Historical flint exploitation for gunflints. River Huerva case study (Zaragoza)
Abstract
Throughout the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, flint became a strategic raw material due to its use in the manufacture of gunflints for different firearms. The Spanish army obtained a large part of its supplies from the Kingdom of Granada –roughly the present day Province of Granada– and, since 1760, from the quarries located near Zaragoza around the Huerva River. This region became one of the main production centers as a result of the contracting system established by the Crown for the supply of more than one million stones per year. In the article we present the impressive archaeological footprints of those exploitations –trenches, galleries, pits, dumps…–, the processing places and the knapping technology used and some documentary data on the production and the specialized craftsmen known as pedernaleros. Pedernaleros craft and union trade died out in the mid-19th century when weapons with flintlock mechanism became obsolete. But, above all, we want to give an account for an extraordinarily preserved and practically unknown heritage that demands its recognition and enhancement.
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Dewey, John. The Collected Works of John Dewey, 1882-1953 (1967-1987). The Early Works, 1882-1898, 1967-1972 (5 vols.); The Middle Works, 1899-1924, 1976-1983 (15 vols.), The Later Works, 1925-1953, 1981-1991 (17 vols.). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Dewey, John (1950). Lógica. Teoría de la Investigación [1938]. Prólogo y traducción de Eugenio Imaz. México: FCE.
Dewey, John (1965). Teoría de la vida moral [1932]. Traducción de Rafael Castillo Dibildox. México D.F.: Herrero Hermanos.
Dewey, John (2008). Teoría de la valoración. Un debate con el positivismo sobre la dicotomía de hechos y valores. [1939]. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva.
Dewey, John (2012). Unmodern philosophy and modern philosophy. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
di Berardino, A. y Faerna, Á. M. (2008). Introducción a Dewey. En John Dewey, Teoría de la valoración. Un debate con el positivismo sobre la dicotomía de hechos y valores. [1939]. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva.
Eemeren van, Fran; Grootendorst, Rob, Snoeck Henkemans, Francisca et al (1996). Fundamentals of Argumentation Theory. A Handbook of Historical Backgrounds and Contemporary Developments. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Faerna, Á. M. (2006). Significado y valor: La crítica pragmatista al emotivismo. Quaderns de filosofia i ciència, 36, 27-39.
Faerna, Á. M. (2011). Dewey's Value Theory and the Analytic Tradition of Moral Philosophy. En L. A. Hickman, K. P. Skowronski, J. A. Rea (Eds.), The Continuing Relevance of John Dewey: Reflections on Aesthetics, Morality, Science, and Society (p. 13). Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi Press. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042032330_010
Knorr Cetina, Karin (2005). La fabricación del conocimiento. Un ensayo sobre el carácter constructivista y contextual de la ciencia [1981]. Bernal: Universidad Nacional de Quilmes.
Kusch, Martin (1995). Psychologism: A Case Study in the Sociology of Philosophical Knowledge. Londres: Routledge.
Latour, Bruno, Woolgar, Steve (1995). La Vida en el Laboratorio: la Construcción de los Hechos Científicos [1986]. Madrid. Alianza Editorial.
Laudan, Larry (1980). Why was the logic of discovery abandoned? En Thomas Nickles (Ed.), Scientific Discovery, Logic and Rationality (pp. 173-184). Dordrecht/Boston/London: Reidel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8986-3_6
Lewis, Clarence Irwing (1929). Review of John Dewey's The Quest for Certainty. En Collected Papers of Clarence Irving Lewis (1970). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Macagno, Fabrizio, Walton, Douglas (2018). Practical Reasoning Arguments: A Modular Approach. Argumentation, 32(4), 519-547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10503-018-9450-5
Marcuse, Herbert (1941). Review: Dewey, John, Theory of Valuation. Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, 9(1), 144-148. https://doi.org/10.5840/zfs19419110
Naishtat, Francisco (2006). Problemas filosóficos en la acción individual y colectiva. Buenos Aires: Prometeo.
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1965). Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Reichenbach, Hans (1938). Experience and Prediction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Salmon, Wesley (1973). Logic. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Schickore, Jutta, Steinle, Friedrich (Eds.) (2006) Revisiting Discovery and Justification: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on the Context Distinction. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4251-5
Sinclair, Robert (2014). Dewey and White on Value, Obligation, and Practical Judgment. SATS, 15(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1515/sats-2014-0003
Stevenson, Charles (1944). Ethics and Language. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Toulmin, Stephen E. (2003). The Uses of Argument. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511840005 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840005
Volbers, Jörg (2018). Reclaiming the Power of Thought. European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy [Online], X-2. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejpap/1327 https://doi.org/10.4000/ejpap.1327
Walton, Douglas (2007). Evaluating Practical Reasoning. Synthese, 157(2),197-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-007-9157-x
Walton, Douglas (1990). Practical Reasoning: Goal-Driven, Knowledge-Based, Action-Guiding Argumentation. Ethics,102(1), 179-180. https://doi.org/10.1086/293390
White, Morton (1949). Value and obligation in Dewey and Lewis. The Philosophical Review, 58(4), 321-329. https://doi.org/10.2307/2182080
Historical flint exploitation for gunflints. River Huerva case study (Zaragoza). (2020). Zephyrvs, 86, 191-216. https://doi.org/10.14201/zephyrus202086191216
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