The lLower Magdalenian osseous industry from level 17 in El Mirón cave (Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria): a preliminary overview
Abstract Level 17 is the principal Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian horizon in the outer vestibule area of El Mirón Cave, dating by radiocarbon to c. 15,500 uncal bp. It has yielded very rich faunal and artifactual collections associated with numerous hearths and abundant fire-cracked rocks. Among the many osseous artifacts are a striation-engraved red deer scapula and a spearthrower reported on elsewhere. This article presents a description and preliminary typological and metric analyses of the antler points, bone needles and other artifacts, as well as of the supports for the production of osseous items, namely antlers and bones with evidence of extractions. The sagaies include many that are characteristic of this period in this region –quadrangular sections, single-bevel bases, geometric engraved designs, including tectiforms–. Production, use –huntingand domestic-related–, reuse and discard of osseous artifacts were major activities during the long period of repeated human occupation of El Mirón during Oldest Dryas.
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Straus, L. G.; Fontes, L.; Domingo, R. and González Morales, M. R. (2016): “Cores, core-scrapers, and bladelet production during the Lower Magdalenian occupations of El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain”, Lithic Technology, 14, pp. 212-235.
Straus, L. G. and González Morales, M. R. (2012): El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.
Straus, L. G.; González Morales, M. R. and Fontes, L. (2014): “Initial Magdalenian artifact assemblages in El Mirón Cave (Ramales de la Victoria, Spain): a preliminary report”, Zephyrus, LXXIII, pp. 45-65.
Tapia, J.; Álvarez Fernández, E.; Cueto, M.; Portero, R.; Bécares, J. and Jordá Pardo, J. (2017): “Bone industry of the Lower Magdalenian in Cantabrian Spain: the square-section antler points of El Cierro Cave”, Quaternary International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.10.029.
Utrilla, P. (1981): El Magdaleniense Inferior and Medio en la Costa Cantábrica. Monografías, 4. Santander: Centro de Investigación y Museo de Altamira.
Bleed, P. (1986): “The optimal design of hunting weapons: maintainability or reliability”, American Antiquity, 51, pp. 737-747.
Conkey, M. (1980): “The identification of prehistoric hunter-gatherer aggregation sites: the case of Altamira”, Current Anthropology, 21, pp. 609-630.
Corchón, M. S. (1986): El Arte Mueble Paleolítico Cantábrico. Monografías, 16. Madrid: Centro de Investigación y Museo de Altamira.
Corchón, M. S. (2017): La Cueva de Las Caldas (Priorio, Oviedo). Salamanca: EUSAL. De las Heras, C.; García Mingo, M. I. and García Munua, J. A. (2003): “El propulsor de la cueva del Castillo”. In 25 Años de Investigaciones sobre el Patrimonio de Cantabria. Santander: CAEAP, pp. 87-90.
De las Heras, C.; Lasheras, J. A.; Rasines, P.; Montes, R.; Fatás, P.; Prada, A. and Muñoz, E. (2012): “Datación et contexte archéologique de la nouvelle omoplate gravée découverte à Altamira”. In Clottes, J. (ed.): L’Art Pléistocène dans le Monde. Tarascon: Société Préhistorique Ariège-Pyrénées, pp. 270-271.
Farrand, W. (2012): “Sedimentology of El Mirón Cave”. In Straus, L. G. and González Morales, M. (eds.): El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, pp. 60-94.
Fontes, L.; Straus, L. G. and González Morales, M. R. (2015): “Lithic and osseous artifacts from the Lower Magdalenian human burial deposit in El Mirón Cave, Cantabria, Spain”, Journal of Archaeological Science, 60, pp. 99-111.
Fontes, L.; Straus, L. G. and González Morales, M. R. (2017): “Lower Magdalenian lithic raw material provisioning: a diachronic view from El Mirón cave”, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.03.015.
Geiling, J. M.; Marín Arroyo, A. B.; Straus, L. G. and González Morales, M. R. (2017): “Deciphering archaeological palimpsests with bone micro-fragments from the Lower Magdalenian of El Mirón cave (Cantabria, Spain)”, Historical Biology, pp. 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1385611.
González Morales, M. R. and Straus, L. G. (2005): “The Magdalenian sequence of El Mirón Cave (Cantabria, Spain)”. In Dujardin, V. (ed.): Industrie Osseuse et Parures du Solutréen au Magdalénien en Europe. Mémoire, 39. Paris: spf, pp. 209-219.
González Morales, M. R. and Straus, L. G. (2009): “Extraordinary early Magdalenian finds from El Mirón Cave, Cantabria (Spain)”, Antiquity, 83, pp. 267-281.
González Morales, M. R.; Straus, L. G. and Marín, A. B. (2006): “Los omóplatos decorados magdalenienses de la Cueva del Mirón y su relación con las cuevas del Castillo, Altamira y El Juyo”. In Maíllo, J. M. and Baquedano, E. (eds.): Miscelánea en Homenaje a Victoria Cabrera. Zona Arqueológica, 7. Alcalá de Henares, vol. I, pp. 482-494.
Nakazawa, Y.; Straus, L. G.; González Morales, M.; Cuenca, D. and Caro, J. (2009): “On stone-boiling technology in the Upper Paleolithic: behavioral implications from an Early Magdalenian hearth in El Mirón Cave, Cantabria, Spain”, Journal of Archaeological Science, 36, pp. 684-693.
Rivero, O. (2015): Art Mobilier des Chasseurs Magdaléniens à la Façade Atlantique. Liège: ERAUL.
Straus, L. G. (1993): “Upper Palaeolithic hunting tactics and weapons in Western Europe”. In Peterkin, G. L.; Bricker, H. and Mellars, P. (eds.): Hunting and Animal Exploitation in the Later Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Eurasia. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 4. Washington, pp. 83-93.
Straus, L. G.; Fontes, L.; Domingo, R. and González Morales, M. R. (2016): “Cores, core-scrapers, and bladelet production during the Lower Magdalenian occupations of El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain”, Lithic Technology, 14, pp. 212-235.
Straus, L. G. and González Morales, M. R. (2012): El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.
Straus, L. G.; González Morales, M. R. and Fontes, L. (2014): “Initial Magdalenian artifact assemblages in El Mirón Cave (Ramales de la Victoria, Spain): a preliminary report”, Zephyrus, LXXIII, pp. 45-65.
Tapia, J.; Álvarez Fernández, E.; Cueto, M.; Portero, R.; Bécares, J. and Jordá Pardo, J. (2017): “Bone industry of the Lower Magdalenian in Cantabrian Spain: the square-section antler points of El Cierro Cave”, Quaternary International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.10.029.
Utrilla, P. (1981): El Magdaleniense Inferior and Medio en la Costa Cantábrica. Monografías, 4. Santander: Centro de Investigación y Museo de Altamira.
Straus, L. G., Geiling, J.-M., & González Morales, M. (2018). The lLower Magdalenian osseous industry from level 17 in El Mirón cave (Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria): a preliminary overview. Zephyrvs, 81, 15–30. https://doi.org/10.14201/zephyrus2018811530
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