Breastfeeding Consultation: A New Approach
Abstract Introduction: Professional support during breastfeeding has beneficial effects on both it’s experience and duration. However, providing this support can be challenging and there is a need for more knowledge about the prerequisites for an effective and satisfying assistance. The objective of this article is to reflect on the difficulties and errors in professional breasfeeding care in public health services, as well as to describe and explore more favorable conditions for professional support to be truly valuable for women and their families. Methods: The design of the article is discursive, drawing on the authors’ own experiences. The ideas presented are supported by literature and theory. Results: Continuous training and enthusiastic attention are not enough to achieve the goal. In addition to supportting and addressing the most obvious specific problems, it will be essential to investigate how these difficulties affect the different spheres or systems, assessing the main needs, with special interest in the emotional, relational and internalization of experiences. Conclusions: A profound paradigm shift is necessary that involves a whole team willing to explore their own beliefs and values, and provide comprehensive and individualized care holistically focused on the mother-baby dyad and their environment, trusting in their ability to self-organize during the process until they achieve greater balance and autonomy. The new model should be evaluated in future research. The objective is to improve the prevention and the effective resolution of problems, provide greater satisfaction, and improve breastfeeding rates, leading to a positive cost-benefit balance.
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2. Chang YS, Beake S, Kam J, Lok KYW, Bick D. Views and experiences of women, peer supporters and healthcare professionals on breastfeeding peer support: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Midwifery [Internet]. 2022 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];108:103299. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2022.103299
3. Patel S, Patel S. The effectiveness of lactation consultants and lactation counselors on breastfeeding outcomes. J Hum Lact [Internet]. 2016 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];32(3):530-41. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334415618668
4. Olza I. Lactivista. 1.ª ed. Tenerife: Ob Stare; 2013.
5. Gavine A, MacGillivray S, Renfrew MJ, Siebelt L, Haggi H, McFadden A. Education and training of healthcare staff in the knowledge, attitudes and skills needed to work effectively with breastfeeding women: A systematic review. Int Breastfeed J [Internet]. 2017 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];12(1):1-10. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0097-2
6. Ekström A, Widström AM, Nissen E. Process-oriented training in breastfeeding alters attitudes to breastfeeding in health professionals. Scand J Public Health [Internet]. 2005 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];33(6):424-31. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940510005923
7. Ekström A, Nissen E. A mother’s feelings for her infant are strengthened by excellent breastfeeding counseling and continuity of care. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2006 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];118(2):309-14. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2064
8. Ekström A, Thorstensson S. Nurses and midwives professional support increases with improved attitudes - design and effects of a longitudinal randomized controlled process-oriented intervention. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2015 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];15(1):1-9. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0712-z
9. Glouberman S, Zimmerman B. Complicated and Complex Systems: What Would Successful Reform of Medicare Look Like? [Internet]. Ottawa: Government of Canada. Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada; 2002 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022]. Disponible en: https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/235920/publication.html
10. Sturmberg JP. Health and disease are dynamic complex-adaptive states. Implications for practice and research. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];12:595124. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039389/
11. Barceló T. Las actitudes básicas rogerianas en la entrevista de relación de ayuda. Miscelánea Comillas [Internet]. 2012 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];70:123-60. Disponible en: https://revistas.comillas.edu/index.php/miscelaneacomillas/article/view/722/598
12. Ramírez Matos E. Psicología del posparto. 2.ª ed. Madrid: Síntesis; 2022.
13. Izzedin-Bouquet R. El método de observación de bebés de Esther Bick. Perinatol Reprod Hum [Internet]. 2009 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];23(4):219-22. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/inper/ip-2009/ip094e.pdf
14. Martínez Lozano E. Psicología transpersonal para la vida cotidiana: claves y recursos. 1.ª ed. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer; 2020.
15. Uvnäs-Moberg K. Oxitocina: la hormona de la calma, el amor y la sanación. 1.ª ed. Barcelona: Obelisco; 2009.
16. Zanardo V, Nicolussi S, Giacomin C, Faggian D, Favaro F, Plebani M. Labor pain effects on colostral milk beta-endorphin concentrations of lactating mothers. Biol Neonate [Internet]. 2001 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];79(2):87-90. Disponible en: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/47072
17. Hoff CE, Movva N, Rosen Vollmar AK, Pérez-Escamilla R. Impact of maternal anxiety on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2019 [Citado el 14 de julio de 2022];10(5):816-26. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831322004203?via%3Dihub
18. Gómez L, Verd S, de-la-Banda G, Cardo E, Servera M, Filgueira A et al. Perinatal psychological interventions to promote breastfeeding: a narrative review. Int Breastfeed J [Internet]. 2021;16(1):1-16. Disponible en: https://internationalbreastfeedingjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13006-020-00348-y
19. Yu J, Wells J, Wei Z, Fewtrell M. Randomized trial comparing the physiological and psychological effects of different relaxation interventions in chinese women breastfeeding their healthy term Infant. Breastfeed Med Off J Acad Breastfeed Med [Internet]. 2019;14(1):33-8. Disponible en: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2018.0148
20. Jayamala AK, Lakshmanagowda PB, Pradeep GCM, Goturu J. Impact of music therapy on breast milk secretion in mothers of premature newborns. J Clin Diagnostic Res [Internet]. 2015;9(4):CC04-6. Disponible en: https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/5776/11642_CE(Ra1)_F(GH)_PF1(PAK)_PFA(AK)_PF2(PAG).pdf
21. Shukri NHM, Wells J, Mukhtar F, Lee MHS, Fewtrell M. Study protocol: An investigation of mother-infant signalling during breastfeeding using a randomised trial to test the effectiveness of breastfeeding relaxation therapy on maternal psychological state, breast milk production and infant behaviour and growth. Int Breastfeed J [Internet]. 2017;12(1):1-14. Disponible en: https://internationalbreastfeedingjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13006-017-0124-y
22. Fotiou C, Siahanidou T, Vlastarakos PV, Tavoulari EF, Chrousos G. The effect of body and mind stress-releasing techniques on the breastfeeding of full-term babies; a critical analysis of published interventional studies. J Matern Neonatal Med [Internet]. 2018;31(1):98-105. Disponible en: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14767058.2016.1275547?journalCode=ijmf20
23. Dib S, Wells JCK, Fewtrell M. Mother and late preterm lactation study (MAPLeS): a randomised controlled trial testing the use of a breastfeeding meditation by mothers of late preterm infants on maternal psychological state, breast milk composition and volume, and infant behaviour and growth. Trials [Internet]. 2020;21(1):1-11. Disponible en: https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-020-4225-3
24. Mohd Shukri NH, Wells J, Eaton S, Mukhtar F, Petelin A, Jenko-Pražnikar Z et al. Randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a breastfeeding relaxation intervention on maternal psychological state, breast milk outcomes, and infant behavior and growth. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2019;110(1):121-30. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz033
Zamora Delmás, L., Nueno Mairal, B., Gonzalo del Moral, T., Gallego Córdoba, S., Jara, Vilarrasa García, M., Pequeño Álvarez, J., & Jové Ortega, E. (2023). Breastfeeding Consultation: A New Approach. Revista De Lactancia Materna, 1(1), e30770. https://doi.org/10.14201/rlm.30770
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