El editor en la revisión por pares. Una mirada crítica
Resumen
Este editorial analiza críticamente el papel central que desempeñan los editores en el proceso de revisión por pares (RP) en las publicaciones biomédicas, enfatizando que su función va más allá de la mera intermediación entre autores y revisores. Se destaca que el proceso editorial (PE) es complejo y que los editores toman decisiones discrecionales en múltiples puntos clave que afectan la calidad, ética, transparencia y equidad de la publicación científica.
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Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Principles of transparency and best practice in scholarly publishing [Internet]. COPE; 2022 [citado 18 ene 2026]. Disponible en: https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing
Galipeau J, Moher D, Skidmore B, Campbell C, Hendry PJ, Cameron DW, et al. Systematic review of the effectiveness of training programs in writing for scholarly publication, journal editing, and manuscript peer review (protocol). Syst Rev. 2013;2:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-2-41. PMID: 23773340. PMCID: PMC3691595.
Glonti K, Boutron I, Moher D, Hren D. Journal editors' perspectives on the communication practices in biomedical journals: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(8):e035600. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035600. PMID: 32792429. PMCID: PMC7430556.
Glonti K, Boutron I, Moher D, Hren D. Journal editors' perspectives on the roles and tasks of peer reviewers in biomedical journals: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11):e033421. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033421. PMID: 31767597. PMCID: PMC6886905.
Hartstein J, Blümel C. Editors between support and control by the digital infrastructure: tracing the peer review process with data from an editorial management system. Front Res Metr Anal. 2021;6:747562. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2021.747562. PMID: 34738050. PMCID: PMC8560710.
Gasparyan AY. Peer review in scholarly biomedical journals: a few things that make a big difference. J Korean Med Sci. 2013;28(7):970-1. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.7.970. PMID: 23853474. PMCID: PMC3708091.
Horbach S, Halffman W. Innovating editorial practices: academic publishers at work. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2020;5:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-020-00097-w. PMID: 32774892. PMCID: PMC7404921.
Shaw D, Penders B. Gatekeepers of reward: a pilot study on the ethics of editing and competing evaluations of value. J Acad Ethics. 2018;16(3):211-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-018-9305-6. PMID: 30956629. PMCID: PMC6417389.
Newton D. Quality and peer review of research: an adjudicating role for editors. Account Res. 2010;17(3):130-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621003791945. PMID: 20461569.
Watve M. Behavioral optimization in scientific publishing. Qeios. 2023. https://doi.org/10.32388/8W10ND.2. PMID: 38274498.
Krapež K. Advancing self-evaluative and self-regulatory mechanisms of scholarly journals: editors' perspectives on what needs to be improved in the editorial process. Publications. 2022;10(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications10010012.
Jawaid S, Jawaid M. Professional competencies required for editors of biomedical journals. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33(5):1050-2. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.335.13967. PMID: 29142536. PMCID: PMC5673705.
Hames I. Peer review at the beginning of the 21st century. Sci Ed. 2014;1(1):4-8. https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.2014.1.4.
Martí-Bonmatí L. My experience as editor-in-chief of Insights into Imaging. An RANM. 2023. https://doi.org/10.32440/ar.2023.140.01.rev02.
Mohan C, Singhal M, Verma A. Navigating the editorial gauntlet for excellence in radiology publishing. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2025;35(Suppl):S102-9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1801269. PMID: 39802704. PMCID: PMC11717447.
Tanwar S. Navigating the seas of publications in a medical journal: the role of an editor. Cureus. 2024;16(2):e55233. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55233.
Ring J. Scientific publishing: how to select the best articles - a word about transparency. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(7):1429-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17300. PMID: 34004065.
Hesselmann F, Hartstein J. Creating interpretative spaces in and with digital infrastructures: how editors select reviewers at a biomedical publisher. Sci Technol Hum Values. 2024;50(1):12-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241257720.
Chauvin A, Ravaud P, Baron G, Barnes C, Boutron I. The most important tasks for peer reviewers evaluating a randomized controlled trial are not congruent with the tasks most often requested by journal editors. BMC Med. 2015;13:158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0395-3. PMID: 26141137. PMCID: PMC4491236.
Gollogly L, Momen H. Ethical dilemmas in scientific publication: pitfalls and solutions for editors. Rev Saude Publica. 2006;40(Spec No):24-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102006000400004. PMID: 16924299.
Caelleigh AS. Role of the journal editor in sustaining integrity in research. Acad Med. 1993;68(9 Suppl):S23-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199309000-00030. PMID: 8373488.
Marušić A. Importance of ethical publishing in developing countries. Acta Inform Med. 2012;20(1):4. https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2012.20.4-4. PMID: 26085711. PMCID: PMC4453634.
CMAJ Editors. Are journals doing enough to prevent fraudulent publication? Can Med Assoc J. 2006;174(4):431. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.060085. PMID: 16477045. PMCID: PMC1373736.
Illingworth R. Fraud and other misconduct in biomedical research. Br J Neurosurg. 2004;18(4):325-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688690400004795. PMID: 15702828.
Ventura M, Oliveira SC. Integrity and ethics in research and science publication. Cad Saude Publica. 2022;38(1):e00283521. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00283521. PMID: 35081206.
Galbraith D. Redrawing the frontiers in the age of post-publication review. Front Genet. 2015;6:198. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00198. PMID: 26097488. PMCID: PMC4456611.
Huh S. Recent issues in medical journal publishing and editing policies. Neurointervention. 2023;18(1):2-8. https://doi.org/10.5469/neuroint.2023.00115. PMID: 36720475. PMCID: PMC9986353.
Master Z, Werner K, Smith EMR, Resnik D, Williams-Jones B. Conflicts of interest policies for authors, peer reviewers, and editors of bioethics journals. AJOB Empir Bioeth. 2018;9(4):194-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/23294515.2018.1510859. PMID: 30248000. PMCID: PMC6310149.
Helgesson G, Radun I, Radun J, Nilsonne G. Editors publishing in their own journals: a systematic review of prevalence and a discussion of normative aspects. Learn Publ. 2022;35(2):229-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1449.
Silva JAT, Dobránszki J, Bhar RH, Mehlman C. Editors should declare conflicts of interest. J Bioeth Inq. 2019;16(2):279-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09908-2. PMID: 31016681. PMCID: PMC6598958.
Silva JAT. Personal conflicts of interest in the publishing enterprise: focus on journal editors. Cent Asian J Med Hypotheses Ethics. 2021;2(1):45-51.
The PLoS Medicine Editors. An unbiased scientific record should be everyone's agenda. PLoS Med. 2009;6(2):e1000038. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000038. PMID: 19243217. PMCID: PMC2646782.
The PLoS Medicine Editors. Making sense of non-financial competing interests. PLOS Med. 2008;5(9):e199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050199. PMID: 18828670. PMCID: PMC2553825.
Silva JAT. Ethical exceptionalism: can publishing rules be manipulated to give the impression of ethical publishing? Bangladesh J Med Sci. 2017;16(4):610-4. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v16i4.33623.
Ajiferuke I, Wakeling S, Javed F, Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw PE. Editorial bullying: an exploration of acts impacting publication ethics and related environment. Front Res Metr Anal. 2024;9:1345553. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1345553. PMID: 38450043. PMCID: PMC10915017.
Silva JAT, Vuong QH. Do legitimate publishers benefit or profit from error, misconduct or fraud? Ethics Sci Environ Polit. 2021;8(3):55-68. https://doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v8i3.785.
Karhulahti VM, Backe H. Transparency of peer review: a semi-structured interview study with chief editors from social sciences and humanities. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2021;6:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-021-00116-4. PMID: 34789331. PMCID: PMC8598274.
Proctor DM. Nothing about us without us: the roles of diverse stakeholders in scientific publishing. mBio. 2023;14(2):e02685-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02685-22. PMID: 36880759. PMCID: PMC10127632.
Willis M, Carey MR, Foxe JJ, Jones J, Smith N, Vaidya V. Strategies and a checklist for increasing diversity, equity and inclusion in your journal. Eur J Neurosci. 2023;58(10):4121-6. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.168817715.58516327/v1.
Vale HM, Estofolete C, Pereira AEFF, Vale EPBM. Researchers and journals - what are their responsibilities? Int J Innov Res Multidiscip Educ. 2024;3(1):15-22.
Baveye P. Objectivity of the peer-review process: enduring myth, reality, and possible remedies. Learn Publ. 2021;34(3):435-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1414.
Sha DW. What can and should be done to reduce publication bias? The perspective of an editor. JAMA. 1990;263(10):1390-1. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03440100102015. PMID: 20461569.
Galipeau J, Moher D, Skidmore B, Campbell C, Hendry PJ, Cameron DW, et al. Systematic review of the effectiveness of training programs in writing for scholarly publication, journal editing, and manuscript peer review (protocol). Syst Rev. 2013;2:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-2-41. PMID: 23773340. PMCID: PMC3691595.
Glonti K, Boutron I, Moher D, Hren D. Journal editors' perspectives on the communication practices in biomedical journals: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(8):e035600. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035600. PMID: 32792429. PMCID: PMC7430556.
Glonti K, Boutron I, Moher D, Hren D. Journal editors' perspectives on the roles and tasks of peer reviewers in biomedical journals: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11):e033421. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033421. PMID: 31767597. PMCID: PMC6886905.
Hartstein J, Blümel C. Editors between support and control by the digital infrastructure: tracing the peer review process with data from an editorial management system. Front Res Metr Anal. 2021;6:747562. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2021.747562. PMID: 34738050. PMCID: PMC8560710.
Gasparyan AY. Peer review in scholarly biomedical journals: a few things that make a big difference. J Korean Med Sci. 2013;28(7):970-1. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.7.970. PMID: 23853474. PMCID: PMC3708091.
Horbach S, Halffman W. Innovating editorial practices: academic publishers at work. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2020;5:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-020-00097-w. PMID: 32774892. PMCID: PMC7404921.
Shaw D, Penders B. Gatekeepers of reward: a pilot study on the ethics of editing and competing evaluations of value. J Acad Ethics. 2018;16(3):211-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-018-9305-6. PMID: 30956629. PMCID: PMC6417389.
Newton D. Quality and peer review of research: an adjudicating role for editors. Account Res. 2010;17(3):130-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621003791945. PMID: 20461569.
Watve M. Behavioral optimization in scientific publishing. Qeios. 2023. https://doi.org/10.32388/8W10ND.2. PMID: 38274498.
Krapež K. Advancing self-evaluative and self-regulatory mechanisms of scholarly journals: editors' perspectives on what needs to be improved in the editorial process. Publications. 2022;10(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications10010012.
Jawaid S, Jawaid M. Professional competencies required for editors of biomedical journals. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33(5):1050-2. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.335.13967. PMID: 29142536. PMCID: PMC5673705.
Hames I. Peer review at the beginning of the 21st century. Sci Ed. 2014;1(1):4-8. https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.2014.1.4.
Martí-Bonmatí L. My experience as editor-in-chief of Insights into Imaging. An RANM. 2023. https://doi.org/10.32440/ar.2023.140.01.rev02.
Mohan C, Singhal M, Verma A. Navigating the editorial gauntlet for excellence in radiology publishing. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2025;35(Suppl):S102-9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1801269. PMID: 39802704. PMCID: PMC11717447.
Tanwar S. Navigating the seas of publications in a medical journal: the role of an editor. Cureus. 2024;16(2):e55233. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55233.
Ring J. Scientific publishing: how to select the best articles - a word about transparency. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(7):1429-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17300. PMID: 34004065.
Hesselmann F, Hartstein J. Creating interpretative spaces in and with digital infrastructures: how editors select reviewers at a biomedical publisher. Sci Technol Hum Values. 2024;50(1):12-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241257720.
Chauvin A, Ravaud P, Baron G, Barnes C, Boutron I. The most important tasks for peer reviewers evaluating a randomized controlled trial are not congruent with the tasks most often requested by journal editors. BMC Med. 2015;13:158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0395-3. PMID: 26141137. PMCID: PMC4491236.
Gollogly L, Momen H. Ethical dilemmas in scientific publication: pitfalls and solutions for editors. Rev Saude Publica. 2006;40(Spec No):24-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102006000400004. PMID: 16924299.
Caelleigh AS. Role of the journal editor in sustaining integrity in research. Acad Med. 1993;68(9 Suppl):S23-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199309000-00030. PMID: 8373488.
Marušić A. Importance of ethical publishing in developing countries. Acta Inform Med. 2012;20(1):4. https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2012.20.4-4. PMID: 26085711. PMCID: PMC4453634.
CMAJ Editors. Are journals doing enough to prevent fraudulent publication? Can Med Assoc J. 2006;174(4):431. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.060085. PMID: 16477045. PMCID: PMC1373736.
Illingworth R. Fraud and other misconduct in biomedical research. Br J Neurosurg. 2004;18(4):325-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688690400004795. PMID: 15702828.
Ventura M, Oliveira SC. Integrity and ethics in research and science publication. Cad Saude Publica. 2022;38(1):e00283521. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00283521. PMID: 35081206.
Galbraith D. Redrawing the frontiers in the age of post-publication review. Front Genet. 2015;6:198. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00198. PMID: 26097488. PMCID: PMC4456611.
Huh S. Recent issues in medical journal publishing and editing policies. Neurointervention. 2023;18(1):2-8. https://doi.org/10.5469/neuroint.2023.00115. PMID: 36720475. PMCID: PMC9986353.
Master Z, Werner K, Smith EMR, Resnik D, Williams-Jones B. Conflicts of interest policies for authors, peer reviewers, and editors of bioethics journals. AJOB Empir Bioeth. 2018;9(4):194-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/23294515.2018.1510859. PMID: 30248000. PMCID: PMC6310149.
Helgesson G, Radun I, Radun J, Nilsonne G. Editors publishing in their own journals: a systematic review of prevalence and a discussion of normative aspects. Learn Publ. 2022;35(2):229-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1449.
Silva JAT, Dobránszki J, Bhar RH, Mehlman C. Editors should declare conflicts of interest. J Bioeth Inq. 2019;16(2):279-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09908-2. PMID: 31016681. PMCID: PMC6598958.
Silva JAT. Personal conflicts of interest in the publishing enterprise: focus on journal editors. Cent Asian J Med Hypotheses Ethics. 2021;2(1):45-51.
The PLoS Medicine Editors. An unbiased scientific record should be everyone's agenda. PLoS Med. 2009;6(2):e1000038. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000038. PMID: 19243217. PMCID: PMC2646782.
The PLoS Medicine Editors. Making sense of non-financial competing interests. PLOS Med. 2008;5(9):e199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050199. PMID: 18828670. PMCID: PMC2553825.
Silva JAT. Ethical exceptionalism: can publishing rules be manipulated to give the impression of ethical publishing? Bangladesh J Med Sci. 2017;16(4):610-4. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v16i4.33623.
Ajiferuke I, Wakeling S, Javed F, Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw PE. Editorial bullying: an exploration of acts impacting publication ethics and related environment. Front Res Metr Anal. 2024;9:1345553. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1345553. PMID: 38450043. PMCID: PMC10915017.
Silva JAT, Vuong QH. Do legitimate publishers benefit or profit from error, misconduct or fraud? Ethics Sci Environ Polit. 2021;8(3):55-68. https://doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v8i3.785.
Karhulahti VM, Backe H. Transparency of peer review: a semi-structured interview study with chief editors from social sciences and humanities. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2021;6:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-021-00116-4. PMID: 34789331. PMCID: PMC8598274.
Proctor DM. Nothing about us without us: the roles of diverse stakeholders in scientific publishing. mBio. 2023;14(2):e02685-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02685-22. PMID: 36880759. PMCID: PMC10127632.
Willis M, Carey MR, Foxe JJ, Jones J, Smith N, Vaidya V. Strategies and a checklist for increasing diversity, equity and inclusion in your journal. Eur J Neurosci. 2023;58(10):4121-6. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.168817715.58516327/v1.
Vale HM, Estofolete C, Pereira AEFF, Vale EPBM. Researchers and journals - what are their responsibilities? Int J Innov Res Multidiscip Educ. 2024;3(1):15-22.
Baveye P. Objectivity of the peer-review process: enduring myth, reality, and possible remedies. Learn Publ. 2021;34(3):435-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1414.
Sha DW. What can and should be done to reduce publication bias? The perspective of an editor. JAMA. 1990;263(10):1390-1. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03440100102015. PMID: 20461569.
Pardal Refoyo, J. L. (2026). El editor en la revisión por pares. Una mirada crítica. Revista ORL, 17(1), e34886. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.34886
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