Hipoacusia neurosensorial y alteración vestibular
Resumen Introducción y objetivo: La hipoacusia es la deficiencia sensorial más común al nacer, y su asociación con la disfunción vestibular en población pediátrica ha sido ampliamente investigada. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la relación entre ambos déficits sensoriales, analizar su impacto en el desarrollo global de los niños y establecer un protocolo de cribado de fácil aplicación en la práctica clínica. Método: Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica narrativa. Resultados: Incluimos un total de 41 publicaciones sobre hipoacusia neurosensorial y disfunción vestibular en la población pediátrica. Discusión: Nuestros hallazgos indican que los niños con una pérdida auditiva más pronunciada tienen un mayor riesgo de presentar disfunción vestibular. Se han identificado ciertas condiciones específicas que están más frecuentemente asociadas con la hipoacusia y alteraciones del equilibrio, como el citomegalovirus congénito, malformaciones del oído interno, trastornos del espectro de la neuropatía auditiva, hipoacusia súbita, ototoxicidad e implante coclear. La evaluación de la disfunción vestibular debe adaptarse a la edad del paciente e incluir la valoración del desarrollo motor y del equilibrio para realizar una derivación adecuada al protocolo diagnóstico. Las pruebas mejor toleradas por los niños pequeños son los potenciales miogénicos evocados vestibulares y el test de impulso cefálico. Conclusiones: Es importante reconocer los signos indicativos de disfunción vestibular en niños con hipoacusia neurosensorial, especialmente en edades tempranas, para realizar un diagnóstico preciso e iniciar un tratamiento precoz que minimice su impacto en la calidad de vida.
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Hazen M, Cushing SL. Vestibular Evaluation and Management of Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Vol. 54, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders; 2021. p. 1241–51.
Melo RS, Lemos A, Raposo MCF, Monteiro MG, Lambertz D, Ferraz KM. Repercussions of the Degrees of Hearing Loss and Vestibular Dysfunction on the Static Balance of Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Phys Ther. 2021 Oct 1;101(10): pzab177.
Cushing SL, Papsin BC. Cochlear Implants and Children with Vestibular Impairments. Vol. 39, Seminars in Hearing. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.; 2018. p. 305–20.
Singh A, Heet H, Guggenheim DS, Lim M, Garg B, Bao M, et al. A Systematic Review on the Association Between Vestibular Dysfunction and Balance Performance in Children With Hearing Loss. Vol. 43, Ear and Hearing. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2022. p. 712–21.
Verbecque E, Marijnissen T, De Belder N, Van Rompaey V, Boudewyns A, Van de Heyning P, et al. Vestibular (dys)function in children with sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review. Vol. 56, International Journal of Audiology. Taylor and Francis Ltd; 2017. p. 361–81.
Janky KL, Thomas M, Al-Salim S, Robinson S. Does vestibular loss result in cognitive deficits in children with cochlear implants’. J Vestib Res. 2022;32(3):245–60.
Melo RS, Lemos A, Paiva GS, Ithamar L, Lima MC, Eickmann SH, et al. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises programs to improve the postural control, balance and gait of children with sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review. Vol. 127, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2019.
Brodsky JR, Lipson S, Bhattacharyya N. Prevalence of Pediatric Dizziness and Imbalance in the United States. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States). 2020 Feb 1;162(2):241–7.
Janky KL, Thomas MLA, High RR, Schmid KK, Ogun OA. Predictive factors for vestibular loss in children with hearing loss. Am J Audiol. 2018 Mar 1;27(1):137–46.
Inoue A, Iwasaki S, Ushio M, Chihara Y, Fujimoto C, Egami N, et al. Effect of vestibular dysfunction on the development of gross motor function in children with profound hearing loss. Audiology and Neurotology. 2013;18(3):143–51.
Dhondt C, Maes L, Rombaut L, Martens S, Vanaudenaerde S, Van Hoecke H, et al. Vestibular Function in Children with a Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: 3 Years of Follow-Up. Ear Hear. 2021 Jan 24;42(1):76–86.
Bernard S, Wiener-Vacher S, Van Den Abbeele T, Teissier N. Vestibular Disorders in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct 1;136(4):e887–95.
Chebib E, Maudoux A, Benoit C, Bernard S, Van Den Abbeele T, Teissier N, et al. Audiovestibular Consequences of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Greater Vulnerability of the Vestibular Part of the Inner Ear. Ear Hear. 2022 Nov 1;43(6):1730–9.
Hu J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Ma W, Zhang Y, et al. Vestibular dysfunction in patients with auditory neuropathy detected by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2020 Jul 1;131(7):1664–71.
Song JJ, Hong SK, Lee SY, Park SJ, Kang S Il, An YH, et al. Vestibular Manifestations in Subjects with Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct. Otology and Neurotology. 2018 Jul 1;39(6):e461–7.
Li YH, Liu B, Yang Y, Chen M, Liu W, Shao JB, et al. Vestibular function of pediatric patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss: based on vertigo symptom and vestibular function testing. World Journal of Pediatrics. 2021;17:637–42.
Bayat A, Farhadi M, Emamdjomeh H, Nadimi Z, Mirmomeni G, Saki N. Influence of cochlear implantation on balance function in pediatrics. International Tinnitus Journal. 2020 Jun 1;24(1):31–5.
Birdane L, İncesulu A, Özüdoğru E, Cingi C, Caklı H, Gürbüz MK, et al. Evaluation of the vestibular system and etiology in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Journal of International Advanced Otology. 2016;12(2):161–5.
Espinosa Sánchez JM, Montilla Ibáñez MA, Benito Orejas JI, Ferreira Cendón S, Castro Jiménez J. Vértigo Pediátrico. En: Actualización en Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. 2021. Disponible en: https://seorl.net/actualizacion-en-orl-y-ccc-creditos/.
Dhondt C, Dhooge I, Maes L. Vestibular assessment in the pediatric population. Laryngoscope. 2019 Feb 1;129(2):490–3.
Verrecchia L, Galle Barrett K, Karltorp E. The feasibility, validity and reliability of a child friendly vestibular assessment in infants and children candidates to cochlear implant. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Aug 1;135:110093.
Phillips JO, Backous DD. Evaluation of vestibular function in young children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2002;35(4):765–90.
Miyahara M, Hirayama M, Yuta A, Takeuchi K, Inoki T. Too young to talk of vertigo? The Lancet. 2009;373(9662):516.
Rine RM, Braswell J, Fisher D, Joyce K, Kalar K, Shaffer M. Improvement of motor development and postural control following intervention in children with sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular impairment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Sep;68(9):1141–8.
Martens S, Dhooge I, Dhondt C, Vanaudenaerde S, Sucaet M, Rombaut L, et al. Pediatric Vestibular Assessment: Clinical Framework. Ear Hear. 2023 Mar 1;44(2):423–36.
Oyewumi M, Wolter NE, Heon Y, Gordon A, Papsin B, Cushing S. Using Balance Function to Screen for Vestibular Impairment in Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(7):926–32.
Rosander K, Von Hofsten C. Visual-vestibular interaction in early infancy. Exp Brain Res. 2000;133(3):321–33.
Femia P, González del Pino B, Pérez-Fernández N. Exploración vestibular de niños con alteraciones del equilibrio (I): métodos de la exploración clínica e instrumental. Vol. 62, Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola. 2011. p. 311–7.
Mäki-Torkko E, Magnusson M. An office procedure to detect vestibular loss in children with hearing impairment. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2005 Apr;262(4):328–30.
Kolkaila EA, Emara AA, Gabr TA. Vestibular evaluation in children with otitis media with effusion. Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2015 Apr 27;129(4):326–36.
Rine RM, Braswell J. A clinical test of dynamic visual acuity for children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67(11):1195–201.
Rine RM, Wiener-Vacher S. Evaluation and treatment of vestibular dysfunction in children. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;32(3):507–18.
Janky KL, Rodriguez AI. Quantitative Vestibular Function Testing in the Pediatric Population. Vol. 39, Seminars in Hearing. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.; 2018. p. 257–74.
Rosengren SM, Colebatch JG, Young AS, Govender S, Welgampola MS. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in practice: Methods, pitfalls and clinical applications. Vol. 4, Clinical Neurophysiology Practice. Elsevier B.V.; 2019. p. 47–68.
Kelsch TA, Schaefer LA, Esquivel CR. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in young children: Test parameters and normative data. Laryngoscope. 2006 Jun;116(6):895–900.
Martens S, Maes L, Dhondt C, Vanaudenaerde S, Sucaet M, De Leenheer E, et al. Vestibular Infant Screening-Flanders: What is the Most Appropriate Vestibular Screening Tool in Hearing-Impaired Children? Ear Hear. 2023 Mar 1;44(2):385–98.
Shen J, Wang L, Ma X, Chen Z, Chen J, Wang X, et al. Cervical vestibular evokedmyogenic potentials in 3-month-old infants: Comparative characteristics and feasibility for infant vestibular screening. Front Neurol. 2022 Sep 29;13:992392.
Sheykholesami K, Kaga K, Megerian CA, Arnold JE. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in infancy and early childhood. Laryngoscope. 2005 Aug;115(8):1440–4.
Janky KL, Yoshinaga-Itano C. The Feasibility of Performing Vestibular Newborn Screening. Vol. 150, Pediatrics. NLM (Medline); 2022.
Martens S, Dhooge I, Dhondt C, Leyssens L, Sucaet M, Vanaudenaerde S, et al. Vestibular Infant Screening – Flanders: The implementation of a standard vestibular screening protocol for hearing-impaired children in Flanders. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 May 1;120:196–201.
Wiener-Vacher SR, Wiener SI. Video Head Impulse Tests with a Remote Camera System: Normative Values of Semicircular Canal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Gain in Infants and Children. Front Neurol. 2017 Sep 7;8:434.
Melo RS, Lemos A, Raposo MCF, Monteiro MG, Lambertz D, Ferraz KM. Repercussions of the Degrees of Hearing Loss and Vestibular Dysfunction on the Static Balance of Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Phys Ther. 2021 Oct 1;101(10): pzab177.
Cushing SL, Papsin BC. Cochlear Implants and Children with Vestibular Impairments. Vol. 39, Seminars in Hearing. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.; 2018. p. 305–20.
Singh A, Heet H, Guggenheim DS, Lim M, Garg B, Bao M, et al. A Systematic Review on the Association Between Vestibular Dysfunction and Balance Performance in Children With Hearing Loss. Vol. 43, Ear and Hearing. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2022. p. 712–21.
Verbecque E, Marijnissen T, De Belder N, Van Rompaey V, Boudewyns A, Van de Heyning P, et al. Vestibular (dys)function in children with sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review. Vol. 56, International Journal of Audiology. Taylor and Francis Ltd; 2017. p. 361–81.
Janky KL, Thomas M, Al-Salim S, Robinson S. Does vestibular loss result in cognitive deficits in children with cochlear implants’. J Vestib Res. 2022;32(3):245–60.
Melo RS, Lemos A, Paiva GS, Ithamar L, Lima MC, Eickmann SH, et al. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises programs to improve the postural control, balance and gait of children with sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review. Vol. 127, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2019.
Brodsky JR, Lipson S, Bhattacharyya N. Prevalence of Pediatric Dizziness and Imbalance in the United States. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States). 2020 Feb 1;162(2):241–7.
Janky KL, Thomas MLA, High RR, Schmid KK, Ogun OA. Predictive factors for vestibular loss in children with hearing loss. Am J Audiol. 2018 Mar 1;27(1):137–46.
Inoue A, Iwasaki S, Ushio M, Chihara Y, Fujimoto C, Egami N, et al. Effect of vestibular dysfunction on the development of gross motor function in children with profound hearing loss. Audiology and Neurotology. 2013;18(3):143–51.
Dhondt C, Maes L, Rombaut L, Martens S, Vanaudenaerde S, Van Hoecke H, et al. Vestibular Function in Children with a Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: 3 Years of Follow-Up. Ear Hear. 2021 Jan 24;42(1):76–86.
Bernard S, Wiener-Vacher S, Van Den Abbeele T, Teissier N. Vestibular Disorders in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct 1;136(4):e887–95.
Chebib E, Maudoux A, Benoit C, Bernard S, Van Den Abbeele T, Teissier N, et al. Audiovestibular Consequences of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Greater Vulnerability of the Vestibular Part of the Inner Ear. Ear Hear. 2022 Nov 1;43(6):1730–9.
Hu J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Ma W, Zhang Y, et al. Vestibular dysfunction in patients with auditory neuropathy detected by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2020 Jul 1;131(7):1664–71.
Song JJ, Hong SK, Lee SY, Park SJ, Kang S Il, An YH, et al. Vestibular Manifestations in Subjects with Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct. Otology and Neurotology. 2018 Jul 1;39(6):e461–7.
Li YH, Liu B, Yang Y, Chen M, Liu W, Shao JB, et al. Vestibular function of pediatric patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss: based on vertigo symptom and vestibular function testing. World Journal of Pediatrics. 2021;17:637–42.
Bayat A, Farhadi M, Emamdjomeh H, Nadimi Z, Mirmomeni G, Saki N. Influence of cochlear implantation on balance function in pediatrics. International Tinnitus Journal. 2020 Jun 1;24(1):31–5.
Birdane L, İncesulu A, Özüdoğru E, Cingi C, Caklı H, Gürbüz MK, et al. Evaluation of the vestibular system and etiology in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Journal of International Advanced Otology. 2016;12(2):161–5.
Espinosa Sánchez JM, Montilla Ibáñez MA, Benito Orejas JI, Ferreira Cendón S, Castro Jiménez J. Vértigo Pediátrico. En: Actualización en Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. 2021. Disponible en: https://seorl.net/actualizacion-en-orl-y-ccc-creditos/.
Dhondt C, Dhooge I, Maes L. Vestibular assessment in the pediatric population. Laryngoscope. 2019 Feb 1;129(2):490–3.
Verrecchia L, Galle Barrett K, Karltorp E. The feasibility, validity and reliability of a child friendly vestibular assessment in infants and children candidates to cochlear implant. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Aug 1;135:110093.
Phillips JO, Backous DD. Evaluation of vestibular function in young children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2002;35(4):765–90.
Miyahara M, Hirayama M, Yuta A, Takeuchi K, Inoki T. Too young to talk of vertigo? The Lancet. 2009;373(9662):516.
Rine RM, Braswell J, Fisher D, Joyce K, Kalar K, Shaffer M. Improvement of motor development and postural control following intervention in children with sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular impairment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004 Sep;68(9):1141–8.
Martens S, Dhooge I, Dhondt C, Vanaudenaerde S, Sucaet M, Rombaut L, et al. Pediatric Vestibular Assessment: Clinical Framework. Ear Hear. 2023 Mar 1;44(2):423–36.
Oyewumi M, Wolter NE, Heon Y, Gordon A, Papsin B, Cushing S. Using Balance Function to Screen for Vestibular Impairment in Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(7):926–32.
Rosander K, Von Hofsten C. Visual-vestibular interaction in early infancy. Exp Brain Res. 2000;133(3):321–33.
Femia P, González del Pino B, Pérez-Fernández N. Exploración vestibular de niños con alteraciones del equilibrio (I): métodos de la exploración clínica e instrumental. Vol. 62, Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola. 2011. p. 311–7.
Mäki-Torkko E, Magnusson M. An office procedure to detect vestibular loss in children with hearing impairment. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2005 Apr;262(4):328–30.
Kolkaila EA, Emara AA, Gabr TA. Vestibular evaluation in children with otitis media with effusion. Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2015 Apr 27;129(4):326–36.
Rine RM, Braswell J. A clinical test of dynamic visual acuity for children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67(11):1195–201.
Rine RM, Wiener-Vacher S. Evaluation and treatment of vestibular dysfunction in children. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;32(3):507–18.
Janky KL, Rodriguez AI. Quantitative Vestibular Function Testing in the Pediatric Population. Vol. 39, Seminars in Hearing. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.; 2018. p. 257–74.
Rosengren SM, Colebatch JG, Young AS, Govender S, Welgampola MS. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in practice: Methods, pitfalls and clinical applications. Vol. 4, Clinical Neurophysiology Practice. Elsevier B.V.; 2019. p. 47–68.
Kelsch TA, Schaefer LA, Esquivel CR. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in young children: Test parameters and normative data. Laryngoscope. 2006 Jun;116(6):895–900.
Martens S, Maes L, Dhondt C, Vanaudenaerde S, Sucaet M, De Leenheer E, et al. Vestibular Infant Screening-Flanders: What is the Most Appropriate Vestibular Screening Tool in Hearing-Impaired Children? Ear Hear. 2023 Mar 1;44(2):385–98.
Shen J, Wang L, Ma X, Chen Z, Chen J, Wang X, et al. Cervical vestibular evokedmyogenic potentials in 3-month-old infants: Comparative characteristics and feasibility for infant vestibular screening. Front Neurol. 2022 Sep 29;13:992392.
Sheykholesami K, Kaga K, Megerian CA, Arnold JE. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in infancy and early childhood. Laryngoscope. 2005 Aug;115(8):1440–4.
Janky KL, Yoshinaga-Itano C. The Feasibility of Performing Vestibular Newborn Screening. Vol. 150, Pediatrics. NLM (Medline); 2022.
Martens S, Dhooge I, Dhondt C, Leyssens L, Sucaet M, Vanaudenaerde S, et al. Vestibular Infant Screening – Flanders: The implementation of a standard vestibular screening protocol for hearing-impaired children in Flanders. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 May 1;120:196–201.
Wiener-Vacher SR, Wiener SI. Video Head Impulse Tests with a Remote Camera System: Normative Values of Semicircular Canal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Gain in Infants and Children. Front Neurol. 2017 Sep 7;8:434.
Pérez-Mora, R. M., Curieses-Becerril, L., & González-Aguado, R. (2023). Hipoacusia neurosensorial y alteración vestibular. Revista ORL, e31547. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.31547
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