On the concept of sovereignty in the Iliad: an approach through the Achilles-Agamemnon conflict
Abstract This paper analyzes the presence of the concept of sovereignty in the Iliad and analyzes the philosophical-political problematization offered by the poem's narrative through the questioning of its foundations, scope, and limits. The study seeks to elucidate how sovereignty is understood within the Iliad, what forms it takes –identifying whether a privileged mode exists–and its sources of legitimacy. First, the paper provides a brief Begriffsgeschichte of sovereignty within the Humanities to establish a general framework. Next, it outlines the core philosophical problems inherent to the notion. Finally, it addresses the concept of sovereignty as it is developed through the conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon, utilizing the specific forms of epic poetry. The aim is to demonstrate that sovereignty manifests as a thematic backbone of the Iliad, revealing the deeply philosophical-political nature of its poetic approach.
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Abritta, Alejandro et al. Ilíada: Canto 1. Traducción comentada. Tercera edición, ampliada y corregida. https://texto.iliada.com.ar/canto1.html
Allan, Williams y Douglas Cairns. “Conflict and Community in the Iliad”. En Homeric Contexts: Neoanalysis and the Interpretation of Oral Poetry, editado por Nick Fisher y Hans Van Wees, 113-146. Berlín: De Gruyter, 2011.
Barker, Elton. “Achilles’ Last Stand: Institutionalising Dissent in Homer’s Iliad”. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society, 50, 2004, 92-120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068673500001061
Benveniste, Émile. Dictionary of Indo-European Concepts and Society. Chicago: Hau Books, 2016.
Berent, Moshe. “Sovereignty: ancient and modern”. Polis, 17, 2000, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000020
Bodin, Jean. Les Six Livres de la République. París: Chez Jacques du Puys, 1576.
Carlsson, Susanne. Hellenistic Democracies. Freedom, Independence and Political Procedure in Some East Greek City-States. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2010.
Cartledge, Paul. “The Greek invention of the Polis, of politics and of the political”. En Ancient Greek Political Thought in Practice, editado por Paul Cartledge y Peter Garnsey, 11-28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801747
Chantraine, Pierre. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (DELG). París: Klincksieck, 1968-1980.
Chendo, Juan Pablo. “outidanòs oûtis. Claves para una breve genealogía de la nada”. Thémata. Revista de Filosofía, 54, 2016, 93-110. https://doi.org/10.12795/themata.2016.i54.05
Christensen, Joel. “The Failure of Speech: Rhetoric and Politics in the Iliad”. Tesis doctoral, New York University, 2007.
Corominas, Joan. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico RI-X. Madrid: Gredos, 1983.
Elmer, David F. The Poetics of Consent: Collective Decision Making and the Iliad. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Farenga, Vincent. Citizen and Self in Ancient Greece: Individuals Performing Justice and the Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497902
Finkelberg, Margalit. “Homer at the Panathenaia: Some possible scenarios”. En The Winnowing Oar: New Perspectives in Homeric Studies, editado por Christos Tsagalis y Andreas Markantonatos, 29-40. Berlín: De Gruyter, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110559873-003
Finley, Moses I. El Mundo de Odiseo. México D. F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1961.
Finley, Moses I. El nacimiento de la política. Barcelona: Crítica, 1986.
Gallego, Julián. La pólis griega. Orígenes, estructuras, enfoques. Buenos Aires: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2017.
García Valdés, Manuela. Aristóteles. Política. Introducción, traducción y notas. Madrid: Gredos, 1982.
Glare, Peter, ed. Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD). Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1982.
Griffin, Jasper. Homer on Life and Death. Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1980.
Hainsworth, Bryan. The Iliad: A Commentary. Vol. III (books 9-12). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511518386
Hammer, Dean. “Who Shall Readily Obey?: Authority and Politics in the Iliad”. Phoenix, 51, 1997, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.2307/1192582
Hammer, Dean. “The Politics of the Iliad”. The Classical Journal, 94, 1998, 1-30.
Hammer, Dean. The Iliad as politics. The performance of Political Thought. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.
Hammer, Dean. “Homer and Political Thought”. En The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Political Thought, editado por Stephen Salkever, 15-41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL9780521867535.002
Hinsley, Francis H. El concepto de soberanía. Barcelona: Labor, 1972.
Hölkeskamp, Karl-Joachim. “Zwischen Agon und Argumentation: Rede und Redner in der archaischen Polis”. En Rede und Redner. Bewertung und Darstellung in den antiken Kulturen, editado por Christian Neumeister y Wulf Raeck, 17-43. Möhnesee: Bibliopolis, 2000.
Janko, Richard. Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Janko, Richard. “The Homeric Poems as Oral Dictated Texts”. The Classical Quarterly, 48(1), 1998, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/cq/48.1.1
Jellinek, Georg. Teoría General del Estado. México D. F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2000.
Kirk, Geoffrey, ed. The Iliad: A Commentary. Vol I (books 1-4). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620263
Laski, Harold J. El problema de la soberanía. Buenos Aires: Dédalo, 1960.
Leaf, Walter. The Iliad, edited, with apparatus criticus, prolegomena, notes, and appendices. Londres: Macmillan, 1886.
Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott y Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon (LSJ). Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1996.
Luraghi, Nino. “One-Man Government: The Greeks and Monarchy”. En A Companion to Ancient Greek Government, editado por Hans Beck, 131-145. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118303214.ch9
Míguez Barciela, Laura. “La problematización del ejército aqueo en el canto II de la Ilíada”. Ex novo, 4, 2007, 47-58.
Moreno García, Sinforiano. La concepción y el concepto de soberanía: Particular referencia al artículo 1.2 de la Constitución Española de 1978. Tesis doctoral inédita, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2006.
Nagy, Gregory. The Best of Achaeans. Baltimore-Londres: The John Hopkins University Press, 1979.
Nagy, Gregory. Homeric Questions. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996. https://doi.org/10.7560/755611
Quinlan, Stephen. The Iliad, the Athlete and the Ancient Greek Polis. Tesis doctoral inédita, University of Ottawa, 2009.
Reyes, Alfonso. Estudios helénicos. México D. F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1966.
Roisman, Hanna. “Nestor the Good Counsellor”. The Classical Quarterly, 55(1), 2005, 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/cq/bmi002
Rose, Peter W. “Thersites and the Plural Voices of Homer”. Arethusa, 21, 1988, 5-25.
Rose, Peter W. Sons of the Gods, Children of Earth: Ideology and Literary Form in Ancient Greece. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.
Sale, William M. “The Government of Troy: Politics in the Iliad”. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 35, 1994, 5-102.
Stuurman, Siep. “The voice of Thersites: Reflections on the Origins of the Idea of Equality”. Journal of the History of Ideas, 65, 2004, 171-189. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2004.0033
Thalmann, William. The Swineherd and the Bow: Representations of Class in the Odyssey. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.
van Thiel, Helmut, ed. Homeri Ilias. Hildesheim: Olms-Weidmann, 2010.
van Wees, Hans. “Leaders of Men? Military Organization in the Iliad”. The Classical Quarterly, 36(2), 1986, 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009838800012052
Allan, Williams y Douglas Cairns. “Conflict and Community in the Iliad”. En Homeric Contexts: Neoanalysis and the Interpretation of Oral Poetry, editado por Nick Fisher y Hans Van Wees, 113-146. Berlín: De Gruyter, 2011.
Barker, Elton. “Achilles’ Last Stand: Institutionalising Dissent in Homer’s Iliad”. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society, 50, 2004, 92-120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068673500001061
Benveniste, Émile. Dictionary of Indo-European Concepts and Society. Chicago: Hau Books, 2016.
Berent, Moshe. “Sovereignty: ancient and modern”. Polis, 17, 2000, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000020
Bodin, Jean. Les Six Livres de la République. París: Chez Jacques du Puys, 1576.
Carlsson, Susanne. Hellenistic Democracies. Freedom, Independence and Political Procedure in Some East Greek City-States. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2010.
Cartledge, Paul. “The Greek invention of the Polis, of politics and of the political”. En Ancient Greek Political Thought in Practice, editado por Paul Cartledge y Peter Garnsey, 11-28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801747
Chantraine, Pierre. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (DELG). París: Klincksieck, 1968-1980.
Chendo, Juan Pablo. “outidanòs oûtis. Claves para una breve genealogía de la nada”. Thémata. Revista de Filosofía, 54, 2016, 93-110. https://doi.org/10.12795/themata.2016.i54.05
Christensen, Joel. “The Failure of Speech: Rhetoric and Politics in the Iliad”. Tesis doctoral, New York University, 2007.
Corominas, Joan. Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico RI-X. Madrid: Gredos, 1983.
Elmer, David F. The Poetics of Consent: Collective Decision Making and the Iliad. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Farenga, Vincent. Citizen and Self in Ancient Greece: Individuals Performing Justice and the Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497902
Finkelberg, Margalit. “Homer at the Panathenaia: Some possible scenarios”. En The Winnowing Oar: New Perspectives in Homeric Studies, editado por Christos Tsagalis y Andreas Markantonatos, 29-40. Berlín: De Gruyter, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110559873-003
Finley, Moses I. El Mundo de Odiseo. México D. F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1961.
Finley, Moses I. El nacimiento de la política. Barcelona: Crítica, 1986.
Gallego, Julián. La pólis griega. Orígenes, estructuras, enfoques. Buenos Aires: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2017.
García Valdés, Manuela. Aristóteles. Política. Introducción, traducción y notas. Madrid: Gredos, 1982.
Glare, Peter, ed. Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD). Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1982.
Griffin, Jasper. Homer on Life and Death. Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1980.
Hainsworth, Bryan. The Iliad: A Commentary. Vol. III (books 9-12). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511518386
Hammer, Dean. “Who Shall Readily Obey?: Authority and Politics in the Iliad”. Phoenix, 51, 1997, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.2307/1192582
Hammer, Dean. “The Politics of the Iliad”. The Classical Journal, 94, 1998, 1-30.
Hammer, Dean. The Iliad as politics. The performance of Political Thought. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.
Hammer, Dean. “Homer and Political Thought”. En The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Political Thought, editado por Stephen Salkever, 15-41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL9780521867535.002
Hinsley, Francis H. El concepto de soberanía. Barcelona: Labor, 1972.
Hölkeskamp, Karl-Joachim. “Zwischen Agon und Argumentation: Rede und Redner in der archaischen Polis”. En Rede und Redner. Bewertung und Darstellung in den antiken Kulturen, editado por Christian Neumeister y Wulf Raeck, 17-43. Möhnesee: Bibliopolis, 2000.
Janko, Richard. Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Janko, Richard. “The Homeric Poems as Oral Dictated Texts”. The Classical Quarterly, 48(1), 1998, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/cq/48.1.1
Jellinek, Georg. Teoría General del Estado. México D. F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2000.
Kirk, Geoffrey, ed. The Iliad: A Commentary. Vol I (books 1-4). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620263
Laski, Harold J. El problema de la soberanía. Buenos Aires: Dédalo, 1960.
Leaf, Walter. The Iliad, edited, with apparatus criticus, prolegomena, notes, and appendices. Londres: Macmillan, 1886.
Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott y Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon (LSJ). Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1996.
Luraghi, Nino. “One-Man Government: The Greeks and Monarchy”. En A Companion to Ancient Greek Government, editado por Hans Beck, 131-145. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118303214.ch9
Míguez Barciela, Laura. “La problematización del ejército aqueo en el canto II de la Ilíada”. Ex novo, 4, 2007, 47-58.
Moreno García, Sinforiano. La concepción y el concepto de soberanía: Particular referencia al artículo 1.2 de la Constitución Española de 1978. Tesis doctoral inédita, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2006.
Nagy, Gregory. The Best of Achaeans. Baltimore-Londres: The John Hopkins University Press, 1979.
Nagy, Gregory. Homeric Questions. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996. https://doi.org/10.7560/755611
Quinlan, Stephen. The Iliad, the Athlete and the Ancient Greek Polis. Tesis doctoral inédita, University of Ottawa, 2009.
Reyes, Alfonso. Estudios helénicos. México D. F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1966.
Roisman, Hanna. “Nestor the Good Counsellor”. The Classical Quarterly, 55(1), 2005, 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/cq/bmi002
Rose, Peter W. “Thersites and the Plural Voices of Homer”. Arethusa, 21, 1988, 5-25.
Rose, Peter W. Sons of the Gods, Children of Earth: Ideology and Literary Form in Ancient Greece. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.
Sale, William M. “The Government of Troy: Politics in the Iliad”. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 35, 1994, 5-102.
Stuurman, Siep. “The voice of Thersites: Reflections on the Origins of the Idea of Equality”. Journal of the History of Ideas, 65, 2004, 171-189. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2004.0033
Thalmann, William. The Swineherd and the Bow: Representations of Class in the Odyssey. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.
van Thiel, Helmut, ed. Homeri Ilias. Hildesheim: Olms-Weidmann, 2010.
van Wees, Hans. “Leaders of Men? Military Organization in the Iliad”. The Classical Quarterly, 36(2), 1986, 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009838800012052
On the concept of sovereignty in the Iliad: an approach through the Achilles-Agamemnon conflict. (2026). Studia Historica. Historia Antigua, 44, e32337. https://doi.org/10.14201/shha32337
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