and atopic allergic diseases: A systematic review. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review; 2020;46(12):1605-13. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK578647/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35289989/
Demers-Mathieu V, Lavangnananda S. Restricting cow’s milk in the maternal diet reduces the titers of β-lactoglobulin-specific IgG antibodies in human milk. Breastfeed Med [Internet]. 2022;17(6):501-5. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35325546/
Landau T, Vakulenko-Lagun B, Brandwein M. The protective effect of moderate maternal peanut consumption on peanut sensitization and allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol [Internet]. 2023;131(2):231-8. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37098405/
Nagakura K-I, Sato S, Shinahara W, Kido H, Fujita H, Yanai T et al. Effect of maternal egg intake during the early neonatal period and risk of infant egg allergy at 12 months among breastfeeding mothers: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2023;6(7). Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37428506/
Devonshire AL, Robison RG. Prevention of food allergy. Allergy Asthma Proc [Internet]. 2019;40(6):450-2. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31690392/
Abrams EM, Shaker MS, Chan ES, Brough HA, Greenhawt M. Prevention of food allergy in infancy: the role of maternal interventions and exposures during pregnancy and lactation. Lancet Child Adolesc Health [Internet]. 2023;7(5):358-66. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36871575/
Calatayud Sáez F, Calatayud Moscoso del Prado B, Luque Navas M, Calatayud Moscoso del Prado A, Gallego Fernández-Pacheco JG, Rivas Ruiz F. Effects of the affinity to the Mediterranean diet pattern together with breastfeeding on the incidence of childhood asthma and other inflammatory and recurrent diseases. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) [Internet]. 2021;49(6):48-55. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34761656/
Borrego Mateos, R., & Sanz Durán, L. (2024). Influence of the Lactating Woman’s Diet on the Development of Child Allergies: A Literature Review. Revista De Lactancia Materna, 2, e31825. https://doi.org/10.14201/rlm.31825
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