The Neoliberal Transformation of Science: The Case of Digital Humanities
Abstract The impacts of neoliberal policies and practices are producing the most important transformation of contemporary science and academia since the mid twentieth century. Neoliberal scientific policies have placed more emphasis on the creation of commercial value than on the achievement of social welfare or the generation of knowledge; the use of patents has been encouraged more than the open dissemination of knowledge and private investment has been promoted in universities and research projects developed by its researchers, in order to favour those lines of research of greater commercial application and with higher expectations of economic return. This work offers, on the one hand, a synthetic and structured overview of these transformations, with special emphasis on those changes that affect the methods, objects and products of scientific activity. The existing literature on these topics focuses, preferably, on the natural or "hard" sciences ¾particularly on biomedicine¾ so the second objective of this work is to discuss the emergence of this type of phenomena in a much less studied area: the humanities. In particular, we will focus on the so-called 'digital humanities'.
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Allington, D., Brouillette, S. & Golumbia, D. (2016). Neoliberal Tools (and Archives): A Political History of Digital Humanities. En Los Angeles Review of Books, May 1.
Barbrook, R. & Cameron, A. (1996). The Californian ideology. En Science as Culture, vol. 6, 1, 44–72.
Biagioli, Mario (1993). Galileo Courtier: the Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Burdick, A., Drucker, J., Lunenfeld, P., Presner, T., & Schnapp, J. (2012). Digital_Humanities. Cambridge (MA): Mit Press.
Chun, W., Grusin, R., Jagoda, P., & Raley, R. (2016). The Dark Side of the Digital Humanities. En Gold M. & Klein L. (eds.), Debates in the Digital Humanities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 493-509. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1cn6thb.41
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David, P. A. (2004). Understanding the emergence of ‘open science’institutions: functionalist economics in historical context. En Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 13, 4, 571-589.
Fiormonte, D. (2014). Digital Humanities from a global perspective. Laboratorio dell’ISPF, vol. XI. DOI: 10.12862/ispf14L203.
Fochler, M. (2016). Variants of Epistemic Capitalism: Knowledge Production and the Accumulation of Worth in Commercial Biotechnology and the Academic Life Sciences. En Science, Technology, & Human Values, vol. 41, 5, 922-948.
Foucault, Michel (2009). Nacimiento de la biopolítica. Madrid: Akal.
Garcés, M. (2017). Nueva ilustración radical. Barcelona: Anagrama.
González-Blanco, E. (2016). Un nuevo camino hacia las humanidades digitales: el laboratorio de innovación en humanidades digitales de la UNED. En Revista Signa 25, 79-93.
Greenhalgh, S. (2016). Neoliberal science, Chinese style: Making and managing the ‘obesity epidemic. En Social Studies of Science, vol. 46, 4, 485-510.
Grusin, R. (2014). The Dark Side of Digital Humanities: Dispatches from Two Recent MLA Conventions. En Differences : A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, vol. 25, 1, 79-92.
Halffman, W. & Radder, H. (2015). The academic manifesto: From an occupied to a public university. En Minerva, vol. 53, 2, 165-187.
Hayek, F. A. (1949). The intellectuals and socialism. En The University of Chicago Law Review, vol. 16, 3, 417-433.
Kirsch, A. (2014). Technology Is Taking Over English Departments: The false promise of the digital humanities. En New Republic, May 2. https://newrepublic.com/article/117428/limits-digital-humanities-adam-kirsch
Lave, R., Mirowski, P. & Randalls, S. (2010). Introduction: STS and neoliberal science. En Social Studies of Science, vol. 40, 5, 659–675.
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Lucía Megías, J.M. (2012). Elogio del texto digital. Claves para interpretar el nuevo paradigm. Madrid: Fórcola.
Luri, G. (2015). “Pròleg”. En: Erasme de Rotterdam, Eduqueu els infants ben aviat en les lletres. Barcelona: Adesiara, pp. 7-30.
Mirowski, P. (2011). Science-Mart. Privatizing American Science. Harvard (Mass.): Harvard University Press.
Morozov, E. (2015). La locura del solucionismo tecnológico. Madrid: Katz.
OECD (2015). OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015: Innovation for growth and society. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pellizzoni, L. & Ylönen, M. (2012). Neoliberalism and technoscience: Critical assessments. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
Pestre, D. (2003). Science, argent et politique: un essai d'interprétation. París: Editions Quae.
Pestre, D. (2005). The Technosciences between Markets, Social Worries and the Political: How to Imagine a Better Future. En H. Nowotny, D. Pestre, E. Schmidt-Assmann, H. Schultze-Fielitz & H. Trute (eds), The Public Nature of Science under Assault. Berlin: Springer, pp. 29-52.
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http://www.pensamientocritico.org/migqui0312.htm.
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