Vestibular rehabilitation in childhood
Abstract Introduction: Vestibular rehabilitation has proven to be an effective therapeutic approach for addressing vestibular system disorders in adults. However, concerning pediatric cases there is little research compared to the extensive studies conducted with adults. Objective: To update the most relevant medical literature in relation to vestibular rehabilitation in children. Material and method: We have conducted a narrative revision of the most recent and relevant bibliography regarding this topic through the main search engines (OVID, EBSCO, JBI and PubMed). Results: Based mainly on the work of Rose Marie Rine, one of the physiotherapists who has done more research in this area, as well as other authors, the most significant results and their practical implications are described. Discussion: The distinctive aspects of VR in children in relation to adults and the diagnostic tools available for its assessment are described. Conclusion: Vestibular rehabilitation in children, as in adults, facilitates a greater and faster motor and balance recovery as opposed to therapeutic abstention.
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Herdman SJ. Physical therapy diagnosis for vestibular disorders. En: Herdman SJ: Vestibular Rehabilitation. F.A. Davis Company 3ª ed.; 2007. Cap 16; pp.228-32.
Rine RM. Vestibular rehabilitation for children. Semin Hear. 2018;39(3):334-44. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666822.
Rine RM, Braswell J, Fisher D, Joyce K, Kalar K, Shaffer M. Improvement of motor development and postural control following intervention in children with sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular impairment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004;68(09):1141-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.04.007.
Braswell J, Rine RM. Evidence that vestibular hypofunction affects reading acuity in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70:1957-65. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.07.013.
Braswell J, Rine RM. Preliminary evidence of improved gaze stability following exercise in two children with vestibular hypofuncion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70:1967-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.06.010.
Ma N, Liu H, Liu B, Zhang L, Li B, Yang Y, et al. Effectiveness and acceptance of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex adaptation training in children with recurrent vertigo with unilateral vestibular dysfunction and normal balance function. En: Yang J, Duan, M., Jahn, K., Murofushi, T., Yu, L., Zhang, Q. Vestibular disorders in children. Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA. 2023; P 118-27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.996715.
Bisdorff A, Von Brevern M, Lempert T, Newman-Toker DE. Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. J Vestib Res 2009; 19:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343.
Wiener-Vacher SR, Toupet F, Narcy P. Canal and otolith vestibulo-ocular reflexes to vertical and off vertical axis rotations in children learning to walk. Acta Otolaryngol. 1996; 116(05):657–65. PMID: 8908240.
Rine RM. Management of the pediatric patient with vestibular hypofunction. En: Herdman SJ: Vestibular Rehabilitation. F.A. Davis Company 3ª ed; 2007. Cap 22; pp.360-74.
Christy JB. Considerations for testing and treating children with central vestibular impairments. Semin Hear. 2018;39(3):321-33. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666821.
Clendaniel RA. The effects of habituation and gaze-stability exercises in the treatment of unilateral vestibular hypofunction – preliminary results. J Neurol Phys Ther 2010;34(2):111-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181deca01.
Hazzaa NM, Manzour AF, Yahia E, Galal E. Efectiveness of virtual reality-based programs as vestibular rehabilitative therapy in peripheral vestibular dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 2023;280:3075–86. doi:10.1007/s00405-023-07911-3.
Li CM, Hoffman HJ, Ward BK, Cohen HS, Rine RM. Epidemiology of dizziness and balance problems in children in the United States: a population-based study. J Pediatr. 2016; 171:240-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.12.002.
Rine RM. Vestibular rehabilitation for children. Semin Hear. 2018;39(3):334-44. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666822.
Rine RM, Braswell J, Fisher D, Joyce K, Kalar K, Shaffer M. Improvement of motor development and postural control following intervention in children with sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular impairment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004;68(09):1141-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.04.007.
Braswell J, Rine RM. Evidence that vestibular hypofunction affects reading acuity in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70:1957-65. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.07.013.
Braswell J, Rine RM. Preliminary evidence of improved gaze stability following exercise in two children with vestibular hypofuncion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70:1967-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.06.010.
Ma N, Liu H, Liu B, Zhang L, Li B, Yang Y, et al. Effectiveness and acceptance of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex adaptation training in children with recurrent vertigo with unilateral vestibular dysfunction and normal balance function. En: Yang J, Duan, M., Jahn, K., Murofushi, T., Yu, L., Zhang, Q. Vestibular disorders in children. Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA. 2023; P 118-27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.996715.
Bisdorff A, Von Brevern M, Lempert T, Newman-Toker DE. Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders. J Vestib Res 2009; 19:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2009-0343.
Wiener-Vacher SR, Toupet F, Narcy P. Canal and otolith vestibulo-ocular reflexes to vertical and off vertical axis rotations in children learning to walk. Acta Otolaryngol. 1996; 116(05):657–65. PMID: 8908240.
Rine RM. Management of the pediatric patient with vestibular hypofunction. En: Herdman SJ: Vestibular Rehabilitation. F.A. Davis Company 3ª ed; 2007. Cap 22; pp.360-74.
Christy JB. Considerations for testing and treating children with central vestibular impairments. Semin Hear. 2018;39(3):321-33. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666821.
Clendaniel RA. The effects of habituation and gaze-stability exercises in the treatment of unilateral vestibular hypofunction – preliminary results. J Neurol Phys Ther 2010;34(2):111-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181deca01.
Hazzaa NM, Manzour AF, Yahia E, Galal E. Efectiveness of virtual reality-based programs as vestibular rehabilitative therapy in peripheral vestibular dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 2023;280:3075–86. doi:10.1007/s00405-023-07911-3.
Li CM, Hoffman HJ, Ward BK, Cohen HS, Rine RM. Epidemiology of dizziness and balance problems in children in the United States: a population-based study. J Pediatr. 2016; 171:240-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.12.002.
Pérez-González, R., Gancedo-Fernández, S., Rodríguez-García, A., Manzanares-López-Rendo, C., Martín-González, A., Fernández-Cascón, S., & Martín-Sigüenza, G. (2023). Vestibular rehabilitation in childhood. Revista ORL, e31555. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.31555
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