Evaluación de la seguridad en la práctica clínica habitual de los inhibidores de la JAK en pacientes con dermatitis atópica moderada a grave

Abstract

The safety of JAK inhibitors was studied in 19 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis at the Hospital Universitario de Cáceres. A retrospective observational study was conducted with abrocitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib, analyzing adverse effects and treatment reduction or discontinuation until January 16, 2025. All patients had previously been treated with cyclosporine without success. Adverse reactions occurred in 88.89 % of patients, with differences depending on the drug. With abrocitinib, 83.33 % experienced adverse effects, but only 33.33 % discontinued treatment. In the case of baricitinib, 75 % experienced adverse reactions, and all discontinued the drug. Upadacitinib caused adverse effects in 100 % of patients, although they were generally mild and without interruptions in the treatment, except for one case due to non-adherence. The most common adverse reactions were nausea, gastric discomfort, elevated cholesterol, neutropenia, and lymphopenia. No major cardiovascular events or thromboembolic events occurred. The results are comparable to those of clinical trials, with the exception of infections However, the study has two limitations: the small sample size and the reliance on adverse reactions reported by patients in electronic medical records.