Efecto de la exposición a ozono sobre un modelo de privación materna en ratas
Resumen El maltrato infantil es uno de los mayores problemas sociales y económicos a nivel mundial. Entre las personas que han sido víctimas del MI existe una alta prevalencia de violencia, abuso de drogas y enfermedades psiquiátricas, entre otros. A nivel fisiológico, el eje hipotálamo-pituitaria-adrenal y la respuesta al estrés están directamente relacionados con esta prevalencia. Además, en los últimos años, ha aumentado la preocupación por el efecto de la contaminación sobre la salud humana. El objetivo de este proyecto es determinar el efecto de la exposición crónica a un ambiente contaminado con ozono, sobre algunos biomarcadores, en un modelo animal de privación materna. Se medirá cómo afecta la exposición a ozono sobre la capacidad cognitiva y el estado de ansiedad. Además, se analizará la variación de corticosterona y ACTH en plasma tras la exposición a un estresor agudo. Por último, se analizará el volumen del hipocampo y sus subáreas, así como el grado de metilación del exón promotor del receptor de glucocorticoides 1F y del exón promotor de vasopresina. Con el presente trabajo se pretende ampliar el conocimiento sobre el desarrollo cognitivo de niños que han sufrido maltrato infantil.
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Buss C, Entringer S, Swanson JM, Wadhwa PD. The Role of Stress in Brain Development: The Gestational Environment's Long-Term Effects on the Brain. Cerebrum: The Dana forum on brain. Science. 2012: 4.
Dobbing J, Sands J. Quantitative growth and development of human brain. Archives of disease in childhood. 1973; 48:757-767. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.48.10.757
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Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Janson S. Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet. 2009; 373:68-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7
Hertzman C. Putting the concept of biological embedding in historical perspective. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012; 109 Suppl 2:17160-17167. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202203109
Kaufman J, Plotsky PM, Nemeroff CB, Charney DS. Effects of early adverse experiences on brain structure and function: clinical implications. Biological psychiatry. 2000; 48:778-790. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00998-7
Kodavanti UP. Stretching the stress boundary: Linking air pollution health effects to a neurohormonal stress response. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2016; 1860:2880-2890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.010
Lutz PE, Turecki G. DNA methylation and childhood maltreatment: from animal models to human studies. Neuroscience. 2014; 264:142-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.069
Miller DB, Ghio AJ, Karoly ED, Bell LN, Snow SJ, Madden MC et al., Ozone Exposure Increases Circulating Stress Hormones and Lipid Metabolites in Humans. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2016; 193:1382-1391. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201508-1599OC
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP. Neuroendocrine aspects of the response to stress. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2002; 51:5-10. https://doi.org/10.1053/meta.2002.33184
Nemeroff CB. Paradise Lost: The Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Neuron. 2016; 89:892-909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.019
Sapolsky RM. Stress and the brain: individual variability and the inverted-U. Nature neuroscience. 2015; 18:1344-1346. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4109
Van der Kolk B. Commentary: The devastating effects of ignoring child maltreatment in psychiatry a commentary on Teicher and Samson 2016. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. 2016; 57:267-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12540
Who.int [internet]. Ginebra: Who; 2016 [actualizado 27 sep. 2016; citado 27 feb. 2019]. Disponible: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/detail/27-09-2016-who-releases-country-estimates-on-air-pollution-exposure-and-health-impact.
Moya, C., & González, J. (2020). Efecto de la exposición a ozono sobre un modelo de privación materna en ratas. FarmaJournal, 5(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.14201/fj2020516573
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