<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="es" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">teri</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Teor&#x00ED;a de la Educaci&#x00F3;n. Revista Interuniversitaria</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">TERI</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1130-3743</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2386-5660</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">teri.27699</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/teri.27699</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Art&#x00ED;culos</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>HACIA UNA EDUCACI&#x00D3;N M&#x00C1;S INCLUSIVA: LA TRANSFORMACI&#x00D3;N DE UN CENTRO EDUCATIVO<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></article-title>
<trans-title-group>
<trans-title xml:lang="en"><italic>Towards a More Inclusive Education: A School Transformation</italic></trans-title>
</trans-title-group>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1551-1586</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>FERN&#x00C1;NDEZ BL&#x00C1;ZQUEZ</surname>
<given-names>M.&#x00AA; Luz M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8682-5342</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>ECHEITA SARRIONANDIA</surname>
<given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<institution content-type="original">Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid. Espa&#x00F1;a.</institution>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid</institution>
<country country="ES">Espa&#x00F1;a</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><email>mluz.fernandez@uam.es</email></corresp>
<corresp id="c2"><email>gerardo.echeita@uam.es</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>01</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<elocation-id>e27699</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>10</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2021</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>18</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>&#x00A9; 2022 Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
<license-p>Licencia CC BY-NC-ND. Licencia Creative Commons Atribuci&#x00F3;n-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional Universidad de Salamanca. Su comercializaci&#x00F3;n est&#x00E1; sujeta al permiso del editor</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<title>RESUMEN</title>
<p>La investigaci&#x00F3;n en educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva apunta la necesidad de ampliar nuestra comprensi&#x00F3;n sobre los procesos de transformaci&#x00F3;n escolar con horizonte inclusivo desde los contextos particulares, con enfoque <italic>emic</italic>. La investigaci&#x00F3;n que presentamos busca contribuir en esa direcci&#x00F3;n. Se trata de un estudio de caso &#x00FA;nico de tipo instrumental con aproximaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. Tiene como objetivo principal conocer el desarrollo del proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n con horizonte inclusivo de un centro educativo, analizando los motivos que lo impulsaron y las estrategias seguidas para comenzar su proceso de cambio. Se emplearon como estrategias de recogida de informaci&#x00F3;n la entrevista, realizando un total de 37 a 27 miembros de la comunidad educativa, y el grupo de discusi&#x00F3;n, realizando tres a un total de 16 informantes. Desde un an&#x00E1;lisis tem&#x00E1;tico de tipo inductivo extraemos los principales resultados relacionados con dos grandes dimensiones: la ruptura con lo preestablecido y las estrategias en el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n. La primera de las dimensiones cuenta con dos bloques tem&#x00E1;ticos, donde se perfilan los motivos que llevaron a los profesionales de la comunidad educativa a emprender el proceso de cambio y el horizonte que siguieron. La segunda muestra las estrategias que pusieron en marcha relacionadas con los cambios en la estructura y la organizaci&#x00F3;n del centro, la conexi&#x00F3;n con la propia pr&#x00E1;ctica profesional y el acompa&#x00F1;amiento al profesorado en el cambio. Desarrollar una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva puede significar una transformaci&#x00F3;n personal relacionada con la percepci&#x00F3;n de uno mismo como agente de cambio y una transformaci&#x00F3;n colectiva desde las estrategias grupales que se desarrollan y del propio cambio institucional que se necesita.</p>
</abstract>
<trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Research in inclusive education points out the need to broaden our understanding of school transformation processes with an inclusive horizon from particular contexts, with an emic approach. The research we present seeks to contribute in that direction. This is a single case study of an instrumental type with a qualitative approach. Its main objective is to know the development of the transformation process with an inclusive horizon of an educational center, analyzing the reasons that prompted it and the strategies followed to start its change process. We have used the interview as information gathering strategies, carrying out a total of 37 to 27 members of the educational community, and the discussion group, carrying out three with a total of 16 informants. From an inductive thematic analysis we extract the main results related to two large dimensions: the break with the pre-established and the strategies in the transformation process. The first of the dimensions has two thematic blocks, where the reasons that led the professionals of the educational community to undertake the process of change and the horizon that they followed are outlined. The second shows the strategies they put in place related to changes in the structure and organization of the center, the connection with their own professional practice and the accompaniment of teachers in the change. Developing an inclusive education can mean a personal transformation related to the perception of oneself as an agent of change and a collective transformation from the group strategies that are developed and the institutional change that is needed.</p>
</trans-abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
<title><italic>Palabras clave:</italic></title>
<kwd>educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</kwd>
<kwd>transformaci&#x00F3;n educativa</kwd>
<kwd>estudio de casos</kwd>
<kwd>inclusi&#x00F3;n</kwd>
<kwd>cambio educativo</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title><italic>Keywords:</italic></title>
<kwd>inclusive education</kwd>
<kwd>educational transformation</kwd>
<kwd>study of cases</kwd>
<kwd>inclusion</kwd>
<kwd>educational change</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="award1">
<funding-source>
<institution-wrap>
<institution>Formaci&#x00F3;n del Personal Investigador de la Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
<award-id>EDU 2017-86739-R</award-id>
</award-group>
<funding-statement>Este art&#x00ED;culo se realiza con apoyo del Proyecto financiado por el Programa Estatal de Investigaci&#x00F3;n, Desarrollo e Innovaci&#x00F3;n Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad. Ministerio de Econom&#x00ED;a, Industria y Competitividad con referencia EDU 2017-86739-R y de un contrato predoctoral para la Formaci&#x00F3;n del Personal Investigador de la Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="introduction" id="sec-1-27699-Esp">
<label><bold>1.</bold></label>
<title><bold>I<sc>ntroducci&#x00F3;n</sc></bold></title>
<p>La difusi&#x00F3;n de los presupuestos te&#x00F3;ricos de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva tiene alcance y presencia internacional (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-61-27699-Esp">UNESCO, 2020</xref>). Sin embargo, a&#x00FA;n hoy, estamos en claro riesgo de entender la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva como obra maestra de la ret&#x00F3;rica, porque parece representar una &#x00E9;tica ideal s&#x00F3;lida, f&#x00E1;cil de aceptar y dif&#x00ED;cil de rechazar (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-5-27699-Esp">Artiles y Kozleski, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-50-27699-Esp">Norwich, 2014</xref>), pero con mucha menos representaci&#x00F3;n en las acciones. A pesar de ser reconocida como un derecho humano (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-11-27699-Esp">UN, 2006</xref>) y aun siendo parte de la Agenda 2030 de la <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-62-27699-Esp">UNESCO (2015)</xref>, las presiones internacionales parecen no ser suficientes para su desarrollo en los diferentes contextos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-61-27699-Esp">UNESCO, 2020</xref>).</p>
<p>La investigaci&#x00F3;n identifica aspectos de diferente naturaleza que pueden estar de fondo en la dif&#x00ED;cil y compleja tarea de traducci&#x00F3;n de los valores inclusivos a la acci&#x00F3;n (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-9-27699-Esp">Booth y Ainscow, 2015</xref>). A <italic>nivel conceptual</italic> encontramos que dentro de las diferentes esferas sociales y contextos se mantienen distintas comprensiones sobre el concepto (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-40-27699-Esp">Messiou, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-48-27699-Esp">Nilholm y G&#x00F6;ransson, 2017</xref>). A <italic>nivel cultural</italic> conocemos que las reformas de alcance nacional que requiere la construcci&#x00F3;n de una educaci&#x00F3;n m&#x00E1;s inclusiva pueden <italic>redefinirse</italic> o <italic>recalibrarse</italic> en los contextos locales, de modo que se ajusten a lo preexistente en los mismos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Esp">Powell, Edelstein y Blanck, 2015</xref>), generando escenarios muy dispares incluso dentro de un mismo pa&#x00ED;s y con el propio horizonte inclusivo (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-31-27699-Esp">G&#x00F6;ransson y Nilholm, 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-33-27699-Esp">Hakala y Leivo, 2017</xref>). A <italic>nivel pr&#x00E1;ctico</italic>, en los centros escolares, identificamos las complejidades que entra&#x00F1;an los procesos de movilizaci&#x00F3;n del conocimiento del &#x00E1;mbito investigador al pr&#x00E1;ctico (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Esp">Korsgaard <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>) as&#x00ED; como la dilem&#x00E1;tica y tambi&#x00E9;n compleja tarea que supone la creaci&#x00F3;n y mantenimiento por los profesionales de la educaci&#x00F3;n de la coherencia entre el discurso te&#x00F3;rico y pr&#x00E1;ctico (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-47-27699-Esp">Naraian y Schlessinger, 2017</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-41-27699-Esp">Messiou y Ainscow, 2020</xref>). As&#x00ED;, necesitamos comprender el modo en que se traducen los presupuestos te&#x00F3;ricos en los propios contextos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Esp">Korsgaard <italic>et al</italic>.., 2018</xref>) cobrando especial valor los lugares con estructuras descentralizadas en materia de educaci&#x00F3;n (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Esp">Powell <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>), como es el caso de Espa&#x00F1;a, y explorar los mecanismos mediante los que los propios profesionales de la educaci&#x00F3;n llegan a asumir y comprometerse con el desarrollo de pedagog&#x00ED;as inclusivas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-31-27699-Esp">G&#x00F6;ransson y Nilholm, 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-40-27699-Esp">Messiou, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-47-27699-Esp">Naraian y Schlessinger, 2017</xref>). En este marco, los enfoques investigadores de <italic>tipo emic</italic>, es decir, que comprenden los procesos investigados desde el punto de vista de los participantes, pueden contribuir en, al menos, dos sentidos: (1) ampliar nuestra comprensi&#x00F3;n sobre algunas de las lagunas que la literatura identifica y que hemos se&#x00F1;alado previamente; (2) situarnos en una epistemolog&#x00ED;a que permite reubicarnos y alejarnos de la tendencia, para algunos preocupante, hacia la que se dirige la investigaci&#x00F3;n en educaci&#x00F3;n (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-42-27699-Esp">Mor&#x00ED;n, 2006</xref>) y el modo de comprender la pr&#x00E1;ctica educativa, a trav&#x00E9;s de instrumentos estad&#x00ED;sticos y basados en metaan&#x00E1;lisis, que deja de <italic>escuchar</italic> la pr&#x00E1;ctica educativa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Esp">Korsgaard <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>), ignorando la realidad que enfrentan los docentes y educadores y perdiendo as&#x00ED; contacto con el <italic>tacto pedag&#x00F3;gico</italic> (Herbart, 1896, citado en <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Esp">Korsgaard <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>).</p>
    <p>La investigaci&#x00F3;n que aqu&#x00ED; mostramos busca aportar luz en este sentido y su fin &#x00FA;ltimo se puede condensar desde las palabras de la UNESCO: &#x201C;&#x00BF;<italic>C&#x00F3;mo</italic> podemos promover la legislaci&#x00F3;n, las pol&#x00ED;ticas, los programas y <italic>las pr&#x00E1;cticas</italic> que garanticen la inclusi&#x00F3;n y la equidad en la educaci&#x00F3;n?&#x201D; (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-61-27699-Esp">2020</xref>, p. 8, traducci&#x00F3;n propia, &#x00E9;nfasis a&#x00F1;adido). Para ello nos hemos aproximado a una comunidad educativa que emprendi&#x00F3; un proceso de cambio y hemos estudiado en profundidad el proceso seguido.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-2-27699-Esp">
<label><bold>2.</bold></label>
<title><bold>O<sc>bjetivos: preguntas de investigaci&#x00F3;n</sc></bold></title>
<p>Partimos de una pregunta de investigaci&#x00F3;n principal que se concreta en dos preguntas espec&#x00ED;ficas<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref>:</p>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>&#x00BF;C&#x00F3;mo se ha desarrollado el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n escolar con la intenci&#x00F3;n de desarrollar una educaci&#x00F3;n m&#x00E1;s inclusiva?</p>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><label>*</label> <p>&#x00BF;Qu&#x00E9; motivos impulsaron el inicio del proceso?</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>*</label> <p>&#x00BF;Qu&#x00E9; estrategias siguieron y desarrollaron para impulsar la transformaci&#x00F3;n con ese horizonte de cambio en la comunidad educativa?</p></list-item>
</list>
</list-item></list>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="method" id="sec-3-27699-Esp">
<label><bold>3.</bold></label>
<title><bold>M<sc>&#x00E9;todo</sc></bold></title>
<p>Hemos realizado un estudio de caso &#x00FA;nico de tipo instrumental (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-14-27699-Esp">Creswell, 2013</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-67-27699-Esp">Yin, 2009</xref>). Este dise&#x00F1;o nos ha permitido profundizar en el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n con horizonte inclusivo de un centro educativo de la Comunidad de Madrid (Espa&#x00F1;a).</p>
<p>Investigaciones en el &#x00E1;mbito de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva manifiestan la importancia de explicar las asunciones filos&#x00F3;ficas que est&#x00E1;n de base en la investigaci&#x00F3;n (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-40-27699-Esp">Messiou, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-58-27699-Esp">Slee, 2019</xref>). De este modo, a nivel ontol&#x00F3;gico, entendemos que las vivencias sobre el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n del centro educativo que estudiamos tienen un <italic>nivel de complejidad elevado y sist&#x00E9;mico</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-36-27699-Esp">Mart&#x00ED;nez, 2006</xref>;). El <italic>sentido del cambio</italic> debe construirse y comprenderse desde el contexto de la propia instituci&#x00F3;n y sus integrantes, quienes pueden otorgar <italic>diferentes significados</italic> a esa experiencia adoptando as&#x00ED; la idea de <italic>realidades m&#x00FA;ltiples</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-14-27699-Esp">Creswell, 2013</xref>). Entendemos que la imagen del objeto de estudio que mostramos no supone un reflejo como mostrar&#x00ED;a un espejo, situ&#x00E1;ndonos de este modo en asunciones epistemol&#x00F3;gicas positivistas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-64-27699-Esp">Vasilachis de Gialdino, 2009</xref>) sino, m&#x00E1;s bien, el an&#x00E1;lisis que aqu&#x00ED; presentamos supone uno de los m&#x00FA;ltiples acercamientos que podr&#x00ED;amos realizar a nuestro objeto de estudio (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-15-27699-Esp">Denzin y Lincoln, 2012</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-28-27699-Esp">Gibbs, 2012</xref>)<bold>.</bold> As&#x00ED;, podemos situar esta investigaci&#x00F3;n en un <italic>paradigma constructivista-interpretativo</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-15-27699-Esp">Denzin y Lincoln, 2012</xref>).</p>
<sec id="sec-4-27699-Esp">
<label>3.1.</label>
<title><italic>Descripci&#x00F3;n del caso</italic></title>
<p>Se trata de un centro educativo concertado impulsado por una Fundaci&#x00F3;n. Est&#x00E1; ubicado en la zona norte de Madrid capital (Espa&#x00F1;a). Funciona desde el a&#x00F1;o 1953. Es de l&#x00ED;nea tres y en el momento del estudio contaba con 1269 estudiantes distribuidos en clases desde el Aula de 2 a&#x00F1;os hasta 2&#x00BA; de Bachillerato. El equipo docente est&#x00E1; conformado por 90 docentes entre profesorado, equipo de orientaci&#x00F3;n y personal directivo. Seg&#x00FA;n se&#x00F1;ala su director, el centro tiene un 5% de su alumnado con la consideraci&#x00F3;n de <italic>alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales</italic>, y otro 5% podr&#x00ED;a tener tal consideraci&#x00F3;n pero no sucede as&#x00ED; en este colegio por pol&#x00ED;tica de centro y acuerdo con las familias. En el a&#x00F1;o 2008 coincidiendo con un cambio en el equipo directivo del centro, emprendieron un proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n que buscaba transformar el centro con un horizonte inclusivo.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-5-27699-Esp">
<label>3.2.</label>
<title><italic>Participantes: criterios de selecci&#x00F3;n</italic></title>
<p>Los criterios de <italic>casos cr&#x00ED;ticos y variaci&#x00F3;n m&#x00E1;xima</italic> propuestos por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-39-27699-Esp">Miles <italic>et al</italic>. (2014)</xref> han contribuido a conformar la muestra total de 33 informantes: 30 docentes con diferentes roles en la comunidad educativa (equipo directivo, departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n, profesorado) y tres progenitores de estudiantes del centro.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-6-27699-Esp">
<label>3.3.</label>
<title><italic>Estrategias de recogida de informaci&#x00F3;n</italic></title>
<p>Para explorar tanto los motivos que llevaron al inicio del cambio como las estrategias seguidas en el proceso, hemos empleado las siguientes estrategias de recogida de informaci&#x00F3;n:</p>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>Entrevista semiestructurada. Hemos realizado 31 entrevistas semiestructuradas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-35-27699-Esp">Kvale, 2011</xref>) y con diferentes formatos (individuales y en pareja) de entre 30 y 120 minutos a 27 informantes de la comunidad educativa.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>Grupos de discusi&#x00F3;n (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-6-27699-Esp">Barbour, 2013</xref>). Hemos realizado tres grupos de discusi&#x00F3;n con profesorado de Educaci&#x00F3;n Primaria (5 docentes), de Educaci&#x00F3;n Secundaria (5 docentes) y el Departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n (6 miembros del equipo) de 50 minutos de duraci&#x00F3;n cada uno.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-7-27699-Esp">
<label>3.4.</label>
<title><italic>Calidad de la investigaci&#x00F3;n</italic></title>
<p>Esta investigaci&#x00F3;n ha sido aprobada por el Comit&#x00E9; de &#x00C9;tica de la Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid (Espa&#x00F1;a). Adem&#x00E1;s, hemos tenido expl&#x00ED;citamente en cuenta principios propios de la calidad en la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa: reflexividad, transparencia, autenticidad, perspectiva hol&#x00ED;stica, sistematicidad metodol&#x00F3;gica, coherencia y conciencia de complejidad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-29-27699-Esp">Gehrig y Palacios, 2014</xref>;). Asimismo hemos seguido un proceso de triangulaci&#x00F3;n entre fuentes de datos (Denzin, 1970, citado en <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-22-27699-Esp">Flick, 2015</xref>) contrastando los datos y an&#x00E1;lisis que tienen potencial comparativo (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-6-27699-Esp">Barbour, 2013</xref>), como son las entrevistas en diferentes formatos y el grupo de discusi&#x00F3;n. La triangulaci&#x00F3;n entre investigadores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-14-27699-Esp">Cresswell, 2013</xref>) se ha realizado entre tres investigadores, dos de ellos firman este trabajo, contrastando peri&#x00F3;dicamente los an&#x00E1;lisis y las interpretaciones realizadas por el primero de los investigadores. Adem&#x00E1;s, tambi&#x00E9;n se sigui&#x00F3; un proceso de revisi&#x00F3;n por los interesados (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-57-27699-Esp">Stake, 2013</xref>), contrastando los an&#x00E1;lisis y resultados con diversos profesionales del centro a lo largo del estudio y en una sesi&#x00F3;n de devoluci&#x00F3;n final con el director del centro educativo.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-8-27699-Esp">
<label>3.5.</label>
<title><italic>Procedimiento de an&#x00E1;lisis de la informaci&#x00F3;n</italic></title>
<p>La informaci&#x00F3;n recabada ha sido transformada en informaci&#x00F3;n textual en soporte inform&#x00E1;tico. Hemos realizado un an&#x00E1;lisis tem&#x00E1;tico de tipo inductivo (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-11-27699-Esp">Braun y Clarke, 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-23-27699-Esp">Flick, 2013</xref>) incluyendo contenido latente o impl&#x00ED;cito y sem&#x00E1;ntico o expl&#x00ED;cito (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-25-27699-Esp">Friese, 2019</xref>) en coherencia con el paradigma de investigaci&#x00F3;n adoptado. Entendemos como tema algo que condensa el sentido o un patr&#x00F3;n de parte de la informaci&#x00F3;n encontrada (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-11-27699-Esp">Braun y Clarke, 2006</xref>). En los an&#x00E1;lisis nos hemos apoyado en el programa inform&#x00E1;tico <italic>ATLAS ti</italic> en su versi&#x00F3;n 1.6.0.</p>
<p>Los bloques tem&#x00E1;ticos y temas identificados en los an&#x00E1;lisis se aglutinan en dos grandes dimensiones La ruptura con lo preestablecido y Las estrategias en el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n. La primera de ellas aglutina los temas relacionados con el <italic>porqu&#x00E9; del inicio</italic> y el <italic>hacia d&#x00F3;nde</italic>, es decir, los motivos para comenzar el cambio y el sentido que la comunidad educativa quer&#x00ED;a darle a su proceso (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tabw-1-27699-Esp">Tabla 1</xref>).</p>
<table-wrap id="tabw-1-27699-Esp">
<label>T<sc>abla</sc> 1</label>
<caption><title><sc>dimensi&#x00F3;n</sc> 1. L<sc>a ruptura con lo preestablecido</sc></title></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<col width="50%"/>
<col width="50%"/>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="center"><p>Bloque tem&#x00E1;tico</p></th>
<th valign="top" align="center"><p>Tema</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4"><p>Motivos para transformar</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Alumnado: reproducir</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Pr&#x00E1;cticas-ideario: incoherencia</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Trabajo docente: insatisfacci&#x00F3;n</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Experiencias transformadoras: la realidad inacabada</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2"><p>Sentido de la transformaci&#x00F3;n</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Abierta a todos</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Teor&#x00ED;a como preocupaci&#x00F3;n esencial</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<p>La Dimensi&#x00F3;n 2 condensa los temas identificados sobre los <italic>c&#x00F3;mos</italic>, es decir, las estrategias seguidas para poder materializar el proceso de cambios (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tabw-2-27699-Esp">Tabla 2</xref>).</p>
<table-wrap id="tabw-2-27699-Esp">
<label>T<sc>abla</sc> 2</label>
<caption><title><sc>dimensi&#x00F3;n</sc> 2. L<sc>as estrategias en el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n</sc></title></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<col width="50%"/>
<col width="50%"/>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="center"><p>Bloque tem&#x00E1;tico</p></th>
<th valign="top" align="center"><p>Tema</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3"><p>Estrategias: Cambios en estructura y organizaci&#x00F3;n</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Cambios en el liderazgo</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Hacia la configuraci&#x00F3;n de la escuela como comunidad: los claustros</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Transformar la pr&#x00E1;ctica pedag&#x00F3;gica</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4"><p>Estrategias: hacia el v&#x00ED;nculo con la experiencia</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Realidad inacabada</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Actuar</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Necesidad</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Vivir lo que ense&#x00F1;an</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2"><p>Estrategias: desde el v&#x00ED;nculo con las personas</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Disponibilidad y sinton&#x00ED;a emocional</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Resistencias</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="results" id="sec-9-27699-Esp">
<label><bold>4.</bold></label>
<title><bold>R<sc>esultados</sc></bold></title>
<p>A continuaci&#x00F3;n, se presentan los bloques tem&#x00E1;ticos y temas. Cada tema lleva por t&#x00ED;tulo entrecomilladas expresiones literales de los participantes que condensan el modo en que se concreta el tema. Todos los nombres que figuran en las citas son pseud&#x00F3;nimos.</p>
<sec id="sec-10-27699-Esp">
<label>Dimensi&#x00F3;n 1.</label>
<title>La ruptura con lo preestablecido</title>
    <p>&#x00BF;C&#x00F3;mo llegar a <italic>percibir la necesidad</italic> de transformar la realidad?, &#x00BF;hacia d&#x00F3;nde <italic>dirigir</italic> los esfuerzos para el cambio? En esta dimensi&#x00F3;n encontramos alta presencia de las voces de dos personas que tuvieron un rol fundamental como agentes de cambio en los inicios del proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Esp">Powell <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>) y visibilizan el proceso de modo m&#x00E1;s evidente. Est&#x00E1;n vinculados al departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n del centro educativo (para un an&#x00E1;lisis mayor ver <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-21-27699-Esp">Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Bl&#x00E1;zquez y Echeita, 2018</xref>).</p>
<sec id="sec-11-27699-Esp">
<label>4.1.</label>
<title><italic>Motivos</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-12-27699-Esp">
<label>4.1.1.</label>
<title>Alumnado: reproducir. &#x201C;Quiero ser como los dem&#x00E1;s de 1&#x00BA; A, con todo y con todos&#x201D;</title>
<p>Los profesionales del departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n vivieron experiencias con el alumnado que en cierto sentido les facilitaron problematizar la realidad, desarrollar procesos reflexivos acerca de las implicaciones de sus propias pr&#x00E1;cticas en la configuraci&#x00F3;n de la experiencia educativa del alumnado y tomaron conciencia de su rol o responsabilidad en la creaci&#x00F3;n de esa experiencia. Estas vivencias se relacionan principalmente con el modo en que se ofrec&#x00ED;a el apoyo educativo a los estudiantes considerados con necesidades educativas especiales. Concretamente, las palabras que abren este tema proceden de la historia de una estudiante del centro educativo. Esta estudiante, Vaiana, desde la voz de Mariana:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>yo lo s&#x00E9; tambi&#x00E9;n por las conversaciones que ten&#x00ED;a con la PT, esa es la que hizo cambiar un poquito todo el modelo. Porque no se consegu&#x00ED;a llegar a ella. &#x00BF;Sabes?</p>
<p>(Mariana, departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>&#x201C;No se consegu&#x00ED;a llegar a ella&#x201D; implica una perspectiva transformadora respecto a la comprensi&#x00F3;n de la diversidad que exist&#x00ED;a previamente en la comunidad educativa. Permiti&#x00F3; romper la inercia y vincularse con su propia experiencia profesional: cuestion&#x00E1;ndose su modo de trabajar y sus propias pr&#x00E1;cticas como departamento.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-13-27699-Esp">
<label>4.1.2.</label>
<title>Pr&#x00E1;cticas-ideario: incoherencia. &#x201C;Incoherente con los propios principios del colegio&#x201D;</title>
<p>La puesta en relaci&#x00F3;n del ideario del centro educativo y las pr&#x00E1;cticas de los miembros del departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n mostraba incoherencia. Lo que el ideario identificaba como propuesta educativa no se relacionaba con lo que ellos hac&#x00ED;an como departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n o aquello a lo que contribu&#x00ED;an.</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>hab&#x00ED;a unas fisuras grandes entre la raz&#x00F3;n de ser del colegio y lo que nosotros hac&#x00ED;amos como departamento. Entonces eso nos gener&#x00F3; muchos interrogantes (&#x2026;) no est&#x00E1;bamos satisfechos.</p>
<p>(Crista, departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>Esto les permiti&#x00F3; articular sus reflexiones en torno al ideario y la pr&#x00E1;ctica, en torno a lo que, podr&#x00ED;amos denominar, la b&#x00FA;squeda de la coherencia entre el discurso y la acci&#x00F3;n.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-14-27699-Esp">
<label>4.1.3.</label>
<title>Experiencias transformadoras: la realidad inacabada. &#x201C;Experiencias de transformaci&#x00F3;n de verdad&#x201D;</title>
<p>La experiencia de conocer alternativas de intervenci&#x00F3;n que contribu&#x00ED;an a la transformaci&#x00F3;n profunda de la vida de las personas parece que constituy&#x00F3; un fuerte aliciente en los profesionales para llevarlos a pensar que la transformaci&#x00F3;n era posible, que lo existente pod&#x00ED;a ser transformado.</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Estaba en un momento cr&#x00ED;tico en el que sent&#x00ED;&#x2026; Sent&#x00ED;a que esto o me terminaba de absorber, o el sistema tal y como estaba me terminaba de absorber, llevarme a un lugar pues diferente [al de ahora] o yo encontrar otra cosa. [&#x2026;] Porque yo tambi&#x00E9;n estaba viviendo fuera del cole experiencias de transformaci&#x00F3;n en contextos de educaci&#x00F3;n no formal, experiencias de transformaci&#x00F3;n de verdad, que son las que a m&#x00ED; me han emocionado toda la vida&#x2026; Que por eso estoy aqu&#x00ED;.</p>
<p>(Crista, departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>Comenz&#x00F3; entonces un camino de b&#x00FA;squeda de alternativas para esa nueva construcci&#x00F3;n, apoy&#x00E1;ndose en la teor&#x00ED;a y emprendiendo procesos formativos y conociendo pr&#x00E1;cticas.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-15-27699-Esp">
<label>4.2.</label>
<title><italic>Sentido de la transformaci&#x00F3;n</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-16-27699-Esp">
<label>4.2.1.</label>
<title>Abierta a todos. &#x201C;Se abra a todos sin excepci&#x00F3;n&#x201D;</title>
<p>La cita que encabeza este tema proviene de la Propuesta Educativa del centro y remite al horizonte seleccionado por el centro educativo para su proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n. Se constituye como el filtro con el que comenzaron a seleccionar todos aquellos contenidos te&#x00F3;ricos o pr&#x00E1;cticos que les permit&#x00ED;an avanzar hacia la nueva configuraci&#x00F3;n del centro educativo. Algunos de los miembros de la comunidad educativa se han referido expl&#x00ED;citamente en el horizonte del cambio a la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Un modelo inclusivo en el que todos los alumnos que tienen una necesidad de apoyo est&#x00E1;n dentro de su aula, los recursos est&#x00E1;n dentro del aula, el alumno participa de la misma actividad, participa de la misma din&#x00E1;mica, pero con unos objetivos en algunos momentos diferentes, para conseguir su propio avance dentro de&#x2026; dentro del aula y de la actividad que se est&#x00E9; trabajando, pero la que se est&#x00E9; proponiendo.</p>
<p>(Enara, departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-17-27699-Esp">
<label>4.2.2.</label>
<title>Teor&#x00ED;a como preocupaci&#x00F3;n esencial. &#x201C;Buscar todo aquello que est&#x00E1; fundamentado&#x201D;</title>
<p>Todas las personas entrevistadas aluden a alg&#x00FA;n concepto o corriente te&#x00F3;rico-educativa que comenz&#x00F3; a cobrar valor en los inicios del cambio y nos permite identificar que la <italic>teor&#x00ED;a</italic> durante el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n se configur&#x00F3; como una preocupaci&#x00F3;n esencial y que tambi&#x00E9;n delimitaba las posibilidades de acci&#x00F3;n. Esta docente comparte su experiencia de b&#x00FA;squeda de alternativas al modo en que se daba respuesta al alumnado en su asignatura, el alumnado que &#x201C;no encajaba en ning&#x00FA;n sitio&#x201D;:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Entonces investigando fue cuando empezamos a ver que aquello ten&#x00ED;a pr&#x00E1;cticamente ning&#x00FA;n efecto, muy poco efecto. O sea, lo hac&#x00ED;amos con muy buen&#x2026; con mucho cari&#x00F1;o, pero no ten&#x00ED;a pr&#x00E1;cticamente ning&#x00FA;n efecto</p>
<p>(Saray, equipo directivo).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-18-27699-Esp">
<label>Dimensi&#x00F3;n 2.</label>
<title>Las estrategias en el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n</title>
<p>A continuaci&#x00F3;n se detallan las estrategias que pusieron en marcha en la comunidad en torno a tres bloques tem&#x00E1;ticos: cambios en la estructura, la disponibilidad emocional y las resistencias.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-19-27699-Esp">
<label>4.3.</label>
<title><italic>Estrategias: cambios en estructura y organizaci&#x00F3;n</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-20-27699-Esp">
<label>4.3.1.</label>
<title>Cambios en el liderazgo. &#x201C;La direcci&#x00F3;n necesitaba vehicular ese apoyo a trav&#x00E9;s de las jefaturas&#x201D;</title>
<p>En los inicios del proceso de cambio el liderazgo no estaba conectado con aspectos pedag&#x00F3;gicos. Por lo tanto, la problematizaci&#x00F3;n de la realidad, el sentimiento de necesidad de cambio y la visi&#x00F3;n de s&#x00ED; mismos como agentes protagonistas para ello no era compartido por parte del equipo directivo como s&#x00ED; lo era por miembros del departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n. Por motivos coyunturales uno de los miembros del departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n pas&#x00F3; a ser jefe de estudios de Educaci&#x00F3;n Primaria y ah&#x00ED; desde una posici&#x00F3;n de <italic>liderazgo formal</italic> pudieron comenzar algunos cambios. De hecho, el impulso del cambio en este centro educativo viene del equipo directivo:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Si no hubiese sido la junta directiva quien hubiese echado el valor necesario para hacer todo esto, no hubiese sido.</p>
<p>(Galo, docente Educaci&#x00F3;n Primaria).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-21-27699-Esp">
<label>4.3.2.</label>
<title>La escuela como comunidad: uso de los claustros. &#x201C;Tenemos que generar claustros de estar todos juntos&#x201D;</title>
<p>Las palabras que abren este tema aluden a la intenci&#x00F3;n al comienzo de la transformaci&#x00F3;n de vincular el trabajo entre compa&#x00F1;eros. La informaci&#x00F3;n obtenida apunta a que los claustros comenzaron expl&#x00ED;citamente a ser un lugar de encuentro de todo el equipo de profesionales, con la intenci&#x00F3;n de transformar la ausencia de trabajo colaborativo entre los miembros de la comunidad:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Entonces fue la reflexi&#x00F3;n de: &#x201C;tenemos que generar claustros de estar todos juntos&#x201D; (&#x2026;). Pero la primera propuesta fue: &#x201C;tenemos que tener una excusa cada jueves para convencer a los&#x2026; para hacer que nos juntemos. Y luego aunque se hagan tareas comunes y nos dividamos pero nos tenemos que juntar para hacer alguna reflexi&#x00F3;n sobre algo, aunque solo sea para dar avisos y tal&#x201D;.</p>
<p>(Cristian, equipo directivo).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-22-27699-Esp">
<label>4.3.3.</label>
<title>Transformar la pr&#x00E1;ctica pedag&#x00F3;gica. &#x201C;Buenas pr&#x00E1;cticas&#x201D;</title>
<p>Uno de los temas que se ha reflejado ha sido espec&#x00ED;ficamente la transformaci&#x00F3;n de la metodolog&#x00ED;a docente. Tiana cuenta algunas de las transformaciones espec&#x00ED;ficamente que se realizaron:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Porque empezamos con el tema de quitar libros; despu&#x00E9;s de quitar libros, empezamos a trabajar por proyectos; (&#x2026;) luego surgi&#x00F3;, hace un par de a&#x00F1;os, el proyecto comunicaci&#x00F3;n y lenguaje, lo que es el tema comunicativo&#x2026;</p>
<p>(Tiana, Educaci&#x00F3;n Infantil).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>Como hemos visto en el tema relacionado con el sentido del cambio, la teor&#x00ED;a se erig&#x00ED;a como preocupaci&#x00F3;n esencial en este grupo de profesionales. Esto supuso que las transformaciones en metodolog&#x00ED;a fueran apoyadas en procesos formativos al profesorado:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>raro es el a&#x00F1;o que no tengas cursillo, proceso de formaci&#x00F3;n de un d&#x00ED;a, alguna cosa, algo, es raro el a&#x00F1;o que no tengas algo, inclusi&#x00F3;n, deporte inclusivo, gesti&#x00F3;n, resoluci&#x00F3;n de conflictos&#x2026;</p>
<p>(Merl&#x00ED;n, Educaci&#x00F3;n Primaria).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-23-27699-Esp">
<label>4.4.</label>
<title><italic>Estrategias: hacia el v&#x00ED;nculo con la experiencia</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-24-27699-Esp">
<label>4.4.1.</label>
<title>Realidad inacabada. &#x201C;Nos pusimos a so&#x00F1;ar&#x201D;</title>
<p>Emplearon diferentes estrategias con el profesorado para contribuir a su comprensi&#x00F3;n de la realidad como algo inacabado y que puede transformarse. Entre ellas encontramos: so&#x00F1;ar con formas alternativas de educar, realizar procesos de formaci&#x00F3;n o compartir y ver pr&#x00E1;cticas de otros compa&#x00F1;eros y compa&#x00F1;eras del centro. Con relaci&#x00F3;n a la idea de so&#x00F1;ar comenta Cristian:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Nos sentamos a so&#x00F1;ar con el claustro, nos pusimos a so&#x00F1;ar, qu&#x00E9; so&#x00F1;amos para nuestros alumnos, de hecho, eso todav&#x00ED;a est&#x00E1; documentado y puesto por la sala de profesores y seguimos trabajando muchas veces con esa energ&#x00ED;a, qu&#x00E9; so&#x00F1;amos, cuando so&#x00F1;amos resulta que no so&#x00F1;amos que suspendemos a todos y que todo el mundo estudia mucho por las tardes, cuando so&#x00F1;amos un aula, una escuela, un no s&#x00E9; qu&#x00E9; so&#x00F1;amos cosas muy chulas</p>
<p>(Cristian, equipo directivo).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-25-27699-Esp">
<label>4.4.2.</label>
<title>Actuar. &#x201C;Dar el salto&#x201D;</title>
<p>Frente a grandes procesos de planificaci&#x00F3;n previos, encontramos m&#x00E1;s la acci&#x00F3;n y la reflexi&#x00F3;n posterior sobre esta. Tal y como se&#x00F1;ala esta docente: &#x201C;tir&#x00E1;ndose a la piscina&#x201D;:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Investigadora. &#x00BF;Y c&#x00F3;mo fue eso? [comenzar algunas de las transformaciones que hab&#x00ED;a descrito, en concreto, el tema de la atenci&#x00F3;n temprana].</p>
<p>Elisa. [Risas]. Pues mira, fue un&#x2026; un&#x2026; un tirarse ah&#x00ED; a la piscina&#x2026; pero a m&#x00ED; es que me encanta.</p>
<p>(Elisa, Educaci&#x00F3;n Primaria).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-26-27699-Esp">
<label>4.4.3.</label>
<title>Necesidad. &#x201C;&#x00BF;c&#x00F3;mo puedo hacerlo?&#x201D;</title>
<p>A nivel de centro se tom&#x00F3; la decisi&#x00F3;n de que ning&#x00FA;n alumno pod&#x00ED;a salir del aula a recibir el apoyo educativo. As&#x00ED;, los docentes comenzaron a experimentar que su pr&#x00E1;ctica pedag&#x00F3;gica no daba respuesta a las demandas del alumnado que ahora ten&#x00ED;an y que las formaciones en metodolog&#x00ED;a que se estaban impulsando desde el equipo directivo ten&#x00ED;an ahora un sentido, una utilidad:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Claro, cuando cambias el modelo y ah&#x00ED; se aceptan determinados alumnos que antes no hubiesen tenido cabida en un centro ordinario o que no contaban o que la realidad en este centro por lo menos no era esa, pues genera dificultades en el profesor.</p>
<p>(Ivo, equipo directivo).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>La idea del aumento de la diversidad en el alumnado, unido a la transformaci&#x00F3;n del modelo de orientaci&#x00F3;n desde el que los apoyos se realizaban dentro, facilitaron los procesos de reflexi&#x00F3;n sobre la pr&#x00E1;ctica pedag&#x00F3;gica.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-27-27699-Esp">
<label>4.4.4.</label>
<title>Vivir lo que ense&#x00F1;an. &#x201C;Nos hacen hacer lo mismo que quieren que hagamos&#x201D;</title>
<p>Las palabras que abren este tema pretenden visibilizar otro de los modos en que trataron de contribuir a la creaci&#x00F3;n del v&#x00ED;nculo con la experiencia: vivir en primera persona lo que han de hacer en sus aulas. Diversos docentes comparten esto con relaci&#x00F3;n al uso de metodolog&#x00ED;as, por ejemplo, el aprendizaje cooperativo. Merl&#x00ED;n, docente, explica este hecho:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>En los claustros nos hacen lo mismo que quieren que hagamos nosotros de los grupos cooperativos en las clases.</p>
<p>(Merl&#x00ED;n, Educaci&#x00F3;n Primaria).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-28-27699-Esp">
<label>4.5.</label>
<title><italic>Estrategias: desde el v&#x00ED;nculo con las personas</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-29-27699-Esp">
<label>4.5.1.</label>
<title>Disponibilidad y sinton&#x00ED;a emocional. &#x201C;Porque, claro, te pones en el lugar del compa&#x00F1;ero&#x201D;</title>
<p>La disponibilidad emocional por parte de las personas que ejercieron el liderazgo en el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n se ha mostrado muy clara a lo largo de la informaci&#x00F3;n recogida e incluso se formaron para ello. Esta disponibilidad significaba que los l&#x00ED;deres parec&#x00ED;an asumir que la gesti&#x00F3;n de la emoci&#x00F3;n del profesorado era parte de su tarea. La apertura a lo emocional pasaba por ponerse en la piel del compa&#x00F1;ero, mostrando as&#x00ED; cierta sinton&#x00ED;a emocional:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Al principio era un poco de ir con mucha&#x2026; mucho sentido y mucha l&#x00F3;gica y muy con todos los sentidos muy disponibles para ver c&#x00F3;mo respiraban los compa&#x00F1;eros e ir proponiendo cosas que estuviesen cercanas a lo que a ellos les gustaba, a sus puntos fuertes. Que fuesen ellos especialmente los que hicieran propuestas.</p>
<p>(Enara, departamento de orientaci&#x00F3;n).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>Esa apertura a la emoci&#x00F3;n del otro parece que facilitaba que pudiera darse el acompa&#x00F1;amiento en el proceso de cambio. Ese acompa&#x00F1;amiento a las familias sobretodo se relaciona con la idea de generar confianza. En palabras de una de las familias entrevistadas:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>nosotros estuvimos a punto de llevarla [a nuestra hija] a un colegio&#x2026; [de educaci&#x00F3;n especial], cuando tuvimos un diagn&#x00F3;stico. Y fue ah&#x00ED; cuando ya s&#x00ED; que nos reunimos con Cristian [el director] para tomar una decisi&#x00F3;n. (&#x2026;) Y entonces pues nos pidi&#x00F3; que confi&#x00E1;ramos en &#x00E9;l porque claro ten&#x00ED;amos serias dudas de qu&#x00E9; hacer, c&#x00F3;mo hacerlo y entonces pues confiamos en &#x00E9;l. &#x201C;Empecemos a trabajar en ello, empecemos a pedir personal de apoyo, empecemos a trabajar con Vaiana en ese sentido&#x201D; y, bueno, fue una decisi&#x00F3;n muy importante para nosotros, pero tambi&#x00E9;n muy importante para el colegio.</p>
<p>(Fausto, padre de alumna del centro educativo).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-30-27699-Esp">
<label>4.5.2.</label>
<title>Resistencias. &#x201C;Porque nosotros &#x00ED;bamos hacia un rumbo&#x201D;</title>
<p>Las reacciones negativas, reticentes o contrarias al proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n estuvieron presentes en la comunidad educativa. Como refleja la opini&#x00F3;n de un docente y que ha sido compartido por varios de los informantes:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>(Est&#x00E1;) el que traga, pero, bueno, tampoco sin mucho tal, hasta pasar al que te boicotea. Tambi&#x00E9;n hay gente que directamente no lo acepta, que va en contra del proyecto, que va a malmeter que va a intentar tal&#x2026; Pues como en todos sitios hay de todo, creo que la l&#x00ED;nea general es buena, o sea que la gran mayor&#x00ED;a, incluso gente ya con una cierta edad qu&#x00E9; dices: &#x201C; &#x00BF;c&#x00F3;mo a los 60 a&#x00F1;os te vas a poner aprender nuevas metodolog&#x00ED;as, a investigar y tal?&#x201D;, sin embargo, no, hay mucha gente bastante motivada con el proyecto.</p>
<p>(Coque, Educaci&#x00F3;n Infantil).</p>
<p>Se asum&#x00ED;a que eran naturales y que lo importante era acogerlas como tales.</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec-31-27699-Esp">
<label><bold>5.</bold></label>
<title><bold>D<sc>iscusi&#x00F3;n</sc></bold></title>
<p>El principal objetivo de esta investigaci&#x00F3;n ha sido comprender desde un enfoque <italic>emic</italic> el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n de un centro educativo con la intenci&#x00F3;n de desarrollar una educaci&#x00F3;n m&#x00E1;s inclusiva, tratando de comprender los motivos que llevaron a iniciar el proceso as&#x00ED; como las estrategias que se llevaron a cabo. La l&#x00F3;gica bajo la que pueden acogerse los hallazgos de esta investigaci&#x00F3;n responde a una l&#x00F3;gica de generalizaci&#x00F3;n propia de las metodolog&#x00ED;as cualitativas, esto es, naturalista.</p>
<p>Con relaci&#x00F3;n a los aspectos que llevaron a la ruptura con lo preestablecido, encontramos que la gram&#x00E1;tica escolar existente (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-60-27699-Esp">Tyack y Cuban, 2001</xref>) dej&#x00F3; de visibilizarse como inamovible para las personas de ese lugar y empez&#x00F3; a verse desde una nueva perspectiva cercana a la idea de <italic>puede y debe ser transformada por nosotros</italic>. Por ello mismo, se convirti&#x00F3; en algo inacabado, inconcluso, con un sentido similar al que recoge <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-26-27699-Esp">Freire (2009)</xref>, quien nos habla de las personas como seres inacabados, que tienen el poder de crear, recrear y decidir sobre el mundo dado, que pasar&#x00ED;a a no ser un mundo dado sino a ser creado conscientemente desde los actos de las propias personas. En esa creaci&#x00F3;n, las cuestiones &#x00E9;ticas cobran un valor prioritario porque de ellas depende en gran medida la respuesta al interrogante: &#x00BF;hacia d&#x00F3;nde dirigir los esfuerzos en la transformaci&#x00F3;n? Seg&#x00FA;n la <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-1-27699-Esp">Agencia Europea para las Necesidades Educativas Especiales y la Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva (2014</xref>, p. 6) &#x201C;la nueva generaci&#x00F3;n de maestros y profesionales de la educaci&#x00F3;n debe prepararse para ser maestros/instructores de todos los estudiantes; necesitan formaci&#x00F3;n no s&#x00F3;lo en t&#x00E9;rminos de competencias sino tambi&#x00E9;n en valores &#x00E9;ticos&#x201D;.</p>
<p>En este sentido, identificamos espec&#x00ED;ficamente el papel que pudieron desempe&#x00F1;ar dos personas concretas en los inicios de la transformaci&#x00F3;n, y que por ello se configuraron como agentes de cambio de gran importancia en sus inicios y para la sostenibilidad del proceso. Como tambi&#x00E9;n resaltan <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-16-27699-Esp">Ehrich y Carrington (2018)</xref>, lo agentes de cambio tienen fuertes convicciones &#x00E9;ticas para enfrentarse a los diferentes dilemas que conllevan estos procesos de transformaci&#x00F3;n con horizonte inclusivo. La existencia de personas que desempe&#x00F1;en este tipo de rol en los procesos de cambio ha sido puesta en valor en la literatura (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-7-27699-Esp">Bolivar <italic>et al</italic>., 2013</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-45-27699-Esp">Murillo y Krichesky, 2012</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-54-27699-Esp">Puig, 2012</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-38-27699-Esp">Marchesi y Mart&#x00ED;n, 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-51-27699-Esp">Parrilla <italic>et al</italic>., 2017</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-59-27699-Esp">Schlessinger, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-16-27699-Esp">Ehrich y Carrington, 2018</xref>). Seg&#x00FA;n sugieren <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Esp">Powell Edelstein y Blanck (2015)</xref> los procesos de transformaci&#x00F3;n requieren la presencia de <italic>agentes de cambio</italic>, quienes (1) est&#x00E1;n abiertos a nuevas soluciones para los viejos problemas, (2) tienen una comprensi&#x00F3;n profunda de los obst&#x00E1;culos para la transformaci&#x00F3;n y (3) tienen soluciones viables, el <italic>poder</italic> y los recursos necesarios para hacerlos cumplir. Enfatizamos la palabra <italic>poder</italic> porque, espec&#x00ED;ficamente en el caso de este centro educativo, quienes lideraron el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n tuvieron que adoptar tambi&#x00E9;n una posici&#x00F3;n de mayor autoridad formal. Pero &#x00BF;qu&#x00E9; les llev&#x00F3; a estos l&#x00ED;deres a cuestionarse lo establecido?</p>
    <p>Se erigieron como agentes de transformaci&#x00F3;n desde lo que podr&#x00ED;amos definir como una <italic>problematizaci&#x00F3;n del presente</italic>. Esta capacidad es identificada por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Esp">Koorsgard (2018)</xref> retomando la conceptualizaci&#x00F3;n de Hannah Arendt como &#x201C;pensar sin barandilla&#x201D;, y supone la oportunidad de mirar con ojos nuevos el presente. La actitud cuestionadora ante lo existente ha sido identificada en los lugares en los que se han desarrollado procesos de transformaci&#x00F3;n (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-12-27699-Esp">Bunch, 2008</xref>). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-16-27699-Esp">Ehrich y Carrington (2018)</xref> retoman la expresi&#x00F3;n <italic>imaginaci&#x00F3;n moral</italic> de <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-68-27699-Esp">Blumberg y Greenfield (1986)</xref> para referirse a la capacidad de las personas para ver la distancia entre c&#x00F3;mo son las cosas y c&#x00F3;mo podr&#x00ED;an ser. Se&#x00F1;alan que esta capacidad invita a la persona a actuar sobre la realidad teniendo como horizonte esas posibilidades imaginadas y desde su acci&#x00F3;n poder transformar el presente.</p>
<p>Esta actitud cuestionadora, que puede contribuir a problematizar el presente y animar a la persona a situarse como agente de transformaci&#x00F3;n, se relaciona tambi&#x00E9;n con la <italic>presencia &#x00E9;tica</italic> de las personas en el mundo, cuesti&#x00F3;n inicial a la que alud&#x00ED;amos ante la visi&#x00F3;n de la realidad como inacabada. La pr&#x00E1;ctica docente como una pr&#x00E1;ctica &#x00E9;tica ha sido identificada como tal por muchos autores procedentes de diversas corrientes te&#x00F3;ricas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-17-27699-Esp">Echeita 2013</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-9-27699-Esp">Booth y Ainscow, 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-3-27699-Esp">Arteaga-Mart&#x00ED;nez y Garc&#x00ED;a, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-16-27699-Esp">Ehrich y Carrington, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-26-27699-Esp">Freire, 2009</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-20-27699-Esp">Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Batanero, 2013</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-66-27699-Esp">V&#x00E1;zquez y Esc&#x00E1;mez, 2010</xref>). Bajo nuestra perspectiva, los aspectos &#x00E9;ticos deben ser centrales en el camino hacia una educaci&#x00F3;n m&#x00E1;s inclusiva y los resultados de este estudio dan fuerza a este convencimiento. La posibilidad de cuestionarse lo establecido se gener&#x00F3; gracias a varios mecanismos en forma de vivencias concretas. Las describimos seguidamente.</p>
<p>Reconocer el valor que pueden tener estas experiencias espec&#x00ED;ficas puede contribuir a comprender cuestiones que pueden configurarse como impulso en las transformaciones o como mecanismos para erosionar los procesos reproductivos en las instituciones (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Esp">Powell <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>). As&#x00ED;, identificamos la conexi&#x00F3;n con el alumnado como un aspecto central. Conectarse con la experiencia espec&#x00ED;fica que pod&#x00ED;a vivir el alumnado considerado con necesidades educativas especiales, los llev&#x00F3; a cuestionarse su pr&#x00E1;ctica. Fue su mirada y empat&#x00ED;a hacia ellos como <italic>personas singulares</italic> cuando esto se hizo posible. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-32-27699-Esp">Hart y Drummond (2004)</xref> emplean el t&#x00E9;rmino &#x201C;transformabilidad&#x201D; para referirse a la articulaci&#x00F3;n de concepciones que lleva al profesorado a sentirse capaz de mejorar el aprendizaje del alumnado y sus futuros desarrollos.</p>
    <p>La necesidad de enfatizar el valor de cada alumno desde su singularidad ha sido identificada como necesario para el desarrollo de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-19-27699-Esp">Echeita, <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-49-27699-Esp">Norwich, 2009</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-24-27699-Esp">Florian, 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-43-27699-Esp">Mu&#x00F1;oz y Porter, 2018</xref>). Espec&#x00ED;ficamente el alumnado considerado con necesidades educativas especiales se configur&#x00F3; como el posibilitador de parte de estas oportunidades. El aumento de la heterogeneidad del alumnado en las aulas, la decisi&#x00F3;n por pol&#x00ED;tica de centro de que el apoyo educativo se realizaba dentro del aula, pudieron contribuir a la creaci&#x00F3;n de ciertas experiencias nuevas en la pr&#x00E1;ctica profesional a las que deb&#x00ED;an dar respuesta. Fue la inmersi&#x00F3;n en la &#x201C;complejidad de la experiencia&#x201D; al igual que identificaron en su estudio <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-47-27699-Esp">Naraian y Schlessinger (2017)</xref> la que permiti&#x00F3; transformar. Esta situaci&#x00F3;n, puede tambi&#x00E9;n analizarse desde las palabras de <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-18-27699-Esp">Echeita (2014</xref>, p. 51): &#x201C;&#x00BF;Y por qu&#x00E9; la diversidad bien aceptada <italic>puede</italic> producir tales efectos positivos? Porque la diversidad genera <italic>incertidumbre</italic> y <italic>desaf&#x00ED;o</italic>, y ambos son requisitos imprescindibles para la innovaci&#x00F3;n y la creatividad (&#x2026;); son la condici&#x00F3;n para la excelencia&#x201D; (&#x00E9;nfasis del autor). Y se&#x00F1;ala, retomando a <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-69-27699-Esp">Skrtic (1991)</xref>, que un adecuado enfoque respecto a la atenci&#x00F3;n a la diversidad puede ser una gran oportunidad para aunar excelencia y equidad.</p>
<p>En el caso de estos profesionales, el v&#x00ED;nculo con el alumnado como persona singular les sirvi&#x00F3; para tomar conciencia del <italic>desajuste de sus pr&#x00E1;cticas</italic> con lo que podr&#x00ED;a suponer el desarrollo de una educaci&#x00F3;n transformadora. En la literatura identificamos diferentes conceptos o formulaciones que, con sus matices, nos remiten de fondo a cuestiones similares a las que remiten experiencias que permiten el cuestionamiento de lo dado. Son construcciones te&#x00F3;ricas que sirven para nombrar sucesos que se configuran como mecanismos que pueden contribuir a la reflexi&#x00F3;n y a la transformaci&#x00F3;n. Estas experiencias tienen valor por la posibilidad de que movilicen el cuestionamiento de la realidad, la creatividad y la acci&#x00F3;n y que pueden llevar a transformar lo existente (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-41-27699-Esp">Messiou y Ainscow, 2020</xref>).</p>
    <p>En este sentido, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-56-27699-Esp">Sch&#x00F6;n (1992)</xref> usa el t&#x00E9;rmino &#x201C;zonas indeterminadas de la pr&#x00E1;ctica&#x201D; para nombrar sucesos de la experiencia que no se pueden responder con el conocimiento que la persona tiene y generan la necesidad de encontrar nuevas maneras para poder abordarlos. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-13-27699-Esp">Cole y Engestr&#x00F6;m (2001)</xref> desde su ampliaci&#x00F3;n de la teor&#x00ED;a de la actividad, le dan una importancia central al elemento de las &#x201C;contradicciones&#x201D; en el sistema de actividad de las personas o grupos y que requieren de la nueva reconfiguraci&#x00F3;n del sistema para poder encontrar de nuevo el equilibrio, es decir, la respuesta considerada apropiada desde la actividad. Espec&#x00ED;ficamente en el &#x00E1;mbito de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-2-27699-Esp">Ainscow (2004)</xref> nos habla de &#x201C;interrupciones&#x201D; e identifica, retomando a <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-70-27699-Esp">Senge (1989)</xref>, que estas interrupciones pueden hacer de <italic>palancas</italic> para cambiar el comportamiento de una organizaci&#x00F3;n. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-55-27699-Esp">Sapon-Shevin (2013)</xref> espec&#x00ED;ficamente menciona al alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales como &#x201C;pastilla reveladora&#x201D; que cubre esta funci&#x00F3;n.</p>
<p>Es la toma de conciencia de la propia experiencia desde la vinculaci&#x00F3;n con la experiencia del alumnado lo que parece que se pudo constituir como uno de los mecanismos para problematizar lo dado y comenzar la transformaci&#x00F3;n: se sintieron responsables de la vida escolar de determinados alumnos a quienes no respond&#x00ED;an educativamente como entend&#x00ED;an que deb&#x00ED;an hacerlo, situando la pr&#x00E1;ctica profesional en una l&#x00F3;gica relacional, desde donde el cuidado hacia el alumno se configura como algo valioso. Esta mirada puede partir de situar la propia pr&#x00E1;ctica educativa como pr&#x00E1;ctica reflexiva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-10-27699-Esp">Brady, 2020</xref>) pero tambi&#x00E9;n <italic>relacional</italic>, desde la que los valores del cuidado, el inter&#x00E9;s genuino por el alumnado y el amor, son centrales (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-30-27699-Esp">Gergen, 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-52-27699-Esp">Pennac, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-66-27699-Esp">V&#x00E1;zquez y Esc&#x00E1;mez, 2010</xref> y <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-65-27699-Esp">V&#x00E1;zquez, 2009</xref>). Adem&#x00E1;s del v&#x00ED;nculo con el alumnado, otra de las experiencias que pudieron suponer la oportunidad de problematizar el presente fueron el conocer alternativas de actuaci&#x00F3;n, sentir que la transformaci&#x00F3;n es posible desde conocer experiencias transformadoras en otros contextos.</p>
<p>Con respecto al v&#x00ED;nculo de las pr&#x00E1;cticas del centro y su ideario o proyecto educativo, visibilizar la incoherencia, parece que no fue lo que inicialmente los llev&#x00F3; a cuestionarse lo dado y a situarse como agentes de transformaci&#x00F3;n; m&#x00E1;s bien les permiti&#x00F3; establecer el horizonte a seguir. Esto creemos que tiene gran valor, pues de la experiencia de este centro educativo podemos aprender que fueron las experiencias concretas vividas, que hemos descrito m&#x00E1;s detalladamente en los resultados (conectarse con el alumnado, conocer experiencias transformadoras), desde donde surgieron determinadas configuraciones o mecanismos que despertaron la necesidad de transformar (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Esp">Powell, <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-31-27699-Esp">G&#x00F6;ransson y Nilholm, 2014</xref>). A pesar de ello, s&#x00ED; que supuso el horizonte hacia el que dirigir las acciones, en distintos niveles, y se constituy&#x00F3; como herramienta para apelar a la necesidad de cambio desde la generaci&#x00F3;n de procesos reflexivos en la propia comunidad educativa confrontados con &#x00E9;l. Esto es similar al papel que puede desempe&#x00F1;ar la consideraci&#x00F3;n de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva como un derecho humano (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-63-27699-Esp">UN, 2006</xref>): tiene fuerza jur&#x00ED;dica y moral (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-4-27699-Esp">As&#x00ED;s <italic>et al</italic>., 2007</xref>) pero por si sola es insuficiente para su concreci&#x00F3;n en las acciones justas a ese derecho.</p>
<p>En el centro estudiado se ha identificado el valor que ha tenido la transformaci&#x00F3;n del liderazgo. En la transformaci&#x00F3;n de la estructura y la organizaci&#x00F3;n tuvo un papel fundamental el cambio en el liderazgo. Hemos identificado varias pr&#x00E1;cticas en el liderazgo del centro educativo y que encuentran su relaci&#x00F3;n con propuestas previas, como el desarrollo de un liderazgo m&#x00E1;s pedag&#x00F3;gico (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-44-27699-Esp">Murillo 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-46-27699-Esp">Murillo, <italic>et al</italic>., 2010</xref>). La intenci&#x00F3;n de los l&#x00ED;deres de <italic>conectar la transformaci&#x00F3;n a la experiencia del equipo</italic> de profesionales del centro fue tambi&#x00E9;n fundamental. En este sentido, y como hemos se&#x00F1;alado previamente, la inclusi&#x00F3;n de alumnado que previamente hab&#x00ED;a estado excluido del sistema les permiti&#x00F3; situarse ante un nuevo escenario educativo que les demandada una transformaci&#x00F3;n en su pr&#x00E1;ctica pedag&#x00F3;gica. Ah&#x00ED; entonces cobraban sentido los procesos formativos que se impulsaban desde el centro educativo, que permit&#x00ED;an encontrar respuestas a las necesidades percibidas por el equipo docente (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-47-27699-Esp">Naraian y Schlessinger, 2017</xref>). Y, por &#x00FA;ltimo, situarse al lado de las personas, es decir, <italic>acompa&#x00F1;ar</italic>. Es reconocido el valor de atender a la dimensi&#x00F3;n emocional en los procesos de transformaci&#x00F3;n escolar, ya que demandan gran esfuerzo a las personas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-27-27699-Esp">Fullan, 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-37-27699-Esp">Mart&#x00ED;n y Cervi, 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-45-27699-Esp">Murillo y Krichesky, 2012</xref>) lo que hace imprescindible la tarea de tratar de devolver cierta seguridad y confianza al profesorado, ante la complejidad e incertidumbre de los desaf&#x00ED;os que les plantea el desarrollo de una educaci&#x00F3;n m&#x00E1;s inclusiva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-24-27699-Esp">Florian 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-20-27699-Esp">Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Batanero, 2013</xref>). Estos desaf&#x00ED;os, ser&#x00E1;n tambi&#x00E9;n la recompensa moral que les sostendr&#x00E1; en la tarea. En este sentido, terminamos con las palabras de <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-8-27699-Esp">Booth (2006)</xref> que condensa parte de este sentir:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Cuando se ven frustrados nuestros esfuerzos por realizar cambios de acuerdo con nuestros valores, la acci&#x00F3;n con principios es nuestra propia recompensa y, de esa forma, la laboriosa tarea de poner en relaci&#x00F3;n los valores de la inclusi&#x00F3;n con las acciones, mantiene vivo un recurso para actuar de forma diferente (p. 217).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusion" id="sec-32-27699-Esp">
<label><bold>6.</bold></label>
<title><bold>C<sc>onclusiones</sc></bold></title>
<p>A modo de cierre indicamos cinco ideas principales que condensan algunas de las lecciones aprendidas a partir de la experiencia de la comunidad educativa y que hemos analizado en esta investigaci&#x00F3;n:</p>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>&#x00BF;C&#x00F3;mo empezar con la transformaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva? Es importante partir de la idea de que la realidad <italic>puede</italic> transformarse, interiorizar y asumir desde las comunidades educativas esta idea es paso importante para iniciar el cambio.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>&#x00BF;Bajo qu&#x00E9; mirada hacia la realidad? Es valioso problematizar el presente, complejizar y cuestionarse la realidad existente e identificar los aspectos que deben ser transformados confrontando con el horizonte inclusivo, donde cobran fuerza especial las cuestiones &#x00E9;ticas.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>&#x00BF;C&#x00F3;mo empezar? Para promover esta mirada cuestionadora y transformadora hacia la realidad, resulta valioso conectar con el alumnado, como persona singular, as&#x00ED; como conocer experiencias transformadoras que han sucedido en otros lugares que nos permitan ver que otra realidad es posible y nos pueden servir de apoyo.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>&#x00BF;Qui&#x00E9;nes empiezan la transformaci&#x00F3;n? Tiene especial valor que los profesionales se identifiquen a s&#x00ED; mismos como agentes de cambio, con capacidad de agencia y transformaci&#x00F3;n.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>&#x00BF;C&#x00F3;mo hacerlo posible? El liderazgo tiene un papel fundamental para crear las condiciones que posibiliten el inicio y la sostenibilidad del proceso.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1"><label>1.</label> <p>Este art&#x00ED;culo se realiza con apoyo del Proyecto financiado por el Programa Estatal de Investigaci&#x00F3;n, Desarrollo e Innovaci&#x00F3;n Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad. Ministerio de Econom&#x00ED;a, Industria y Competitividad con referencia EDU 2017-86739-R y de un contrato predoctoral para la Formaci&#x00F3;n del Personal Investigador de la Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2"><label>2.</label> <p>Esta investigaci&#x00F3;n se enmarca en una tesis doctoral que ha tenido como objetivos conocer tambi&#x00E9;n los resultados de ese proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n vivido en la comunidad educativa.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<ref-list>
<title><bold>R<sc>eferencias bibliogr&#x00E1;ficas</sc></bold></title>
<ref id="ref-1-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Agencia Europea para las Necesidades Educativas Especiales y la Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva</collab></person-group> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Cinco mensajes clave para la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</italic></source> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/344VXO9">https://bit.ly/344VXO9</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Agencia Europea para las Necesidades Educativas Especiales y la Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva (2014). <italic>Cinco mensajes clave para la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</italic>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/344VXO9">https://bit.ly/344VXO9</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-2-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ainscow</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2004</year> <article-title>El desarrollo de sistemas educativos inclusivos: &#x00BF;Cu&#x00E1;les son las palancas de cambio?</article-title> <source><italic>Journal of Educational Change</italic></source> <volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue> <fpage>1</fpage><lpage>20</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Ainscow, M. (2004). El desarrollo de sistemas educativos inclusivos: &#x00BF;Cu&#x00E1;les son las palancas de cambio? <italic>Journal of Educational Change, 5</italic>(4), 1-20.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-3-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Arteaga-Mart&#x00ED;nez</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Garc&#x00ED;a</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2008</year> <article-title>La formaci&#x00F3;n de competencias docentes para incorporar estrategias adaptativas en el aula</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Complutense de Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>253</fpage><lpage>274</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3sbGAv9">https://bit.ly/3sbGAv9</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Arteaga-Mart&#x00ED;nez, B., y Garc&#x00ED;a, M. (2008). La formaci&#x00F3;n de competencias docentes para incorporar estrategias adaptativas en el aula. <italic>Revista Complutense de Educaci&#x00F3;n, 19</italic>(2), 253-274. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3sbGAv9">https://bit.ly/3sbGAv9</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-5-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Artiles</surname> <given-names>A. J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Kozleski</surname> <given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2016</year> <article-title>Inclusive education&#x2019;s promises and trajectories: Critical notes about future research on a venerable idea</article-title> <source><italic>Education Policy Analysis Archives</italic></source> <volume>24</volume><issue>43</issue> <fpage>1</fpage><lpage>29</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919">https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Artiles, A. J., y Kozleski, E. B. (2016). Inclusive education&#x2019;s promises and trajectories: Critical notes about future research on a venerable idea. <italic>Education Policy Analysis Archives, 24</italic>(43), 1-29. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919">https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-4-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>As&#x00ED;s</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Campoy</surname> <given-names>I.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Bengoechea</surname> <given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2007</year> <chapter-title>Derecho a la igualdad y a la diferencia an&#x00E1;lisis de los principios de no discriminaci&#x00F3;n, diversidad y acci&#x00F3;n positiva</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Lorenzo</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name> <name><surname>P&#x00E9;rez</surname> <given-names>L. C.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Eds.</role> <source><italic>Tratado sobre Discapacidad</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>115</fpage><lpage>141</lpage> <publisher-name>Aranzadi/Thompson</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>As&#x00ED;s, R., Campoy, I., y Bengoechea, M. A. (2007). Derecho a la igualdad y a la diferencia an&#x00E1;lisis de los principios de no discriminaci&#x00F3;n, diversidad y acci&#x00F3;n positiva. En R. Lorenzo y L. C. P&#x00E9;rez (Eds.), <italic>Tratado sobre Discapacidad</italic> (pp. 115-141). Aranzadi/Thompson.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-6-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barbour</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <source><italic>Los grupos de discusi&#x00F3;n en Investigaci&#x00F3;n Cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Morata</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Barbour, R. (2013). <italic>Los grupos de discusi&#x00F3;n en Investigaci&#x00F3;n Cualitativa</italic>. Morata.</mixed-citation></ref>
    <ref id="ref-68-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Blumberg</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Greenfield</surname> <given-names>W.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>1986</year> <source><italic>The effective principal perspectives on school leadership</italic></source> <comment>2nd Edition</comment> <publisher-name>Allyn and Bacon</publisher-name></element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>Blumberg, A., y Greenfield, W. (1986). <italic>The effective principal perspectives on school leadership</italic> (2nd Edition). Allyn and Bacon.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-7-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bol&#x00ED;var</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>L&#x00F3;pez</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Murillo</surname> <given-names>F. J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <article-title>Liderazgo en las instituciones educativas. Una revisi&#x00F3;n de l&#x00ED;neas de investigaci&#x00F3;n</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Fuentes</italic></source> <volume>14</volume> <fpage>15</fpage><lpage>60</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ARCdtb">https://bit.ly/3ARCdtb</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Bol&#x00ED;var, A., L&#x00F3;pez, J., y Murillo, F. J. (2013). Liderazgo en las instituciones educativas. Una revisi&#x00F3;n de l&#x00ED;neas de investigaci&#x00F3;n. <italic>Revista Fuentes, 14</italic>, 15-60. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ARCdtb">https://bit.ly/3ARCdtb</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-8-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Booth</surname> <given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <chapter-title>Manteniendo el futuro con vida; convirtiendo los valores de la inclusi&#x00F3;n en acciones</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Verdugo</surname> <given-names>M. A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Jord&#x00E1;n de Urr&#x00ED;es</surname> <given-names>F. B.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <source><italic>Rompiendo inercias. Claves para avanzar. VI Jornadas Cient&#x00ED;ficas de Investigaci&#x00F3;n sobre Personas con Discapacidad</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>211</fpage><lpage>217</lpage> <publisher-name>Amar&#x00FA;</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Booth, T. (2006). Manteniendo el futuro con vida; convirtiendo los valores de la inclusi&#x00F3;n en acciones. En M. A. Verdugo, y F. B. Jord&#x00E1;n de Urr&#x00ED;es (Coords.), <italic>Rompiendo inercias. Claves para avanzar. VI Jornadas Cient&#x00ED;ficas de Investigaci&#x00F3;n sobre Personas con Discapacidad</italic> (pp. 211-217). Amar&#x00FA;.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-9-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Booth</surname> <given-names>T.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Ainscow</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2015</year> <source><italic>Gu&#x00ED;a para la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva. Desarrollando el aprendizaje y la participaci&#x00F3;n en los centros escolares</italic></source> <edition>3.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Grafilia</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Booth, T. y Ainscow, M. (2015). <italic>Gu&#x00ED;a para la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva. Desarrollando el aprendizaje y la participaci&#x00F3;n en los centros escolares</italic>. (3.&#x00AA; ed.). Grafilia.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-10-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Brady</surname> <given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2020</year> <article-title>Del docente reflexivo al docente post-personal</article-title> <source><italic>Teor&#x00ED;a de la Educaci&#x00F3;n. Revista Interuniversitaria</italic></source> <volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>55</fpage><lpage>71</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.21438">https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.21438</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Brady, A. M. (2020). Del docente reflexivo al docente post-personal. <italic>Teor&#x00ED;a de la Educaci&#x00F3;n. Revista Interuniversitaria, 32</italic>(1), 55-71. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.21438">https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.21438</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-11-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Braun</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Clarke</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <article-title>Using thematic analysis in psychology</article-title> <source><italic>Qualitative Research in Psychology</italic></source> <volume>3</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>77</fpage><lpage>101</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa">https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Braun, V., y Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. <italic>Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3</italic>(2) 77-101. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa">https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-12-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bunch</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2008</year> <article-title>Claves para una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva exitosa. Una mirada desde la experiencia pr&#x00E1;ctica</article-title> <source><italic>Revista de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva</italic></source> <volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>77</fpage><lpage>89</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3L4T2FK">https://bit.ly/3L4T2FK</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Bunch, G. (2008). Claves para una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva exitosa. Una mirada desde la experiencia pr&#x00E1;ctica. <italic>Revista de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva, 1</italic>(1), 77-89. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3L4T2FK">https://bit.ly/3L4T2FK</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-13-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cole</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Engestr&#x00F6;m</surname> <given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2001</year> <chapter-title>Enfoque hist&#x00F3;rico-cultural de la cognici&#x00F3;n distribuida</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Salomon</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Ed.</role> <source><italic>Cogniciones distribuidas. Consideraciones psicol&#x00F3;gicas y educativas</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>23</fpage> <lpage>73</lpage> <publisher-name>Amorrortu</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Cole, M. y Engestr&#x00F6;m, Y. (2001). Enfoque hist&#x00F3;rico-cultural de la cognici&#x00F3;n distribuida. En G. Salomon (Ed.), <italic>Cogniciones distribuidas. Consideraciones psicol&#x00F3;gicas y educativas</italic> (pp. 23-73). Amorrortu.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-14-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Creswell</surname> <given-names>J. W.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <source><italic>Qualitative inquiry and research design. choosing among five approaches</italic></source> <edition>3.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Creswell, J. W. (2013). <italic>Qualitative inquiry and research design. choosing among five approaches</italic> (3.&#x00AA; ed.). Sage.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-15-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denzin</surname> <given-names>N. K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Lincoln</surname> <given-names>Y. S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2012</year> <chapter-title>Introducci&#x00F3;n general. La investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa como disciplina y como pr&#x00E1;ctica</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denzin</surname> <given-names>N. K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Lincoln</surname> <given-names>Y. S.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <source><italic>Manual de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. El campo de la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <volume>vol. 1</volume> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>43</fpage><lpage>102</lpage> <publisher-name>Gedisa</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Denzin, N. K., y Lincoln, Y. S. (2012). Introducci&#x00F3;n general. La investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa como disciplina y como pr&#x00E1;ctica. En N. K. Denzin e Y. S. Lincoln (Coords.), <italic>Manual de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. El campo de la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa (vol. 1)</italic> (pp. 43-102). Gedisa.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-17-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Echeita</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <article-title>Inclusi&#x00F3;n y exclusi&#x00F3;n educativa. De nuevo &#x201C;Voz y quebranto&#x201D;</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>99</fpage><lpage>118</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Echeita, G. (2013). Inclusi&#x00F3;n y exclusi&#x00F3;n educativa. De nuevo &#x201C;Voz y quebranto&#x201D;. <italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n, 11</italic>(2), 99-118.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-18-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Echeita</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Educaci&#x00F3;n para la inclusi&#x00F3;n o educaci&#x00F3;n sin exclusiones</italic></source> <publisher-name>Narcea</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Echeita, G. (2014). <italic>Educaci&#x00F3;n para la inclusi&#x00F3;n o educaci&#x00F3;n sin exclusiones</italic>. Narcea.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-19-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Echeita</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Mu&#x00F1;oz</surname> <given-names>Y.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Sandoval Mena</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Sim&#x00F3;n Rueda</surname> <given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <article-title>Reflexionando en voz alta sobre el sentido y algunos saberes proporcionados por la investigaci&#x00F3;n en el &#x00E1;mbito de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Latinoamericana de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva</italic></source> <volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>25</fpage><lpage>48</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Echeita, G., Mu&#x00F1;oz, Y., Sandoval Mena, M., y Sim&#x00F3;n Rueda, C. (2014). Reflexionando en voz alta sobre el sentido y algunos saberes proporcionados por la investigaci&#x00F3;n en el &#x00E1;mbito de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva. <italic>Revista Latinoamericana de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva, 8</italic>(2), 25-48.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-16-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ehrich</surname> <given-names>L. C.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Carrington</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year> <chapter-title>Making sense of ethical leadership</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Harris</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Carrington</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Ainscow</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Eds.</role> <source><italic>Promoting equity in schools. Collaboration, Inquire and Ethical Leadership</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>30</fpage><lpage>44</lpage> <publisher-name>Routledge</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105659-8">https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105659-8</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Ehrich, L. C., y Carrington, S. (2018). Making sense of ethical leadership. En J. Harris, S. Carrington y M. Ainscow (Eds.), <italic>Promoting equity in schools. Collaboration, Inquire and Ethical Leadership</italic> (pp. 30-44). Routledge. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105659-8">https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105659-8</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-20-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Batanero</surname> <given-names>J. M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <article-title>Competencias docentes y educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica de Investigaci&#x00F3;n Educativa</italic></source> <volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>82</fpage><lpage>99</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3upvrto">https://bit.ly/3upvrto</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Batanero, J. M. (2013). Competencias docentes y educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva. <italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica de Investigaci&#x00F3;n Educativa, 15</italic>(2), 82-99. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3upvrto">https://bit.ly/3upvrto</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-21-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fern&#x00E1;ndez Bl&#x00E1;zquez</surname> <given-names>M. L.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Echeita Sarrionandia</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year> <article-title>Un departamento de Orientaci&#x00F3;n singular en un Centro Educativo que tiene la colaboraci&#x00F3;n como se&#x00F1;a de identidad</article-title> <source><italic>Profesorado: Revista de Curriculum y Formaci&#x00F3;n del Profesorado</italic></source> <volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>161</fpage><lpage>183</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Fern&#x00E1;ndez Bl&#x00E1;zquez, M. L. y Echeita Sarrionandia, G. (2018). Un departamento de Orientaci&#x00F3;n singular en un Centro Educativo que tiene la colaboraci&#x00F3;n como se&#x00F1;a de identidad. <italic>Profesorado: Revista de Curriculum y Formaci&#x00F3;n del Profesorado, 22</italic>(2), 161-183.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-22-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Flick</surname> <given-names>U.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2015</year> <source><italic>El dise&#x00F1;o de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Morata</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Flick, U. (2015). <italic>El dise&#x00F1;o de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic>. Morata.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-23-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Flick</surname> <given-names>U.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <source><italic>The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis</italic></source> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Flick, U. (2013). <italic>The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis</italic>. Sage. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-24-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Florian</surname> <given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <chapter-title>Reimagining Special Education: Why New Approaches are Needed</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Florian</surname> <given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Ed.</role> <source><italic>The SAGE Handbook of Special Education</italic></source> <volume>vol. 1</volume> <edition>2.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>9</fpage><lpage>23</lpage> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n3">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n3</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Florian, L. (2014). Reimagining Special Education: Why New Approaches are Needed. En L. Florian (Ed.), <italic>The SAGE Handbook of Special Education (vol. 1)</italic>. (2.&#x00AA; ed.) (pp. 9-23). Sage. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n3">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n3</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-26-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Freire</surname> <given-names>P.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <source><italic>Pedagog&#x00ED;a de la autonom&#x00ED;a</italic></source> <edition>11.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Siglo XXI</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Freire, P. (2009). <italic>Pedagog&#x00ED;a de la autonom&#x00ED;a</italic> (11.&#x00AA; ed.). Siglo XXI.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-25-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Friese</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2019</year> <source><italic>Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS. ti</italic></source> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Friese, S. (2019). <italic>Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS. ti</italic>. Sage.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-27-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fullan</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2002</year> <source><italic>Los nuevos significados del cambio en educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <publisher-name>Octaedro</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Fullan, M. (2002). <italic>Los nuevos significados del cambio en educaci&#x00F3;n</italic>. Octaedro.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-29-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gehrig</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Palacios</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Gu&#x00ED;a de criterios b&#x00E1;sicos de calidad en la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Servicio de publicaciones UCAM</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Gehrig, R., y Palacios, J. (Coords.). (2014). <italic>Gu&#x00ED;a de criterios b&#x00E1;sicos de calidad en la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic>. Servicio de publicaciones UCAM.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-30-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gergen</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2015</year> <source><italic>El ser relacional. M&#x00E1;s all&#x00E1; del Yo y de la Comunidad</italic></source> <publisher-name>Descl&#x00E9;e de Brouwer</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Gergen, K. (2015). <italic>El ser relacional. M&#x00E1;s all&#x00E1; del Yo y de la Comunidad</italic>. Descl&#x00E9;e de Brouwer.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-28-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gibbs</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2012</year> <source><italic>El an&#x00E1;lisis de datos en investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Morata</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Gibbs, G. (2012). <italic>El an&#x00E1;lisis de datos en investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic>. Morata.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-31-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>G&#x00F6;ransson</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Nilholm</surname> <given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <article-title>Conceptual diversities and empirical shortcomings- a critical analysis of research on inclusive education</article-title> <source><italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education</italic></source> <volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>265</fpage><lpage>280</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933545">https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933545</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>G&#x00F6;ransson, K., y Nilholm C. (2014). Conceptual diversities and empirical shortcomings- a critical analysis of research on inclusive education. <italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education, 29</italic>(3), 265-280. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933545">https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933545</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-33-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hakala</surname> <given-names>J. T.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Leivo</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year> <article-title>Tensions in the New Millennium: Inclusion Ideology and Education Policy in the Finnish Comprehensive School</article-title> <source><italic>Journal of Education and Learning</italic></source> <volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>287</fpage><lpage>298</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p287">https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p287</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Hakala, J. T., y Leivo, M. (2017). Tensions in the New Millennium: Inclusion Ideology and Education Policy in the Finnish Comprehensive School. <italic>Journal of Education and Learning, 6</italic>(3), 287-298. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p287">https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p287</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-32-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hart</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Drummond</surname> <given-names>M. J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <chapter-title>Learning Without Limits: Constructing a Pedagogy Free from Determinist Beliefs about Ability</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Florian</surname> <given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Ed.</role> <source><italic>The SAGE Handbook of Special Education</italic></source> <edition>2.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>439</fpage><lpage>458</lpage> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n28">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n28</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Hart, S., y Drummond, M. J. (2014). Learning Without Limits: Constructing a Pedagogy Free from Determinist Beliefs about Ability. En L. Florian (Ed.), <italic>The SAGE Handbook of Special Education</italic>. (2.&#x00AA; ed.) (pp. 439-458). Sage. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n28">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n28</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-34-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Korsgaard</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Larsen</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Wiberg</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year> <article-title>Thinking and researching inclusive education without a banister-visiting, listening and tact as a foundation for collective research on inclusive education</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue> <fpage>496</fpage><lpage>512</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1469680">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1469680</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Korsgaard, M., Larsen, V., y Wiberg, M. (2018). Thinking and researching inclusive education without a banister-visiting, listening and tact as a foundation for collective research on inclusive education. <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24</italic>(5), 496-512, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1469680">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1469680</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-35-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kvale</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2011</year> <source><italic>Las entrevistas en Investigaci&#x00F3;n Cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Morata</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Kvale, S. (2011). <italic>Las entrevistas en Investigaci&#x00F3;n Cualitativa</italic>. Morata.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-37-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;n</surname> <given-names>E.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Cervi</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <chapter-title>Modelos de formaci&#x00F3;n docente para el cambio de concepciones en los profesores</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scheuer</surname> <given-names>N.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Pozo</surname> <given-names>J. I.</given-names></name> <name><surname>del P&#x00E9;rez Echeverr&#x00ED;a</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Mateos</surname> <given-names>M. M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;n</surname> <given-names>E.</given-names></name> <name><surname>de la Cruz</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <source><italic>Nuevas formas de pensar el aprendizaje y la ense&#x00F1;anza. Concepciones de profesores y alumnos</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>420</fpage><lpage>434</lpage> <publisher-name>Gra&#x00F3;</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Mart&#x00ED;n, E., y Cervi. J. (2006). Modelos de formaci&#x00F3;n docente para el cambio de concepciones en los profesores. En N. Scheuer, J. I. Pozo, M. del P&#x00E9;rez Echeverr&#x00ED;a, M. M. Mateos, E. Mart&#x00ED;n y M. de la Cruz (Coords.), <italic>Nuevas formas de pensar el aprendizaje y la ense&#x00F1;anza. Concepciones de profesores y alumnos</italic> (pp. 420-434). Gra&#x00F3;.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-38-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;n</surname> <given-names>E.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Marchesi</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Calidad de la ense&#x00F1;anza en tiempos de crisis</italic></source> <publisher-name>Alianza</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Mart&#x00ED;n, E. y Marchesi, A. (2014). <italic>Calidad de la ense&#x00F1;anza en tiempos de crisis</italic>. Alianza.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-36-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;nez</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <article-title>La investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa (s&#x00ED;ntesis conceptual)</article-title> <source><italic>Revista de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Psicolog&#x00ED;a</italic></source> <volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>123</fpage><lpage>146</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Mart&#x00ED;nez, M. (2006). La investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa (s&#x00ED;ntesis conceptual). <italic>Revista de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Psicolog&#x00ED;a, 9</italic>(1), 123-146.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-40-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Messiou</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2016</year> <article-title>Research in the field of inclusive education: time for a rethink?</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>146</fpage><lpage>159</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1223184/">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1223184/</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Messiou, K. (2016). Research in the field of inclusive education: time for a rethink? <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 21</italic>(2), 146-159. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1223184/">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1223184/</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-41-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Messiou</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Ainscow</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2020</year> <article-title>Inclusive Inquiry: student-teacher dialogue as a means of promoting inclusion in schools</article-title> <source><italic>British Educational Research Journal</italic></source> <volume>46</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>670</fpage><lpage>687</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602">https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Messiou, K., y Ainscow, M. (2020). Inclusive Inquiry: student-teacher dialogue as a means of promoting inclusion in schools. <italic>British Educational Research Journal, 46</italic>(3), 670-687. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602">https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-39-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Miles</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Huberman</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Salda&#x00F1;a</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Qualitative data analysis. A methods Sourcebook</italic></source> <edition>3.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>SAGE</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Miles, M., Huberman, M., y Salda&#x00F1;a, J. (2014). <italic>Qualitative data analysis. A methods Sourcebook</italic>. (3.&#x00AA; ed.). SAGE.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-42-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Morin</surname> <given-names>E.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <source><italic>La mente bien ordenada: repensar la reforma, reformar el pensamiento</italic></source> <edition>6.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Seix Barral</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Morin, E. (2006). <italic>La mente bien ordenada: repensar la reforma, reformar el pensamiento</italic>. (6.&#x00AA; ed.). Seix Barral.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-43-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mu&#x00F1;oz</surname> <given-names>Y.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Porter</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2020</year> <article-title>Planning for all students: promoting inclusive instruction</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>24</volume><issue>14</issue> <fpage>1552</fpage><lpage>1567</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1544301">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1544301</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Mu&#x00F1;oz, Y., y Porter, G. (2020). Planning for all students: promoting inclusive instruction, <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24</italic>(14), 1552-1567. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1544301">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1544301</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-44-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murillo</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <article-title>Direcci&#x00F3;n escolar para el cambio: Del liderazgo transformacional al liderazgo distribuido</article-title> <source><italic>REICE: Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue> <fpage>11</fpage><lpage>24</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3sSyMPo">https://bit.ly/3sSyMPo</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Murillo, J. (2006). Direcci&#x00F3;n escolar para el cambio: Del liderazgo transformacional al liderazgo distribuido. <italic>REICE: Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n, 4</italic>(4), 11-24. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3sSyMPo">https://bit.ly/3sSyMPo</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-45-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murillo</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Krichesky</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2012</year> <article-title>El Proceso del Cambio Escolar. Una Gu&#x00ED;a para Impulsar y Sostener la Mejora de las Escuelas</article-title> <source><italic>REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>26</fpage><lpage>43</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://revistas.uam.es/index.php/reice/article/view/3072">https://revistas.uam.es/index.php/reice/article/view/3072</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Murillo, J., y Krichesky, G. (2012). El Proceso del Cambio Escolar. Una Gu&#x00ED;a para Impulsar y Sostener la Mejora de las Escuelas. <italic>REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n, 10</italic>(1), 26-43. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://revistas.uam.es/index.php/reice/article/view/3072">https://revistas.uam.es/index.php/reice/article/view/3072</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-46-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murillo</surname> <given-names>F. J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Krichesky</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Castro</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Hern&#x00E1;ndez</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2010</year> <article-title>Liderazgo para la inclusi&#x00F3;n escolar y la justicia social. Aportaciones de la investigaci&#x00F3;n</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Latinoamericana de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva</italic></source> <volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>169</fpage><lpage>186</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ISPX9G">https://bit.ly/3ISPX9G</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Murillo, F. J., Krichesky, G., Castro, A., y Hern&#x00E1;ndez, R. (2010). Liderazgo para la inclusi&#x00F3;n escolar y la justicia social. Aportaciones de la investigaci&#x00F3;n<italic>. Revista Latinoamericana de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva, 4</italic>(1), 169-186. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ISPX9G">https://bit.ly/3ISPX9G</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-47-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nairaian</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Schlessinger</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year> <article-title>When theory meets the &#x201C;reality of reality&#x201D;: Reviewing the sufficiency of the social model of disability as a foundation for teacher preparation for inclusive education</article-title> <source><italic>Teacher Education Quarterly</italic></source> <volume>44</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>81</fpage><lpage>100</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/90003619?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents/">https://www.jstor.org/stable/90003619?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents/</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Nairaian, S., y Schlessinger, S. (2017). When theory meets the &#x201C;reality of reality&#x201D;: Reviewing the sufficiency of the social model of disability as a foundation for teacher preparation for inclusive education. <italic>Teacher Education Quarterly, 44</italic>(1), 81-100. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/90003619?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents/">https://www.jstor.org/stable/90003619?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents/</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-48-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nilholm</surname> <given-names>C.</given-names></name> <name><surname>G&#x00F6;ransson</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year> <article-title>What is meant by inclusion? An analysis of European and North American journal articles with high impact</article-title> <source><italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education</italic></source> <volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>437</fpage><lpage>451</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1295638">https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1295638</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Nilholm, C., y G&#x00F6;ransson, K. (2017). What is meant by inclusion? An analysis of European and North American journal articles with high impact. <italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education, 32</italic>(3), 437-451 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1295638">https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1295638</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-49-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Norwich</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <article-title>Dilemmas of difference, inclusion, and disability: international perspective placement</article-title> <source><italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education</italic></source> <volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue> <fpage>287</fpage><lpage>304</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Norwich, B. (2009). Dilemmas of difference, inclusion, and disability: international perspective placement. <italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education, 23</italic>(4), 287-304.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-50-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Norwich</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <article-title>Changing policy and legislation and its effects on inclusive and special education: a perspective from England</article-title> <source><italic>British Journal of Special Education</italic></source> <volume>41</volume><issue>4</issue> <fpage>403</fpage><lpage>425</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12079">https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12079</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Norwich, B. (2014). Changing policy and legislation and its effects on inclusive and special education: a perspective from England. <italic>British Journal of Special Education, 41</italic>(4), 403-425 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12079">https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12079</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-51-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Parrilla</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Susinos</surname> <given-names>T.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Gallego-Vega</surname> <given-names>C.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;nez</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year> <article-title>Revisando cr&#x00ED;ticamente c&#x00F3;mo investigamos en educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva: cuatro proyectos con un enfoque educativo y social</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Interuniversitaria de Formaci&#x00F3;n del Profesorado</italic></source> <volume>89</volume> <fpage>145</fpage><lpage>156</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3IY1hkZ">https://bit.ly/3IY1hkZ</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Parrilla, A., Susinos, T., Gallego-Vega, C., y Mart&#x00ED;nez, B. (2017). Revisando cr&#x00ED;ticamente c&#x00F3;mo investigamos en educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva: cuatro proyectos con un enfoque educativo y social. <italic>Revista Interuniversitaria de Formaci&#x00F3;n del Profesorado, 89</italic>, 145-156. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3IY1hkZ">https://bit.ly/3IY1hkZ</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-52-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pennac</surname> <given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2008</year> <source><italic>Mal de escuela</italic></source> <publisher-name>Random House</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Pennac, D. (2008). <italic>Mal de escuela</italic>. Random House.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-53-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Powell</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Edelstein</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Blanck</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2015</year> <article-title>Awareness-raising, legitimation, or backlash? Effects of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on education systems in Germany</article-title> <source><italic>Globalisation, Societies and Education</italic></source> <volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>227</fpage><lpage>250</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.982076">https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.982076</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Powell, J., Edelstein, B., y Blanck, J. (2015). Awareness-raising, legitimation, or backlash? Effects of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on education systems in Germany. <italic>Globalisation, Societies and Education, 14</italic>(2), 227-250 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.982076">https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.982076</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-54-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Puig</surname> <given-names>J. M.&#x00AA;</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2012</year> <chapter-title>La cultura moral como sistema de pr&#x00E1;cticas y mundo de valores</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Puig</surname> <given-names>J. M.&#x00AA;</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coord.</role> <source><italic>Cultura moral y educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>87</fpage><lpage>105</lpage> <publisher-name>Gra&#x00F3;</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Puig, J. M.&#x00AA; (2012). La cultura moral como sistema de pr&#x00E1;cticas y mundo de valores. En J. M.&#x00AA; Puig (Coord.), <italic>Cultura moral y educaci&#x00F3;n</italic> (pp. 87-105). Gra&#x00F3;.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-55-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sapon-Shevin</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <article-title>La inclusi&#x00F3;n real: Una perspectiva de justicia social [Versi&#x00F3;n en castellano]</article-title> <source><italic>Revista de investigaci&#x00F3;n en Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>11</volume> <issue>3</issue> <fpage>71</fpage><lpage>85</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Sapon-Shevin, M. (2013). La inclusi&#x00F3;n real: Una perspectiva de justicia social [Versi&#x00F3;n en castellano]. <italic>Revista de investigaci&#x00F3;n en Educaci&#x00F3;n, 11</italic> (3), 71-85.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-59-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schlessinger</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year> <article-title>Reclaiming teacher intellectualism through and for inclusive education</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>268</fpage><lpage>284</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1362598">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1362598</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Schlessinger, S. (2018). Reclaiming teacher intellectualism through and for inclusive education, <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22</italic>(3), 268-284 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1362598">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1362598</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-56-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sch&#x00F6;n</surname> <given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>1992</year> <source><italic>La formaci&#x00F3;n de profesionales reflexivos. Hacia un nuevo dise&#x00F1;o de la ense&#x00F1;anza y el aprendizaje en las profesiones</italic></source> <publisher-name>Paid&#x00F3;s/MEC</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Sch&#x00F6;n, D. (1992). <italic>La formaci&#x00F3;n de profesionales reflexivos. Hacia un nuevo dise&#x00F1;o de la ense&#x00F1;anza y el aprendizaje en las profesiones</italic>. Paid&#x00F3;s/MEC.</mixed-citation></ref> 
    <ref id="ref-70-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Senge</surname> <given-names>P.M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>1989</year> <source><italic>The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation</italic></source> <publisher-name>Century</publisher-name></element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>Senge, P.M. (1989). <italic>The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation</italic>. Century.</mixed-citation></ref>
    <ref id="ref-69-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Skrtic</surname> <given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>1991</year> <article-title>The special education paradox: Equity as the way to excellence</article-title> <source><italic>Harvard Educational Review</italic></source> <volume>61</volume> <issue>2</issue> <fpage>148</fpage><lpage>206</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.2.0q702751580h0617">https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.2.0q702751580h0617</ext-link></element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>Skrtic, T. M. (1991). The special education paradox: Equity as the way to excellence. <italic>Harvard Educational Review, 61</italic>(2), 148-206. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.2.0q702751580h0617">https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.2.0q702751580h0617</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-58-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Slee</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2019</year> <article-title>Belonging in an age of exclusion</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>23</volume><issue>9</issue> <fpage>909</fpage><lpage>922</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1602366">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1602366</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Slee, R. (2019) Belonging in an age of exclusion. <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 23</italic>(9) 909-922 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1602366">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1602366</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-57-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stake</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <chapter-title>Estudio de casos cualitativos</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denzin</surname> <given-names>N. K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Lincoln</surname> <given-names>Y. S.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <source><italic>Manual de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. Las estrategias de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <volume>vol. 3</volume> <fpage>43</fpage><lpage>102</lpage> <publisher-name>Gedisa</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Stake, R. (2013). Estudio de casos cualitativos. En N. K. Denzin e Y. S. Lincoln (Coords.), <italic>Manual de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. Las estrategias de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa (vol. 3)</italic>, (43-102). Gedisa.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-60-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tyack</surname> <given-names>D.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Cuban</surname> <given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2001</year> <source><italic>En Busca de la Utop&#x00ED;a: un siglo de reformas en las escuelas p&#x00FA;blicas</italic></source> <publisher-name>FCE</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Tyack, D., y Cuban, L. (2001). <italic>En Busca de la Utop&#x00ED;a: un siglo de reformas en las escuelas p&#x00FA;blicas</italic>. FCE.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-61-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>UNESCO</collab></person-group> <year>2020</year> <source><italic>Towards inclusion in education: status, trends and challenges: the UNESCO Salamanca Statement 25 years on</italic></source> <publisher-name>UNESCO</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374246/">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374246/</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>UNESCO. (2020). <italic>Towards inclusion in education: status, trends and challenges: the UNESCO Salamanca Statement 25 years on</italic>. UNESCO. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374246/">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374246/</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-62-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>UNESCO</collab></person-group> <year>2015</year> <source><italic>Educaci&#x00F3;n 2030. Declaraci&#x00F3;n de Incheon y Marco de Acci&#x00F3;n. Hacia una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida para todos</italic></source> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/ESP-Marco-de-Accion-E2030-aprobado.pdf/">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/ESP-Marco-de-Accion-E2030-aprobado.pdf/</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>UNESCO. (2015). <italic>Educaci&#x00F3;n 2030. Declaraci&#x00F3;n de Incheon y Marco de Acci&#x00F3;n. Hacia una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida para todos</italic>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/ESP-Marco-de-Accion-E2030-aprobado.pdf/">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/ESP-Marco-de-Accion-E2030-aprobado.pdf/</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-63-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>United Nations (UN)</collab></person-group> <year>2006</year> <chapter-title>Convenci&#x00F3;n de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad</chapter-title> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf">https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>United Nations (UN) (2006). Convenci&#x00F3;n de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf">https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf</ext-link>.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-64-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vasilachis de Gialdino</surname> <given-names>I.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <article-title>Los fundamentos ontol&#x00F3;gicos y epistemol&#x00F3;gicos de la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</article-title> <source><italic>Forum: Qualitative Social Research</italic></source> <volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue> <comment>Art. 30</comment> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ojPTrS">https://bit.ly/3ojPTrS</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Vasilachis de Gialdino, I. (2009). Los fundamentos ontol&#x00F3;gicos y epistemol&#x00F3;gicos de la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. <italic>Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 10</italic>(2), Art. 30. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ojPTrS">https://bit.ly/3ojPTrS</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-65-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>V&#x00E1;zquez</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <source><italic>La educaci&#x00F3;n y la &#x00E9;tica del cuidado en el pensamiento de Nel Noddings</italic></source> <comment>Tesis doctoral</comment> <publisher-name>Universitat de Val&#x00E8;ncia, Facultad de Filosof&#x00ED;a y Ciencias de la Educaci&#x00F3;n</publisher-name> <publisher-loc>Espa&#x00F1;a</publisher-loc> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3gm1D8V">https://bit.ly/3gm1D8V</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>V&#x00E1;zquez, V. (2009). <italic>La educaci&#x00F3;n y la &#x00E9;tica del cuidado en el pensamiento de Nel Noddings</italic>. (Tesis doctoral), Universitat de Val&#x00E8;ncia, Facultad de Filosof&#x00ED;a y Ciencias de la Educaci&#x00F3;n, Espa&#x00F1;a. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3gm1D8V">https://bit.ly/3gm1D8V</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-66-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>V&#x00E1;zquez</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Esc&#x00E1;mez</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2010</year> <article-title>La profesi&#x00F3;n docente y la &#x00E9;tica del cuidado</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica de Investigaci&#x00F3;n Educativa</italic></source> <volume>12</volume><issue>especial</issue> <fpage>1</fpage><lpage>17</lpage> <comment>En</comment> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/34djLzl">https://bit.ly/34djLzl</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>V&#x00E1;zquez, V., y Esc&#x00E1;mez, J. (2010). La profesi&#x00F3;n docente y la &#x00E9;tica del cuidado. <italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica de Investigaci&#x00F3;n Educativa, 12</italic>(especial), 1-17. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/34djLzl">https://bit.ly/34djLzl</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-67-27699-Esp"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yin</surname> <given-names>R. K.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <source><italic>Case study research: Design and methods</italic></source> <edition>4.&#x00AA; Ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Yin, R. K. (2009). <italic>Case study research: Design and methods</italic>. (4.&#x00AA; Ed.). Sage.</mixed-citation></ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" xml:lang="en" id="S1">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">teri.27699</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14201/teri.27699</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>TOWARDS A MORE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: A SCHOOL TRANSFORMATION<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01"><sup>1</sup></xref></article-title>
<trans-title-group>
<trans-title xml:lang="es"><italic>Hacia una educaci&#x00F3;n m&#x00E1;s inclusiva: la transformaci&#x00F3;n de un centro educativo</italic></trans-title>
</trans-title-group>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1551-1586</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>FERN&#x00C1;NDEZ BL&#x00C1;ZQUEZ</surname>
<given-names>M.&#x00AA; Luz M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8682-5342</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>ECHEITA SARRIONANDIA</surname>
<given-names>Gerardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff01">
<institution content-type="original">Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid. Spain.</institution>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid</institution>
<country country="ES">Spain</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c01"><email>mluz.fernandez@uam.es</email></corresp>
<corresp id="c02"><email>gerardo.echeita@uam.es</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>01</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
    <elocation-id>e27699</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>10</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2021</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>18</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>&#x00A9; 2022 Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2022</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>Licencia CC BY-NC-ND. Licencia Creative Commons Atribuci&#x00F3;n-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional Universidad de Salamanca. Su comercializaci&#x00F3;n est&#x00E1; sujeta al permiso del editor</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Research in inclusive education highlights the need to broaden our understanding of school transformation processes with an inclusive approach on the basis of particular contexts and with an emic approach. The research we present here seeks to contribute to this. It is an instrumental single case study using a qualitative approach. Its main objective is to examine the implementation of the process of transformation with an inclusive outlook in an educational centre, analysing the reasons inspiring it and the strategies followed to start this process of change. We used interviews for collecting information, carrying out a total of 37 with 27 members of the educational community, and discussion groups, carrying out three with a total of 16 informants. Based on an inductive thematic analysis we extract the principal results relating to two significant dimensions: the break with the existing situation and the strategies in the transformation process. The first of these dimensions has two thematic blocks, in which the reasons that led the professionals from the educational community to undertake the process of change are outlined along with the horizon that they followed. The second shows the strategies put in place in relation to changes in the structure and organization of the centre, the connection with their own professional practice, and accompanying teachers in the change. Developing inclusive education can involve a personal transformation relating one&#x2019;s self perception as an agent of change and a collective transformation through the group strategies that are developed and the institutional change that is needed.</p>
</abstract>
<trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
<title>RESUMEN</title>
<p>La investigaci&#x00F3;n en educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva apunta la necesidad de ampliar nuestra comprensi&#x00F3;n sobre los procesos de transformaci&#x00F3;n escolar con horizonte inclusivo desde los contextos particulares, con enfoque <italic>emic</italic>. La investigaci&#x00F3;n que presentamos busca contribuir en esa direcci&#x00F3;n. Se trata de un estudio de caso &#x00FA;nico de tipo instrumental con aproximaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. Tiene como objetivo principal conocer el desarrollo del proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n con horizonte inclusivo de un centro educativo, analizando los motivos que lo impulsaron y las estrategias seguidas para comenzar su proceso de cambio. Se emplearon como estrategias de recogida de informaci&#x00F3;n la entrevista, realizando un total de 37 a 27 miembros de la comunidad educativa, y el grupo de discusi&#x00F3;n, realizando tres a un total de 16 informantes. Desde un an&#x00E1;lisis tem&#x00E1;tico de tipo inductivo extraemos los principales resultados relacionados con dos grandes dimensiones: la ruptura con lo preestablecido y las estrategias en el proceso de transformaci&#x00F3;n. La primera de las dimensiones cuenta con dos bloques tem&#x00E1;ticos, donde se perfilan los motivos que llevaron a los profesionales de la comunidad educativa a emprender el proceso de cambio y el horizonte que siguieron. La segunda muestra las estrategias que pusieron en marcha relacionadas con los cambios en la estructura y la organizaci&#x00F3;n del centro, la conexi&#x00F3;n con la propia pr&#x00E1;ctica profesional y el acompa&#x00F1;amiento al profesorado en el cambio. Desarrollar una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva puede significar una transformaci&#x00F3;n personal relacionada con la percepci&#x00F3;n de uno mismo como agente de cambio y una transformaci&#x00F3;n colectiva desde las estrategias grupales que se desarrollan y del propio cambio institucional que se necesita.</p>
</trans-abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title><italic>Keywords:</italic></title>
<kwd>inclusive education</kwd>
<kwd>educational transformation</kwd>
<kwd>case studies</kwd>
<kwd>inclusion</kwd>
<kwd>educational change</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
<title><italic>Palabras clave</italic>:</title>
<kwd>educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</kwd>
<kwd>transformaci&#x00F3;n educativa</kwd>
<kwd>estudio de casos</kwd>
<kwd>inclusi&#x00F3;n</kwd>
<kwd>cambio educativo</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="award01">
<funding-source>
<institution-wrap>
<institution>Training Research Personnel at the Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
<award-id>EDU 2017-86739-R</award-id>
</award-group>
<funding-statement>This article was written with the support of a project funded by the State Programme for Research, Development and Innovation Focussing on the Challenges of Society. Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, reference EDU 2017-86739-R, and a predoctoral contract for Training Research Personnel at the Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="introduction" id="sec-1-27699-Eng">
<label><bold>1.</bold></label>
<title><bold>I<sc>ntroduction</sc></bold></title>
    <p>The spread of the theoretical assumptions of inclusive education has international impact and presence (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-61-27699-Eng">UNESCO, 2020</xref>). However, even today there is a real risk that inclusive education will be seen as little more than a masterpiece of rhetoric, as it seems to represent a solid ideal ethics that is easy to accept and hard to reject (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-5-27699-Eng">Artiles &#x0026; Kozleski, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-50-27699-Eng">Norwich, 2014</xref>), but has little representation in action. Despite being recognised as a human right (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-63-27699-Eng">UN, 2006</xref>) and even being part of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-62-27699-Eng">UNESCO&#x2019;s Agenda 2030 (2015)</xref>, international pressures appear to be insufficient for its development in different contexts (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-61-27699-Eng">UNESCO, 2020</xref>).</p>
<p>Research has identified different types of aspect that could underlie the difficult and complex task of translating inclusive values into action (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-9-27699-Eng">Booth &#x0026; Ainscow, 2015</xref>). At the <italic>conceptual level</italic>, we find it is understood differently in different social spheres and contexts (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-40-27699-Eng">Messiou, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-48-27699-Eng">Nilholm &#x0026; G&#x00F6;ransson, 2017</xref>). At the <italic>cultural level</italic>, we know that the reforms with a national reach that building a more inclusive education requires can be <italic>redefined</italic> or <italic>recalibrated</italic> in local contexts, so that they fit in with the existing situation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Eng">Powell, Edelstein &#x0026; Blanck, 2015</xref>), resulting in widely varied scenarios even within one country and with the inclusive outlook itself (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-31-27699-Eng">G&#x00F6;ransson &#x0026; Nilholm, 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-33-27699-Eng">Hakala &#x0026; Leivo, 2017</xref>). At a <italic>practical level</italic>, in the schools, we identify the complexities involved in the processes of mobilising knowledge from the field of research to the practical field (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Eng">Korsgaard <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>) as well as the dilemmatic and also complex task of creating and maintaining coherence between theoretical and practical discourse by education professionals (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-47-27699-Eng">Naraian &#x0026; Schlessinger, 2017</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-41-27699-Eng">Messiou &#x0026; Ainscow, 2020</xref>). So, we need to understand how theoretical assumptions are implemented in particular contexts (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Eng">Korsgaard <italic>et al</italic>.., 2018</xref>), with places like Spain that have decentralised educational structures being especially important (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Eng">Powell <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>), as well as exploring the mechanisms through which education professionals themselves come to accept and commit to the development of inclusive pedagogies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-31-27699-Eng">G&#x00F6;ransson &#x0026; Nilholm, 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-40-27699-Eng">Messiou, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-47-27699-Eng">Naraian &#x0026; Schlessinger, 2017</xref>). In this framework, emic research focuses, that is to say, ones that comprehend the processes investigated from the perspective of participants, can contribute in at least two ways: (1) by expanding our comprehension of some of the gaps that the literature has identified and which we have previously noted; (2) by positioning us in an epistemology that allows us to relocate ourselves and distance ourselves from the direction, worrying for some, in which research in education is heading (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-42-27699-Eng">Mor&#x00ED;n, 2006</xref>) and the way of understanding educational practice through statistical instruments and meta-analyses, which stops <italic>listening</italic> to educational practice (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Eng">Korsgaard <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>) and ignores the reality that teachers and educators face, thus losing contact with <italic>pedagogical tact</italic> (Herbart, 1896 cited in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Eng">Korsgaard <italic>et al</italic>., 2018</xref>).</p>
    <p>The research we set out here seeks to cast light on this sense, and its ultimate aim can be condensed in the words of UNESCO: &#x201C;<italic>How</italic> can we advance legislation, policies, programs and <italic>practices</italic> that ensure inclusion and equity in education?&#x201D; (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-61-27699-Eng">2020</xref>, p. 8 emphasis added). To do so we have examined an educational community that undertook a process of change and we have studied the process it followed in depth.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-2-27699-Eng">
<label><bold>2.</bold></label>
<title><bold>O<sc>bjectives: research questions</sc></bold></title>
<p>We start with a main research question that is divided into two specific questions<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn02"><sup>2</sup></xref>:</p>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>How has the process of educational transformation been carried out with the intention of developing a more inclusive education?</p>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><label>*</label> <p>What were the reasons that inspired the start of the process?</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>*</label> <p>What strategies were followed and implemented to drive the transformation with this horizon of change in the educational community?</p></list-item>
</list></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="method" id="sec-3-27699-Eng">
<label><bold>3.</bold></label>
<title><bold>M<sc>ethod</sc></bold></title>
<p>We carried out a single instrumental case study (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-14-27699-Eng">Creswell, 2013</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-67-27699-Eng">Yin, 2009</xref>). This design enables a more in-depth consideration of the process of transformation with an inclusive outlook in an educational centre in the Community of Madrid (Spain).</p>
<p>Research in the field of inclusive education has shown the importance of setting out the philosophical assumptions that underpin the research (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-40-27699-Eng">Messiou, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-58-27699-Eng">Slee, 2019</xref>). Accordingly, at an ontological level, we understand that the experiences of the process of transformation of the educational centre we studied have a <italic>high and systemic level of complexity</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-36-27699-Eng">Mart&#x00ED;nez, 2006</xref>;). The <italic>direction of the change</italic> must be constructed and understood from the context of the institution itself and its members, who can give <italic>different meanings</italic> to this experience, thus adopting the idea of <italic>multiple realities</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-14-27699-Eng">Creswell, 2013</xref>). We understand that the image of the object of study that we show is not a reflection like a mirror would show and so we adopt positivist epistemological assumptions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-64-27699-Eng">Vasilachis de Gialdino, 2009</xref>). Instead, the analysis we present is one of the many approaches we could take to our object of study (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-15-27699-Eng">Denzin y Lincoln, 2012</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-28-27699-Eng">Gibbs, 2012</xref>)<bold>.</bold> Consequently, we can locate this research in a <italic>constructivist&#x2013;interpretativist paradigm</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-15-27699-Eng">Denzin &#x0026; Lincoln, 2012</xref>).</p>
<sec id="sec-4-27699-Eng">
<label>3.1.</label>
<title><italic>Description of the case</italic></title>
<p>This is a state-assisted private school run by a foundation. It is located in the north of the city of Madrid (Spain). It was founded in 1953. It has three classes at each level and at the time of the study had 1269 students across the school from nursery for two-year-olds through to year two of the Spanish Baccalaureate (aged 17&#x2013;18). The teaching team comprises 90 staff members including teachers, the guidance department, and management. According to the headteacher, 5% of the centre&#x2019;s students are classed as <italic>students with special educational needs</italic>, and another 5% could be classed as such but this has not happened in this school in line with the centre&#x2019;s policy and in agreement with the families. In 2008, coinciding with a change in the centre&#x2019;s management team, a process of transformation was launched that sought to transform the centre giving it an inclusive outlook.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-5-27699-Eng">
<label>3.2.</label>
<title><italic>Participants: selection criteria</italic></title>
<p>The <italic>critical cases and maximum variation</italic> criteria proposed by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-39-27699-Eng">Miles <italic>et al</italic>. (2014)</xref> helped shape the total sample of 33 informants: 30 teaching staff with different roles in the educational community (management team, guidance department, teachers) and three parents of students from the centre.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-6-27699-Eng">
<label>3.3.</label>
<title><italic>Information collection strategies</italic></title>
<p>To explore the motives that led to the start of the process of change and the strategies followed in the it, we used the following information collection strategies:</p>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>Semi-structured interviews. We carried out 31 semi-structured interviews (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-35-27699-Eng">Kvale, 2011</xref>) of differing formats (individual and in pairs) lasting between 30 and 120 minutes with 27 informants from the educational community.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>Discussion groups (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-6-27699-Eng">Barbour, 2013</xref>). We held three discussion groups with teachers from primary education (five teachers), secondary education (five teachers), and the guidance department (six team members) of 50 minutes&#x2019; duration each.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-7-27699-Eng">
<label>3.4.</label>
<title><italic>Quality of the research</italic></title>
<p>This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid (Spain). We have also explicitly taken into account principles relating to quality in qualitative research: reflexivity, transparency, authenticity, holistic perspective, methodological systematicity, coherence, and awareness of complexity (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-29-27699-Eng">Gehrig &#x0026; Palacios, 2014</xref>;). We also followed a process of triangulation of data sources (Denzin, 1970, cited in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-22-27699-Eng">Flick, 2015</xref>), comparing data and analyses that are comparable (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-6-27699-Eng">Barbour, 2013</xref>), such as interviews in different formats and the discussion group. We carried out a triangulation process (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-14-27699-Eng">Cresswell, 2013</xref>) between three researchers, two of whom are the authors of this work, by periodically comparing the analyses and interpretations done by the first of the researchers. We also followed a process of stakeholder review (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-57-27699-Eng">Stake, 2013</xref>), comparing the analyses and results with various professionals from the centre throughout the study and in a final feedback session with the head of the centre.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-8-27699-Eng">
<label>3.5.</label>
<title><italic>Procedure for analysing information</italic></title>
<p>The information collected was transformed into textual information using computers. We carried out an inductive thematic analysis (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-11-27699-Eng">Braun &#x0026; Clarke, 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-23-27699-Eng">Flick, 2013</xref>) including latent, or implicit, content and semantic, or explicit, content (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-25-27699-Eng">Friese, 2019</xref>) in accordance with the research paradigm adopted. We define a topic as something that condenses the meaning or a pattern of part of the information found (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-11-27699-Eng">Braun &#x0026; Clarke, 2006</xref>). In the analyses we used the <italic>ATLAS ti</italic> version 1.6.0 computer program.</p>
<p>The thematic blocks and topics identified in the analyses are combined into two large dimensions: the break with the existing situation and strategies in the process of transformation. The first of these dimensions brings together the topics relating to the questions of <italic>why start</italic> and <italic>where to head</italic>, in other words, the reasons for starting the change and the direction that the educational community wanted to give to its process (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tabw-1-27699-Eng">Table 1</xref>).</p>
<table-wrap id="tabw-1-27699-Eng">
<label>T<sc>able</sc> 1</label>
<caption><title><sc>dimension</sc> 1. T<sc>he break with the existing situation</sc></title></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<col width="50%"/>
<col width="40%"/>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="center"><p><bold>Thematic block</bold></p></th>
<th valign="top" align="center"><p><bold>Topic</bold></p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4"><p>Reasons for transformation</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Students: replicating</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Practices-ideas: inconsistency</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Teaching work: lack of satisfaction</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Transformative experiences: the unfinished reality</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2"><p>Direction of the transformation</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Open to all</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Theory as an essential concern</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<p>Dimension 2 condenses the topic identified as the question of <italic>how</italic>, in other words, the strategies followed to be able to implement the process of change (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tabw-2-27699-Eng">Table 2</xref>).</p>
<table-wrap id="tabw-2-27699-Eng">
<label>T<sc>able</sc> 2</label>
<caption><title><sc>dimension</sc> 2. S<sc>trategies in the process of transformation</sc></title></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<col width="50%"/>
<col width="50%"/>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="center"><p><bold>Thematic block</bold></p></th>
<th valign="top" align="center"><p><bold>Topic</bold></p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3"><p>Strategies: Changes in structure and organisation</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Changes in leadership</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Towards the configuration of the school as a community: staff bodies</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Transforming pedagogical practice</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4"><p>Strategies: towards the link with experience</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Unfinished reality</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Acting</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Necessity</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Living what you teach</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2"><p>Strategies: from the link with people</p></td>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Emotional availability and attunement</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left"><p>Resistance</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="results" id="sec-9-27699-Eng">
<label><bold>4.</bold></label>
<title><bold>R<sc>esults</sc></bold></title>
<p>The thematic blocks and topics are set out below. Each topic has a quote from a participant as its title, which distils how the topic is implemented. All of the names that appear in the quotes are pseudonyms.</p>
<sec id="sec-10-27699-Eng">
<label>Dimension 1.</label>
<title>The break with the existing situation</title>
    <p>How does one come to <italic>perceive the need</italic> to transform reality? In what direction should the effort for change be <italic>directed</italic>? In this dimension we found a major presence of the voices of two people who played a fundamental role as agents of change in the beginnings of the process of transformation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Eng">Powell <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>) and most evidently make the process visible. They are linked to the guidance department of the educational centre (for a more extensive analysis, see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-21-27699-Eng">Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Bl&#x00E1;zquez y Echeita, 2018</xref>).</p>
<sec id="sec-11-27699-Eng">
<label>4.1.</label>
<title><italic>Motives</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-12-27699-Eng">
<label>4.1.1.</label>
<title>Students: replicating. &#x201C;I want to be like the others in level 1A, in everything with everyone&#x201D;</title>
<p>The professionals from the guidance department had experiences with students that made it easier for them to identify problems in the existing situation, develop reflexive processes regarding the implications of their own practices in the configuration of the educational experience of the students, and become aware of their role or responsibility in the creation of this experience. These experiences principally relate to how educational support was offered to students who were classed as having special educational needs. The particular words that open this topic come from the story of a student from the educational centre. This student, Vaiana, in the words of Mariana:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>I also know because of the conversations I had with the pedagogical therapist, she made all of the model change a little bit. Because we couldn&#x2019;t reach her. You know?</p>
<p>(Mariana, Guidance Department).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>&#x201C;We couldn&#x2019;t reach her&#x201D; implies a transformative perspective regarding the comprehension of diversity that previously existed in the educational community. This made it possible for them to break their inertia and connect themselves to their own professional experience: questioning their way of working and their own practices as a department.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-13-27699-Eng">
<label>4.1.2.</label>
<title>Practices-ideas: inconsistency. &#x201C;Inconsistent with the college&#x2019;s own principles&#x201D;</title>
<p>There was some inconsistency in the connection between the educational centre&#x2019;s ethos and the practices of the members of the guidance department. What the ethos identified as the educational proposal was not related to what they members did as a guidance department or the thing to which they were contributing.</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>there were some big gaps between the purpose of the school and what we were doing as a department. So this raised lots of questions for us (&#x2026;) we weren&#x2019;t satisfied.</p>
<p>(Crista, Guidance Department).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>This enabled them to articulate their reflections about the ethos and practice, about what we might call the search for coherence between discourse and action.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-14-27699-Eng">
<label>4.1.3.</label>
<title>Transformative experiences: the unfinished reality. &#x201C;Experiences of real transformation&#x201D;</title>
<p>The experience of being familiar with options for intervention that have contributed to profound transformations of people&#x2019;s lives seems to be a strong incentive for professionals to think that transformation was possible, that what existed could be transformed.</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>I was at a critical moment where I felt&#x2026; I felt like either this would end up absorbing me, or the system as it was would absorb me, take me to a different place [to the current one] or I would find something else. [&#x2026;] Because I was also having experiences of transformation in informal education contexts outside the school, experiences of real transformation, which are the ones that have excited me all through my life&#x2026; That&#x2019;s why I&#x2019;m here.</p>
<p>(Crista, Guidance Department).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>A journey to find alternatives for this new construction started then, based on theory and undertaking training processes and knowing practices.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-15-27699-Eng">
<label>4.2.</label>
<title><italic>Direction of the transformation</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-16-27699-Eng">
<label>4.2.1.</label>
<title>Open to all. &#x201C;It&#x2019;s open to everyone without exception&#x201D;</title>
<p>The quote that heads this topic is from the school&#x2019;s Educational Proposal and refers to the horizon chosen for its process of transformation. It is the filter through all of the which all of the theoretical or practical content that permitted them to advance towards the new configuration of the educational centre started to be selected. Some members of the educational community have explicitly mentioned inclusive education in the outlook for change:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>An inclusive model where all of the students who have a support need are in class, the resources are in the classroom, the students participate in the same activity, they participate in the same dynamic, sometimes with different objectives, to achieve their own progress in&#x2026; in the class and in the activity being covered, but the one being proposed.</p>
<p>(Enara, Guidance Department).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-17-27699-Eng">
<label>4.2.2.</label>
<title>Theory as an essential concern. &#x201C;Looking for what is well founded&#x201D;</title>
<p>All of the people interviewed refer to some theoretical-educational concept or current that started to become valuable in the early stages of the change and enable us to observe that <italic>theory</italic> formed an essential concern during the process of transformation and that it also limited the possibilities for action. This teacher shares her experience of searching for alternatives to the way in which students were responded to in her subject, students who &#x201C;didn&#x2019;t fit in anywhere&#x201D;:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>So then when I was researching, I started to see that it had virtually no effect, very little effect. In other words, we did it with very good&#x2026; with lots of care, but it had virtually no effect</p>
<p>(Saray, Management Team).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-18-27699-Eng">
<label>Dimension 2.</label>
<title>Strategies in the process of transformation</title>
<p>The strategies put into action in the community are set out below in three thematic blocks: changes in structure, emotional availability, and resistance to change.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-19-27699-Eng">
<label>4.3.</label>
<title><italic>Strategies: changes in structure and organisation</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-20-27699-Eng">
<label>4.3.1.</label>
<title>Changes in leadership. &#x201C;The management needed to transmit this support through the heads of the different sections&#x201D;</title>
<p>At the start of the process of change, the leadership was not connected to pedagogical aspects. Therefore, the process of identifying problems in the existing situation, the feeling that there is a need for change, and the vision of themselves as key agents in this process was not shared by part of the management team in the way it was by members of the guidance department. For circumstantial reasons, one of the members of the guidance department became head of studies for primary education and there in a <italic>formal leadership</italic> position could implement some changes. In fact, the drive for change in this educational centre comes from the management team:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>If it hadn&#x2019;t been the school leadership team who had the courage needed to do all of this, it wouldn&#x2019;t have happened.</p>
<p>(Galo, Primary Education teacher).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-21-27699-Eng">
<label>4.3.2.</label>
<title>The school as a community: use of the staff bodies. &#x201C;We have to create staff bodies where everyone is together&#x201D;</title>
<p>The words that open this topic allude to the intention at the start of the transformation of linking work between colleagues. The information obtained suggests that staff bodies explicitly became a meeting place for all of the team of professionals, with the intention of transforming the absence of collaborative work between members of the community:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Then there was reflection on: &#x201C;we have to create staff bodies where everyone is together&#x201D; (&#x2026;). But the first proposal was: &#x201C;We have to have an excuse every Thursday to convince the&#x2026; to make us get together. And then even though we do shared tasks and divide ourselves up, we have to get together to reflect on something, even if it is only to make announcements and the like&#x201D;.</p>
<p>(Cristian, Management Team).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-22-27699-Eng">
<label>4.3.3.</label>
<title>Transforming pedagogical practice. &#x201C;Good practices&#x201D;</title>
<p>One of the topics that has been reflected has been the transformation in the teaching methodology. Tiana recounts some of the specific transformations:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Because we started with the idea of getting rid of textbooks; after getting rid of books, we started working on projects; (&#x2026;) then, a couple of years ago, the communication and language project began, which is the communicative topic&#x2026;</p>
<p>(Tiana, Early-Years Education).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>As we saw in the topic relating to the direction of the change, theory is identified as an essential concern in this group of professionals. This meant that the transformations in methodology were supported in training processes for teachers:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>it&#x2019;s unusual to have a year where you don&#x2019;t have some kind of course, one-day training programme, something, a year when you don&#x2019;t have something is odd, inclusion, inclusive sport, management, conflict resolution&#x2026;</p>
<p>(Merl&#x00ED;n, Primary Education).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-23-27699-Eng">
<label>4.4.</label>
<title><italic>Strategies: towards the link with experience</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-24-27699-Eng">
<label>4.4.1.</label>
<title>Unfinished reality. &#x201C;We started imagining&#x201D;</title>
<p>Different strategies were used with teachers to contribute to their understanding of the situation as something unfinished that can be transformed. Among them we found: imagining alternative forms of educating, training processes, and sharing and seeing the practices of other colleagues from the centre. In relation to the idea of imagining, Cristian comments:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>We sat down to imagine with the staff bodies, we started imagining, what we imagine for our students, in fact it is still documented and is up in the staffroom and we carry on working very often with that energy, what we imagine, when we imagine it turns out that we don&#x2019;t imagine failing everyone and everyone studying a lot in the evening, when we imagine a classroom, a school, whatever, we imagine really cool things</p>
<p>(Cristian, Management Team).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-25-27699-Eng">
<label>4.4.2.</label>
<title>Acting. &#x201C;Taking the leap&#x201D;</title>
<p>Faced with major processes of advance planning, we found more action and subsequent reflection on it. As one teacher puts it: &#x201C;diving in at the deep end&#x201D;:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Researcher. And what was that like? [starting some of the transformations she had described, specifically, the question of early attention].</p>
<p>Elisa. [Laughter]. Well, look, it was like&#x2026; like&#x2026; diving into the swimming pool&#x2026; but I loved it.</p>
<p>(Elisa, Primary Education).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-26-27699-Eng">
<label>4.4.3.</label>
<title>Need. &#x201C;How can I do it?&#x201D;</title>
<p>At the centre level, the decision was taken that no student would leave class without receiving educational support. So, the teaching staff started to find that their pedagogical practice did not meet the needs of the students they now had and that the training in methodology that was being driven by the management team now had a sense, a use:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>Of course, when you change the model and then some students are accepted who wouldn&#x2019;t have been in a mainstream centre before or who weren&#x2019;t counted or at least this isn&#x2019;t what the situation in this centre was like, it creates difficulties for the teacher.</p>
<p>(Ivo, Management Team).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>The idea of increased diversity of students, linked to the transformation of the guidance model through which support was provided, facilitated processes of reflecting on pedagogical practice.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-27-27699-Eng">
<label>4.4.4.</label>
<title>Living what you teach. &#x201C;They do the same with us that they want us to do&#x201D;</title>
<p>The words that head this topic set out to make visible another way in which the school tried to contribute to creating a link with experience: teachers experiencing in person what they have to do in class. Various teaching staff share this in relation to the use of methodologies, for example, cooperative learning. Merl&#x00ED;n, a teacher, explains this fact:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>In the teaching bodies they do the same with us that they want us to do with the cooperative groups in class.</p>
<p>(Merl&#x00ED;n, Primary Education).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-28-27699-Eng">
<label>4.5.</label>
<title><italic>Strategies: from the link with people</italic></title>
<sec id="sec-29-27699-Eng">
<label>4.5.1.</label>
<title>Emotional availability and attunement. &#x201C;Because, of course, you put yourself in the other person&#x2019;s place&#x201D;</title>
<p>Emotional availability by the people who exercised leadership in the process of transformation was very clearly on display throughout our information gathering, and training in it was also provided. This availability meant that leaders seemed to accept that managing teachers&#x2019; emotions was part of their job. This openness to emotions involved putting themselves in their colleagues&#x2019; shoes, thus displaying a certain emotional attunement:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>At first it was a bit like having a lot of&#x2026; a lot of sense and logic and really being with all of your senses very open to see how your colleagues were doing and propose things that were close to what they liked, their strong points. Making sure it was them in particular who made proposals.</p>
<p>(Enara, Guidance Department).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>This openness to others&#x2019; emotions seems to have facilitated the provision of accompaniment in the process of change. This accompaniment for families is above all related to the idea of creating trust. In the words of one of the families interviewed:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>we were about to take her [our daughter] to a&#x2026; [special education] school, when we had a diagnosis. And it was there that we met with Cristian [the head] to take a decision. (&#x2026;) And then he asked us to trust him, because of course we had serious doubts about what to do, how to do it, and then well we trusted him. &#x201C;Let&#x2019;s start working on it, let&#x2019;s start asking for support staff, let&#x2019;s start working with Vaiana in this way&#x201D; and, well, it was a very important decision for us, but also very important for the school.</p>
<p>(Fausto, father of a girl at the school).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-30-27699-Eng">
<label>4.5.2.</label>
<title>Resistance. &#x201C;Because we were going in one direction&#x201D;</title>
<p>Negative, reluctant, or opposing reactions to the process of transformation appeared in the educational community. This is reflected in the opinion of one of the teaching staff, which has been shared by several of the informants:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>(There are) people put up with it, but, well, without much enthusiasm, right through to the person who boycotts you. And there are people who just don&#x2019;t accept it, who are against the project, who are going to criticise, who are going to try something&#x2026; It&#x2019;s like everywhere, there are all sorts. I think in general it&#x2019;s good, a big majority, even older people where you think, &#x201C;How are you going to learn new methodologies, do research and so on at the age of 60?&#x201D;, but, no, there are lots of people who are really motivated with the project.</p>
<p>(Coque, Early-Years Education).</p>
</disp-quote>
<p>It was accepted that they were natural and that the important thing was to welcome them as such.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec-31-27699-Eng">
<label><bold>5.</bold></label>
<title><bold>D<sc>iscussion</sc></bold></title>
<p>The main aim of this research has been to understand, from an emic focus, the process of transforming an educational centre to develop a more inclusive education, trying to understand the motives that led to the start of the process as well as the strategies implemented. The findings of this research fall within a logic of generalisation pertaining to qualitative methodologies, in other words, naturalistic ones.</p>
<p>Regarding the aspects that led to the break with the previous situation, we find that people stopped seeing the existing practice in the school (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-60-27699-Eng">Tyack &#x0026; Cuban, 2001</xref>) as immovable and started to see it from a new perspective close to the idea that <italic>it can and should be transformed by us</italic>. For that very reason, it became something unfinished, incomplete, with a similar meaning to that of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-26-27699-Eng">Freire (2009)</xref>, who spoke of people as unfinished beings with the power to create, recreate, and decide on the pre-existing world, which would become not a pre-existing world but one consciously created from the acts of people themselves. In this process of creation, ethical questions are of a primary value because the answer to the following question largely depends on them: where should effort in transformation be directed? According to the European Agency for <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-1-27699-Eng">Special Needs and Inclusive Education (2014</xref>, p. 6) &#x201C;The next generation of teachers and education professionals must be prepared to be teachers/trainers for all learners; they need to be trained not just in terms of competences but also of ethical values&#x201D;.</p>
<p>Accordingly, we specifically identified the role that two particular people might have played at the start of the transformation, who consequently became very important agents of change in its early stages and for the sustainability of the process. As <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-16-27699-Eng">Ehrich and Carrington (2018)</xref> note, agents of change have strong ethical convictions for confronting the different dilemmas inherent to that these processes of transformation with an inclusive outlook. The presence of people who perform this type of role in processes of change has been highlighted in the literature (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-7-27699-Eng">Bolivar <italic>et al</italic>., 2013</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-45-27699-Eng">Murillo &#x0026; Krichesky, 2012</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-54-27699-Eng">Puig, 2012</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-38-27699-Eng">Marchesi &#x0026; Mart&#x00ED;n, 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-51-27699-Eng">Parrilla, <italic>et al</italic>., 2017</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-59-27699-Eng">Schlessinger, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-16-27699-Eng">Ehrich &#x0026; Carrington, 2018</xref>). As <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Eng">Powell Edelstein and Blanck (2015)</xref> suggest, processes of transformation require the presence of <italic>agents of change</italic>, who (1) are open to new solutions for old problems, (2) have an in-depth understanding of the obstacles facing transformation, and (3) have viable solutions, the <italic>power</italic> and the resources necessary to ensure compliance. We emphasise the word <italic>power</italic> because, specifically in the case of this educational centre, the people who led the process of transformation also had to adopt a position of greater formal authority. But what drove these leaders to question the status quo?</p>
    <p>They made themselves agents of transformation through what we could define as a <italic>problematisation of the present</italic>. This capacity is identified by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-34-27699-Eng">Koorsgard (2018)</xref> who returns to Hannah Arendt&#x2019;s idea of &#x201C;thinking without a banister&#x201D;, and it offers an opportunity to look at the present through new eyes. A questioning attitude towards the status quo has been identified in places where processes of transformation have been implemented (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-12-27699-Eng">Bunch, 2008</xref>). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-16-27699-Eng">Ehrich and Carrington (2018)</xref> return to the <italic>moral imagination</italic> of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-68-27699-Eng">Blumberg and Greenfield (1986)</xref> to refer to people&#x2019;s capacity to see the distance between how things are and how they could be. They state that this capacity invites the person to act on reality, taking these imagined possibilities as a horizon and transforming the present through their action.</p>
<p>This questioning attitude, which can help identify problems in the present and encourage people to position themselves as agents of transformation, is also related to the <italic>ethical presence</italic> of people in the world, an initial question to which we referred when faced with the vision of reality as unfinished. Teaching practice has been identified as an ethical practice by many authors from various theoretical currents (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-17-27699-Eng">Echeita 2013</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-9-27699-Eng">Booth y Ainscow, 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-3-27699-Eng">Arteaga-Mart&#x00ED;nez &#x0026; Garc&#x00ED;a, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-16-27699-Eng">Ehrich &#x0026; Carrington, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-26-27699-Eng">Freire, 2009</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-20-27699-Eng">Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Batanero, 2013</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-66-27699-Eng">V&#x00E1;zquez &#x0026; Esc&#x00E1;mez, 2010</xref>). From our perspective, ethical aspects must be central on the path towards a more inclusive education and the results of this study strengthen this conviction. The possibility of questioning the existing situation was created thanks to various mechanisms in the form of concrete lived experiences. We describe them below.</p>
<p>Recognising the potential value of these specific experiences could contribute to an understanding of questions that might provide an impetus in transformations or mechanisms for eroding reproductive processes in institutions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Eng">Powell <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>). We have identified the connection with students as a central aspect. Connecting with the specific experience of students who are classed as having special educational needs led teaching staff to question their practice. The perspective and empathy towards them as <italic>individual people</italic> made this possible. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-32-27699-Eng">Hart and Drummond (2004)</xref> use the term &#x201C;transformability&#x201D; to refer to the linkage of conceptions that lead teachers to feel able to improve students&#x2019; learning and their future development.</p>
    <p>The need to stress the value of each student in his or her uniqueness has been identified as necessary for the development of inclusive education (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-19-27699-Eng">Echeita, <italic>et al</italic>., 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-49-27699-Eng">Norwich, 2009</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-24-27699-Eng">Florian, 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-43-27699-Eng">Mu&#x00F1;oz &#x0026; Porter, 2018</xref>). Specifically, the students who are classed as having special educational needs enable some of these opportunities. The increased heterogeneity of the students in class and the policy decision of the centre that educational support should be provided in class might have helped create some new experiences in professional practice to which teaching staff had to respond. Immersion in the &#x201C;complexity of experience&#x201D;, as <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-47-27699-Eng">Naraian and Schlessinger (2017)</xref> identified in their study, enabled transformation. This situation can also be analysed in the words of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-18-27699-Eng">Echeita (2014</xref>, p. 51, own translation): &#x201C;And why is it that well-accepted diversity <italic>can</italic> produce such positive effects? Because diversity creates <italic>uncertainty</italic> and <italic>challenge</italic>, and both are prerequisites for innovation and creativity (&#x2026;); they are the precondition for excellence&#x201D; (author&#x2019;s emphasis). And he notes, returning to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-69-27699-Eng">Skrtic (1991)</xref>, that an adequate focus on attention to diversity can be a great opportunity to bring together excellence and equity.</p>
<p>In the case of these professionals, the link with students as individuals helped them become aware of the <italic>mismatch between their practices</italic> and what developing transformative education might require. We have identified different concepts or formulations in the literature that, with their nuances, ultimately refer us to similar questions to those that refer to experiences that allow questioning of the status quo. These are theoretical constructs that name events that have acted as mechanisms that can contribute to reflection and to transformation. These experiences are of value because of the possibility that they will mobilise the questioning of reality, creativity, and action and that they can lead to transformation of the existing (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-41-27699-Eng">Messiou &#x0026; Ainscow, 2020</xref>).</p>
    <p>In this sense, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-56-27699-Eng">Sch&#x00F6;n (1992)</xref> uses the term &#x201C;undetermined zones of practice&#x201D; to refer to events and experience that cannot be answered using the knowledge the person possesses and so create a need to find new ways to approach them. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-13-27699-Eng">Cole and Engestr&#x00F6;m (2001)</xref> from their expansion of the theory of activity, give a central importance to the element of &#x201C;contradictions&#x201D; in the system of activity of people or groups that require the new reconfiguration of the system to be able to find balance again, in other words, the response considered to be appropriate from the activity. In the specific field of inclusive education, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-2-27699-Eng">Ainscow (2004)</xref> speaks of &#x201C;interruptions&#x201D; and, returning to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-70-27699-Eng">Senge (1989)</xref>, observes that these interruptions can act as <italic>levers</italic> for changing the behaviour of an organisation. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-55-27699-Eng">Sapon-Shevin (2013)</xref> specifically mentions students with special educational needs as a &#x201C;revealing tablet&#x201D; that fulfils this function.</p>
<p>Becoming conscious of one&#x2019;s own experience through the connection with the experience of the students seems to be something that might have established itself as one of the mechanisms for identifying problems in the status quo and launching the transformation: they felt responsible for the school life of particular students who were not responding educationally as they felt they should, and so placed professional practice in a relational logic from which care for students is established as something valuable. This outlook might start by positioning educational practice as both reflexive (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-10-27699-Eng">Brady, 2020</xref>) and <italic>relational</italic>, with values of care, genuine interest in students, and love being central (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-30-27699-Eng">Gergen, 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-52-27699-Eng">Pennac, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-66-27699-Eng">V&#x00E1;zquez &#x0026; Esc&#x00E1;mez, 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-65-27699-Eng">V&#x00E1;zquez, 2009</xref>). As well as the connection with students, other experiences that might provide an opportunity to problematise the present were familiarity with options for action and feeling that transformation is possible thanks to knowledge of transformative experiences in other contexts.</p>
<p>Regarding the connection between the centre&#x2019;s practices and its ethos or educational project, it does seem that making incoherence visible was what initially led them to question the status quo and position themselves as agents of transformation; rather, it enabled them to establish the outlook to follow. We believe that this is of great value, as from the experience of this educational centre we have learnt that it was through the specific lived experiences, described above in the results section (connecting with students, knowledge of transformative experiences), that certain configurations or mechanisms developed that have awoken the need for transformation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-53-27699-Eng">Powell, <italic>et al</italic>., 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-31-27699-Eng">G&#x00F6;ransson &#x0026; Nilholm, 2014</xref>). Despite this, it was the horizon towards which actions were directed at different levels and it established itself as a tool to appeal to the need for change by creating reflexive processes that confronting it in the educational community. This is similar to the role that the view of inclusive education as a human right can play (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-11-27699-Eng">UN, 2006</xref>): it has legal and moral force (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-4-27699-Eng">As&#x00ED;s <italic>et al</italic>., 2007</xref>) but on its own it is insufficient for it to take shape in the actions appropriate to this right.</p>
<p>The value of a change in leadership has been identified in the school studied. This change in leadership played a vital role in transforming the structure and organisation. We have identified a variety of practices in the leadership of the educational centre, and these relate to previous proposals, such as the development of more pedagogical leadership (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-44-27699-Eng">Murillo 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-46-27699-Eng">Murillo, <italic>et al</italic>., 2010</xref>). The leaders&#x2019; plan to <italic>link transformation to the experience of the team</italic> of professionals in the centre was also fundamental. In this respect, and as we have previously noted, the inclusion of students who were previously kept out of the system enabled them to put themselves in a new educational scenario that required them to transform their pedagogical practice. As a result, the training processes that were promoted by the educational centre, which made it possible to find answers to the needs perceived by the teaching team, become meaningful (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-47-27699-Eng">Naraian &#x0026; Schlessinger, 2017</xref>). And, finally, positioning oneself next to people, in other words, <italic>accompanying</italic> them. The value of considering the emotional dimension in processes of educational transformation is recognised, as they demand great effort from people (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-27-27699-Eng">Fullan, 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-37-27699-Eng">Mart&#x00ED;n &#x0026; Cervi, 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-45-27699-Eng">Murillo &#x0026; Krichesky, 2012</xref>). This makes it vital to try to return a certain degree of security and trust to the teaching staff, given the complexity and uncertainty of the challenges that the development of a more inclusive education poses them (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-24-27699-Eng">Florian 2014</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-20-27699-Eng">Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Batanero, 2013</xref>). These challenges will also be the moral reward that will sustain them in the undertaking. In this sense, we end with the words of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref-8-27699-Eng">Booth (2006)</xref> who condenses part of this feeling:</p>
<disp-quote>
<p>When our efforts to bring about change in accordance with our values are frustrated, principled action is our own reward and so the laborious task of combining values of inclusion with actions keeps a resource for acting differently alive. (p. 217, own translation).</p>
</disp-quote>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="conclusions" id="sec-32-27699-Eng">
<label><bold>6.</bold></label>
<title><bold>C<sc>onclusions</sc></bold></title>
<p>In conclusion, we have identified five principal ideas that condense some of the lessons learned on the basis of the experience of the educational community, which we have analysed in this research:</p>
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>How can inclusive transformation be started? It is important to begin with the idea that <italic>it is possible</italic> to transform reality, and that this can be internalised, and accepted by educational communities. This idea is an important step towards initiating the change.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>Under what outlook on reality? It is important to identify problems in the existing situation, recognise its complexity and question it, and identify the aspects that must be transformed in view of the inclusive horizon, where ethical questions have special force.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>How can this be started? To promote this questioning and transformative outlook on reality, it is valuable to connect with students as individuals, as is awareness of transformative experiences that have been implemented elsewhere and enable us to see that another reality is possible and can act as support for us.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>Who starts the transformation? It is especially valuable for professionals to see themselves as agents of change, with capacity for agency and transformation.</p></list-item>
<list-item><label>-</label> <p>How can we make this possible? Leadership plays a fundamental role in creating the conditions that make it possible to launch and sustain the process.</p></list-item>
</list>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn01"><label>1.</label> <p>This article was written with the support of a project funded by the State Programme for Research, Development and Innovation Focussing on the Challenges of Society. Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, reference EDU 2017-86739-R, and a predoctoral contract for Training Research Personnel at the Universidad Aut&#x00F3;noma de Madrid.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn02"><label>2.</label> <p>This research was done under the framework of a doctoral thesis, which also has the objectives of understanding the results of this process of transformation in the educational community.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<ref-list>
<title><bold>R<sc>eferences</sc></bold></title>
<ref id="ref-1-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Agencia Europea para las Necesidades Educativas Especiales y la Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva</collab></person-group> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Cinco mensajes clave para la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</italic></source> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/344VXO9">https://bit.ly/344VXO9</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Agencia Europea para las Necesidades Educativas Especiales y la Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva (2014). <italic>Cinco mensajes clave para la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</italic>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/344VXO9">https://bit.ly/344VXO9</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-2-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ainscow</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2004</year> <article-title>El desarrollo de sistemas educativos inclusivos: &#x00BF;Cu&#x00E1;les son las palancas de cambio?</article-title> <source><italic>Journal of Educational Change</italic></source> <volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue> <fpage>1</fpage><lpage>20</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Ainscow, M. (2004). El desarrollo de sistemas educativos inclusivos: &#x00BF;Cu&#x00E1;les son las palancas de cambio? <italic>Journal of Educational Change, 5</italic>(4), 1-20.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-3-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Arteaga-Mart&#x00ED;nez</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Garc&#x00ED;a</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2008</year> <article-title>La formaci&#x00F3;n de competencias docentes para incorporar estrategias adaptativas en el aula</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Complutense de Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>253</fpage><lpage>274</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3sbGAv9">https://bit.ly/3sbGAv9</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Arteaga-Mart&#x00ED;nez, B., y Garc&#x00ED;a, M. (2008). La formaci&#x00F3;n de competencias docentes para incorporar estrategias adaptativas en el aula. <italic>Revista Complutense de Educaci&#x00F3;n, 19</italic>(2), 253-274. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3sbGAv9">https://bit.ly/3sbGAv9</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-5-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Artiles</surname> <given-names>A. J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Kozleski</surname> <given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2016</year> <article-title>Inclusive education&#x2019;s promises and trajectories: Critical notes about future research on a venerable idea</article-title> <source><italic>Education Policy Analysis Archives</italic></source> <volume>24</volume><issue>43</issue> <fpage>1</fpage><lpage>29</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919">https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Artiles, A. J., &#x0026; Kozleski, E. B. (2016). Inclusive education&#x2019;s promises and trajectories: Critical notes about future research on a venerable idea. <italic>Education Policy Analysis Archives, 24</italic>(43), 1-29. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919">https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-4-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>As&#x00ED;s</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Campoy</surname> <given-names>I.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Bengoechea</surname> <given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2007</year> <chapter-title>Derecho a la igualdad y a la diferencia an&#x00E1;lisis de los principios de no discriminaci&#x00F3;n, diversidad y acci&#x00F3;n positiva</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Lorenzo</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name> <name><surname>P&#x00E9;rez</surname> <given-names>L. C.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Eds.</role> <source><italic>Tratado sobre Discapacidad</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>115</fpage><lpage>141</lpage> <publisher-name>Aranzadi/Thompson</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>As&#x00ED;s, R., Campoy, I., y Bengoechea, M. A. (2007). Derecho a la igualdad y a la diferencia an&#x00E1;lisis de los principios de no discriminaci&#x00F3;n, diversidad y acci&#x00F3;n positiva. En R. Lorenzo y L. C. P&#x00E9;rez (Eds.), <italic>Tratado sobre Discapacidad</italic> (pp. 115-141). Aranzadi/Thompson.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-6-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barbour</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <source><italic>Los grupos de discusi&#x00F3;n en Investigaci&#x00F3;n Cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Morata</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Barbour, R. (2013). <italic>Los grupos de discusi&#x00F3;n en Investigaci&#x00F3;n Cualitativa</italic>. Morata.</mixed-citation></ref> 
    <ref id="ref-68-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Blumberg</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Greenfield</surname> <given-names>W.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>1986</year> <source><italic>The effective principal perspectives on school leadership</italic></source> <comment>2nd Edition</comment> <publisher-name>Allyn and Bacon</publisher-name></element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>Blumberg, A., &#x0026; Greenfield, W. (1986). <italic>The effective principal perspectives on school leadership</italic> (2nd Edition). Allyn and Bacon.</mixed-citation></ref>    
<ref id="ref-7-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bol&#x00ED;var</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>L&#x00F3;pez</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Murillo</surname> <given-names>F. J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <article-title>Liderazgo en las instituciones educativas. Una revisi&#x00F3;n de l&#x00ED;neas de investigaci&#x00F3;n</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Fuentes</italic></source> <volume>14</volume> <fpage>15</fpage><lpage>60</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ARCdtb">https://bit.ly/3ARCdtb</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Bol&#x00ED;var, A., L&#x00F3;pez, J., y Murillo, F. J. (2013). Liderazgo en las instituciones educativas. Una revisi&#x00F3;n de l&#x00ED;neas de investigaci&#x00F3;n. <italic>Revista Fuentes, 14</italic>, 15-60. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ARCdtb">https://bit.ly/3ARCdtb</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-8-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Booth</surname> <given-names>T.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <chapter-title>Manteniendo el futuro con vida; convirtiendo los valores de la inclusi&#x00F3;n en acciones</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Verdugo</surname> <given-names>M. A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Jord&#x00E1;n de Urr&#x00ED;es</surname> <given-names>F. B.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <source><italic>Rompiendo inercias. Claves para avanzar</italic></source> <conf-name>VI Jornadas Cient&#x00ED;ficas de Investigaci&#x00F3;n sobre Personas con Discapacidad</conf-name> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>211</fpage><lpage>217</lpage> <publisher-name>Amar&#x00FA;</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Booth, T. (2006). Manteniendo el futuro con vida; convirtiendo los valores de la inclusi&#x00F3;n en acciones. En M. A. Verdugo, y F. B. Jord&#x00E1;n de Urr&#x00ED;es (Coords.), <italic>Rompiendo inercias. Claves para avanzar. VI Jornadas Cient&#x00ED;ficas de Investigaci&#x00F3;n sobre Personas con Discapacidad</italic> (pp. 211-217). Amar&#x00FA;.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-9-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Booth</surname> <given-names>T.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Ainscow</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2015</year> <source><italic>Gu&#x00ED;a para la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva. Desarrollando el aprendizaje y la participaci&#x00F3;n en los centros escolares</italic></source> <edition>3.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Grafilia</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Booth, T. y Ainscow, M. (2015). <italic>Gu&#x00ED;a para la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva. Desarrollando el aprendizaje y la participaci&#x00F3;n en los centros escolares</italic>. (3.&#x00AA; ed.). Grafilia.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-10-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Brady</surname> <given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2020</year> <article-title>Del docente reflexivo al docente post-personal</article-title> <source><italic>Teor&#x00ED;a de la Educaci&#x00F3;n. Revista Interuniversitaria</italic></source> <volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>55</fpage><lpage>71</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.21438">https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.21438</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Brady, A. M. (2020). Del docente reflexivo al docente post-personal. <italic>Teor&#x00ED;a de la Educaci&#x00F3;n. Revista Interuniversitaria, 32</italic>(1), 55-71. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.21438">https://doi.org/10.14201/teri.21438</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-11-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Braun</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Clarke</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <article-title>Using thematic analysis in psychology</article-title> <source><italic>Qualitative Research in Psychology</italic></source> <volume>3</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>77</fpage><lpage>101</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa">https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Braun, V., &#x0026; Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. <italic>Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3</italic>(2) 77-101. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa">https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-12-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bunch</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2008</year> <article-title>Claves para una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva exitosa. Una mirada desde la experiencia pr&#x00E1;ctica</article-title> <source><italic>Revista de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva</italic></source> <volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>77</fpage><lpage>89</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3L4T2FK">https://bit.ly/3L4T2FK</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Bunch, G. (2008). Claves para una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva exitosa. Una mirada desde la experiencia pr&#x00E1;ctica. <italic>Revista de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva, 1</italic>(1), 77-89. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3L4T2FK">https://bit.ly/3L4T2FK</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-13-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cole</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Engestr&#x00F6;m</surname> <given-names>Y.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2001</year> <chapter-title>Enfoque hist&#x00F3;rico-cultural de la cognici&#x00F3;n distribuida</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Salomon</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Ed.</role> <source><italic>Cogniciones distribuidas. Consideraciones psicol&#x00F3;gicas y educativas</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>23</fpage> <lpage>73</lpage> <publisher-name>Amorrortu</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Cole, M. y Engestr&#x00F6;m, Y. (2001). Enfoque hist&#x00F3;rico-cultural de la cognici&#x00F3;n distribuida. En G. Salomon (Ed.), <italic>Cogniciones distribuidas. Consideraciones psicol&#x00F3;gicas y educativas</italic> (pp. 23-73). Amorrortu.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-14-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Creswell</surname> <given-names>J. W.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <source><italic>Qualitative inquiry and research design. choosing among five approaches</italic></source> <edition>3.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Creswell, J. W. (2013). <italic>Qualitative inquiry and research design. choosing among five approaches</italic> (3.&#x00AA; ed.). Sage.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-15-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denzin</surname> <given-names>N. K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Lincoln</surname> <given-names>Y. S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2012</year> <chapter-title>Introducci&#x00F3;n general. La investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa como disciplina y como pr&#x00E1;ctica</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denzin</surname> <given-names>N. K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Lincoln</surname> <given-names>Y. S.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <source><italic>Manual de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. El campo de la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <volume>vol. 1</volume> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>43</fpage><lpage>102</lpage> <publisher-name>Gedisa</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Denzin, N. K., y Lincoln, Y. S. (2012). Introducci&#x00F3;n general. La investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa como disciplina y como pr&#x00E1;ctica. En N. K. Denzin e Y. S. Lincoln (Coords.), <italic>Manual de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. El campo de la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa (vol. 1)</italic> (pp. 43-102). Gedisa.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-17-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Echeita</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <article-title>Inclusi&#x00F3;n y exclusi&#x00F3;n educativa. De nuevo &#x201C;Voz y quebranto&#x201D;</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>99</fpage><lpage>118</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Echeita, G. (2013). Inclusi&#x00F3;n y exclusi&#x00F3;n educativa. De nuevo &#x201C;Voz y quebranto&#x201D;. <italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n, 11</italic>(2), 99-118.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-18-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Echeita</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Educaci&#x00F3;n para la inclusi&#x00F3;n o educaci&#x00F3;n sin exclusiones</italic></source> <publisher-name>Narcea</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Echeita, G. (2014). <italic>Educaci&#x00F3;n para la inclusi&#x00F3;n o educaci&#x00F3;n sin exclusiones</italic>. Narcea.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-19-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Echeita</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Mu&#x00F1;oz</surname> <given-names>Y.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Sandoval Mena</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Sim&#x00F3;n Rueda</surname> <given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <article-title>Reflexionando en voz alta sobre el sentido y algunos saberes proporcionados por la investigaci&#x00F3;n en el &#x00E1;mbito de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Latinoamericana de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva</italic></source> <volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>25</fpage><lpage>48</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Echeita, G., Mu&#x00F1;oz, Y., Sandoval Mena, M., y Sim&#x00F3;n Rueda, C. (2014). Reflexionando en voz alta sobre el sentido y algunos saberes proporcionados por la investigaci&#x00F3;n en el &#x00E1;mbito de la educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva. <italic>Revista Latinoamericana de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva, 8</italic>(2), 25-48.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-16-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ehrich</surname> <given-names>L. C.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Carrington</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year> <chapter-title>Making sense of ethical leadership</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Harris</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Carrington</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Ainscow</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Eds.</role> <source><italic>Promoting equity in schools. Collaboration, Inquire and Ethical Leadership</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>30</fpage><lpage>44</lpage> <publisher-name>Routledge</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105659-8">https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105659-8</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Ehrich, L. C., &#x0026; Carrington, S. (2018). Making sense of ethical leadership. En J. Harris, S. Carrington y M. Ainscow (Eds.), <italic>Promoting equity in schools. Collaboration, Inquire and Ethical Leadership</italic> (pp. 30-44). Routledge. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105659-8">https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315105659-8</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-20-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Batanero</surname> <given-names>J. M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <article-title>Competencias docentes y educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica de Investigaci&#x00F3;n Educativa</italic></source> <volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>82</fpage><lpage>99</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3upvrto">https://bit.ly/3upvrto</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Fern&#x00E1;ndez-Batanero, J. M. (2013). Competencias docentes y educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva. <italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica de Investigaci&#x00F3;n Educativa, 15</italic>(2), 82-99. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3upvrto">https://bit.ly/3upvrto</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-21-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fern&#x00E1;ndez Bl&#x00E1;zquez</surname> <given-names>M. L.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Echeita Sarrionandia</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year> <article-title>Un departamento de Orientaci&#x00F3;n singular en un Centro Educativo que tiene la colaboraci&#x00F3;n como se&#x00F1;a de identidad</article-title> <source><italic>Profesorado: Revista de Curriculum y Formaci&#x00F3;n del Profesorado</italic></source> <volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>161</fpage><lpage>183</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Fern&#x00E1;ndez Bl&#x00E1;zquez, M. L. y Echeita Sarrionandia, G. (2018). Un departamento de Orientaci&#x00F3;n singular en un Centro Educativo que tiene la colaboraci&#x00F3;n como se&#x00F1;a de identidad. <italic>Profesorado: Revista de Curriculum y Formaci&#x00F3;n del Profesorado, 22</italic>(2), 161-183.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-22-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Flick</surname> <given-names>U.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2015</year> <source><italic>El dise&#x00F1;o de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Morata</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Flick, U. (2015). <italic>El dise&#x00F1;o de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic>. Morata.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-23-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Flick</surname> <given-names>U.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <source><italic>The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis</italic></source> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Flick, U. (2013). <italic>The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis</italic>. Sage. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-24-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Florian</surname> <given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <chapter-title>Reimagining Special Education: Why New Approaches are Needed</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Florian</surname> <given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Ed.</role> <source><italic>The SAGE Handbook of Special Education</italic></source> <volume>vol. 1</volume> <edition>2.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>9</fpage><lpage>23</lpage> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n3">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n3</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Florian, L. (2014). Reimagining Special Education: Why New Approaches are Needed. En L. Florian (Ed.), <italic>The SAGE Handbook of Special Education (vol. 1)</italic>. (2.&#x00AA; ed.) (pp. 9-23). Sage. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n3">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n3</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-26-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Freire</surname> <given-names>P.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <source><italic>Pedagog&#x00ED;a de la autonom&#x00ED;a</italic></source> <edition>11.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Siglo XXI</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Freire, P. (2009). <italic>Pedagog&#x00ED;a de la autonom&#x00ED;a</italic> (11.&#x00AA; ed.). Siglo XXI.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-25-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Friese</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2019</year> <source><italic>Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS. ti</italic></source> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Friese, S. (2019). <italic>Qualitative data analysis with ATLAS. ti</italic>. Sage.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-27-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fullan</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2002</year> <source><italic>Los nuevos significados del cambio en educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <publisher-name>Octaedro</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Fullan, M. (2002). <italic>Los nuevos significados del cambio en educaci&#x00F3;n</italic>. Octaedro.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-29-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gehrig</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Palacios</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Gu&#x00ED;a de criterios b&#x00E1;sicos de calidad en la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Servicio de publicaciones UCAM</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Gehrig, R., y Palacios, J. (Coords.). (2014). <italic>Gu&#x00ED;a de criterios b&#x00E1;sicos de calidad en la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic>. Servicio de publicaciones UCAM.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-30-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gergen</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2015</year> <source><italic>El ser relacional. M&#x00E1;s all&#x00E1; del Yo y de la Comunidad</italic></source> <publisher-name>Descl&#x00E9;e de Brouwer</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Gergen, K. (2015). <italic>El ser relacional. M&#x00E1;s all&#x00E1; del Yo y de la Comunidad</italic>. Descl&#x00E9;e de Brouwer.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-28-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gibbs</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2012</year> <source><italic>El an&#x00E1;lisis de datos en investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Morata</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Gibbs, G. (2012). <italic>El an&#x00E1;lisis de datos en investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic>. Morata.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-31-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>G&#x00F6;ransson</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Nilholm</surname> <given-names>C.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <article-title>Conceptual diversities and empirical shortcomings- a critical analysis of research on inclusive education</article-title> <source><italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education</italic></source> <volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>265</fpage><lpage>280</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933545">https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933545</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>G&#x00F6;ransson, K., &#x0026; Nilholm C. (2014). Conceptual diversities and empirical shortcomings- a critical analysis of research on inclusive education. <italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education, 29</italic>(3), 265-280. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933545">https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.933545</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-33-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hakala</surname> <given-names>J. T.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Leivo</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year> <article-title>Tensions in the New Millennium: Inclusion Ideology and Education Policy in the Finnish Comprehensive School</article-title> <source><italic>Journal of Education and Learning</italic></source> <volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>287</fpage><lpage>298</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p287">https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p287</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Hakala, J. T., &#x0026; Leivo, M. (2017). Tensions in the New Millennium: Inclusion Ideology and Education Policy in the Finnish Comprehensive School. <italic>Journal of Education and Learning, 6</italic>(3), 287-298. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p287">https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n3p287</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-32-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hart</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Drummond</surname> <given-names>M. J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <chapter-title>Learning Without Limits: Constructing a Pedagogy Free from Determinist Beliefs about Ability</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Florian</surname> <given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Ed.</role> <source><italic>The SAGE Handbook of Special Education</italic></source> <edition>2.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>439</fpage><lpage>458</lpage> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n28">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n28</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Hart, S., &#x0026; Drummond, M. J. (2014). Learning Without Limits: Constructing a Pedagogy Free from Determinist Beliefs about Ability. En L. Florian (Ed.), <italic>The SAGE Handbook of Special Education</italic>. (2.&#x00AA; ed.) (pp. 439-458). Sage. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n28">https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446282236.n28</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-34-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Korsgaard</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Larsen</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Wiberg</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year> <article-title>Thinking and researching inclusive education without a banister-visiting, listening and tact as a foundation for collective research on inclusive education</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue> <fpage>496</fpage><lpage>512</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1469680">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1469680</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Korsgaard, M., Larsen, V., &#x0026; Wiberg, M. (2018). Thinking and researching inclusive education without a banister-visiting, listening and tact as a foundation for collective research on inclusive education. <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24</italic>(5), 496-512, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1469680">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1469680</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-35-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kvale</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2011</year> <source><italic>Las entrevistas en Investigaci&#x00F3;n Cualitativa</italic></source> <publisher-name>Morata</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Kvale, S. (2011). <italic>Las entrevistas en Investigaci&#x00F3;n Cualitativa</italic>. Morata.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-37-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;n</surname> <given-names>E.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Cervi</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <chapter-title>Modelos de formaci&#x00F3;n docente para el cambio de concepciones en los profesores</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Scheuer</surname> <given-names>N.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Pozo</surname> <given-names>J. I.</given-names></name> <name><surname>del P&#x00E9;rez Echeverr&#x00ED;a</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Mateos</surname> <given-names>M. M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;n</surname> <given-names>E.</given-names></name> <name><surname>de la Cruz</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <source><italic>Nuevas formas de pensar el aprendizaje y la ense&#x00F1;anza. Concepciones de profesores y alumnos</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>420</fpage><lpage>434</lpage> <publisher-name>Gra&#x00F3;</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Mart&#x00ED;n, E., y Cervi. J. (2006). Modelos de formaci&#x00F3;n docente para el cambio de concepciones en los profesores. En N. Scheuer, J. I. Pozo, M. del P&#x00E9;rez Echeverr&#x00ED;a, M. M. Mateos, E. Mart&#x00ED;n y M. de la Cruz (Coords.), <italic>Nuevas formas de pensar el aprendizaje y la ense&#x00F1;anza. Concepciones de profesores y alumnos</italic> (pp. 420-434). Gra&#x00F3;.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-38-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;n</surname> <given-names>E.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Marchesi</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Calidad de la ense&#x00F1;anza en tiempos de crisis</italic></source> <publisher-name>Alianza</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Mart&#x00ED;n, E. y Marchesi, A. (2014). <italic>Calidad de la ense&#x00F1;anza en tiempos de crisis</italic>. Alianza.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-36-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;nez</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <article-title>La investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa (s&#x00ED;ntesis conceptual)</article-title> <source><italic>Revista de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Psicolog&#x00ED;a</italic></source> <volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>123</fpage><lpage>146</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Mart&#x00ED;nez, M. (2006). La investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa (s&#x00ED;ntesis conceptual). <italic>Revista de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Psicolog&#x00ED;a, 9</italic>(1), 123-146.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-40-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Messiou</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2016</year> <article-title>Research in the field of inclusive education: time for a rethink?</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>146</fpage><lpage>159</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1223184/">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1223184/</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Messiou, K. (2016). Research in the field of inclusive education: time for a rethink? <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 21</italic>(2), 146-159. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1223184/">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2016.1223184/</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-41-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Messiou</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Ainscow</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2020</year> <article-title>Inclusive Inquiry: student-teacher dialogue as a means of promoting inclusion in schools</article-title> <source><italic>British Educational Research Journal</italic></source> <volume>46</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>670</fpage><lpage>687</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602">https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Messiou, K., &#x0026; Ainscow, M. (2020). Inclusive Inquiry: student-teacher dialogue as a means of promoting inclusion in schools. <italic>British Educational Research Journal, 46</italic>(3), 670-687. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602">https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-39-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Miles</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Huberman</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Salda&#x00F1;a</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <source><italic>Qualitative data analysis. A methods Sourcebook</italic></source> <edition>3.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>SAGE</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Miles, M., Huberman, M., &#x0026; Salda&#x00F1;a, J. (2014). <italic>Qualitative data analysis. A methods Sourcebook</italic>. (3.&#x00AA; ed.). SAGE.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-42-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Morin</surname> <given-names>E.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <source><italic>La mente bien ordenada: repensar la reforma, reformar el pensamiento</italic></source> <edition>6.&#x00AA; ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Seix Barral</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Morin, E. (2006). <italic>La mente bien ordenada: repensar la reforma, reformar el pensamiento</italic>. (6.&#x00AA; ed.). Seix Barral.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-43-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mu&#x00F1;oz</surname> <given-names>Y.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Porter</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2020</year> <article-title>Planning for all students: promoting inclusive instruction</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>24</volume><issue>14</issue> <fpage>1552</fpage><lpage>1567</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1544301">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1544301</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Mu&#x00F1;oz, Y., &#x0026; Porter, G. (2020). Planning for all students: promoting inclusive instruction, <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24</italic>(14), 1552-1567. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1544301">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1544301</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-44-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murillo</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2006</year> <article-title>Direcci&#x00F3;n escolar para el cambio: Del liderazgo transformacional al liderazgo distribuido</article-title> <source><italic>REICE: Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue> <fpage>11</fpage><lpage>24</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3sSyMPo">https://bit.ly/3sSyMPo</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Murillo, J. (2006). Direcci&#x00F3;n escolar para el cambio: Del liderazgo transformacional al liderazgo distribuido. <italic>REICE: Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n, 4</italic>(4), 11-24. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3sSyMPo">https://bit.ly/3sSyMPo</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-45-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murillo</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Krichesky</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2012</year> <article-title>El Proceso del Cambio Escolar. Una Gu&#x00ED;a para Impulsar y Sostener la Mejora de las Escuelas</article-title> <source><italic>REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>26</fpage><lpage>43</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://revistas.uam.es/index.php/reice/article/view/3072">https://revistas.uam.es/index.php/reice/article/view/3072</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Murillo, J., y Krichesky, G. (2012). El Proceso del Cambio Escolar. Una Gu&#x00ED;a para Impulsar y Sostener la Mejora de las Escuelas. <italic>REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educaci&#x00F3;n, 10</italic>(1), 26-43. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://revistas.uam.es/index.php/reice/article/view/3072">https://revistas.uam.es/index.php/reice/article/view/3072</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-46-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murillo</surname> <given-names>F. J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Krichesky</surname> <given-names>G.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Castro</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Hern&#x00E1;ndez</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2010</year> <article-title>Liderazgo para la inclusi&#x00F3;n escolar y la justicia social. Aportaciones de la investigaci&#x00F3;n</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Latinoamericana de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva</italic></source> <volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>169</fpage><lpage>186</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ISPX9G">https://bit.ly/3ISPX9G</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Murillo, F. J., Krichesky, G., Castro, A., y Hern&#x00E1;ndez, R. (2010). Liderazgo para la inclusi&#x00F3;n escolar y la justicia social. Aportaciones de la investigaci&#x00F3;n<italic>. Revista Latinoamericana de Educaci&#x00F3;n Inclusiva, 4</italic>(1), 169-186. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ISPX9G">https://bit.ly/3ISPX9G</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-47-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nairaian</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Schlessinger</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year> <article-title>When theory meets the &#x201C;reality of reality&#x201D;: Reviewing the sufficiency of the social model of disability as a foundation for teacher preparation for inclusive education</article-title> <source><italic>Teacher Education Quarterly</italic></source> <volume>44</volume><issue>1</issue> <fpage>81</fpage><lpage>100</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/90003619?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents/">https://www.jstor.org/stable/90003619?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents/</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Nairaian, S., &#x0026; Schlessinger, S. (2017). When theory meets the &#x201C;reality of reality&#x201D;: Reviewing the sufficiency of the social model of disability as a foundation for teacher preparation for inclusive education. <italic>Teacher Education Quarterly, 44</italic>(1), 81-100. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/90003619?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents/">https://www.jstor.org/stable/90003619?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents/</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-48-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nilholm</surname> <given-names>C.</given-names></name> <name><surname>G&#x00F6;ransson</surname> <given-names>K.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year> <article-title>What is meant by inclusion? An analysis of European and North American journal articles with high impact</article-title> <source><italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education</italic></source> <volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>437</fpage><lpage>451</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1295638">https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1295638</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Nilholm, C., &#x0026; G&#x00F6;ransson, K. (2017). What is meant by inclusion? An analysis of European and North American journal articles with high impact. <italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education, 32</italic>(3), 437-451 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1295638">https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1295638</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-49-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Norwich</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <article-title>Dilemmas of difference, inclusion, and disability: international perspective placement</article-title> <source><italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education</italic></source> <volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue> <fpage>287</fpage><lpage>304</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Norwich, B. (2009). Dilemmas of difference, inclusion, and disability: international perspective placement. <italic>European Journal of Special Needs Education, 23</italic>(4), 287-304.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-50-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Norwich</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2014</year> <article-title>Changing policy and legislation and its effects on inclusive and special education: a perspective from England</article-title> <source><italic>British Journal of Special Education</italic></source> <volume>41</volume><issue>4</issue> <fpage>403</fpage><lpage>425</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12079">https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12079</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Norwich, B. (2014). Changing policy and legislation and its effects on inclusive and special education: a perspective from England. <italic>British Journal of Special Education, 41</italic>(4), 403-425 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12079">https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12079</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-51-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Parrilla</surname> <given-names>A.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Susinos</surname> <given-names>T.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Gallego-Vega</surname> <given-names>C.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Mart&#x00ED;nez</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2017</year> <article-title>Revisando cr&#x00ED;ticamente c&#x00F3;mo investigamos en educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva: cuatro proyectos con un enfoque educativo y social</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Interuniversitaria de Formaci&#x00F3;n del Profesorado</italic></source> <volume>89</volume> <fpage>145</fpage><lpage>156</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3IY1hkZ">https://bit.ly/3IY1hkZ</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Parrilla, A., Susinos, T., Gallego-Vega, C., y Mart&#x00ED;nez, B. (2017). Revisando cr&#x00ED;ticamente c&#x00F3;mo investigamos en educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva: cuatro proyectos con un enfoque educativo y social. <italic>Revista Interuniversitaria de Formaci&#x00F3;n del Profesorado, 89</italic>, 145-156. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3IY1hkZ">https://bit.ly/3IY1hkZ</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-52-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pennac</surname> <given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2008</year> <source><italic>Mal de escuela</italic></source> <publisher-name>Random House</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Pennac, D. (2008). <italic>Mal de escuela</italic>. Random House.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-53-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Powell</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Edelstein</surname> <given-names>B.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Blanck</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2015</year> <article-title>Awareness-raising, legitimation, or backlash? Effects of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on education systems in Germany</article-title> <source><italic>Globalisation, Societies and Education</italic></source> <volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue> <fpage>227</fpage><lpage>250</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.982076">https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.982076</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Powell, J., Edelstein, B., &#x0026; Blanck, J. (2015). Awareness-raising, legitimation, or backlash? Effects of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on education systems in Germany. <italic>Globalisation, Societies and Education, 14</italic>(2), 227-250 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.982076">https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.982076</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-54-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Puig</surname> <given-names>J. M.&#x00AA;</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2012</year> <chapter-title>La cultura moral como sistema de pr&#x00E1;cticas y mundo de valores</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Puig</surname> <given-names>J. M.&#x00AA;</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coord.</role> <source><italic>Cultura moral y educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <comment>pp</comment> <fpage>87</fpage><lpage>105</lpage> <publisher-name>Gra&#x00F3;</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Puig, J. M.&#x00AA; (2012). La cultura moral como sistema de pr&#x00E1;cticas y mundo de valores. En J. M.&#x00AA; Puig (Coord.), <italic>Cultura moral y educaci&#x00F3;n</italic> (pp. 87-105). Gra&#x00F3;.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-55-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sapon-Shevin</surname> <given-names>M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <article-title>La inclusi&#x00F3;n real: Una perspectiva de justicia social [Versi&#x00F3;n en castellano]</article-title> <source><italic>Revista de investigaci&#x00F3;n en Educaci&#x00F3;n</italic></source> <volume>11</volume> <issue>3</issue> <fpage>71</fpage><lpage>85</lpage></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Sapon-Shevin, M. (2013). La inclusi&#x00F3;n real: Una perspectiva de justicia social [Versi&#x00F3;n en castellano]. <italic>Revista de investigaci&#x00F3;n en Educaci&#x00F3;n, 11</italic> (3), 71-85.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-59-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schlessinger</surname> <given-names>S.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2018</year> <article-title>Reclaiming teacher intellectualism through and for inclusive education</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue> <fpage>268</fpage><lpage>284</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1362598">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1362598</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Schlessinger, S. (2018). Reclaiming teacher intellectualism through and for inclusive education, <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22</italic>(3), 268-284 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1362598">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2017.1362598</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-56-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sch&#x00F6;n</surname> <given-names>D.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>1992</year> <source><italic>La formaci&#x00F3;n de profesionales reflexivos. Hacia un nuevo dise&#x00F1;o de la ense&#x00F1;anza y el aprendizaje en las profesiones</italic></source> <publisher-name>Paid&#x00F3;s/MEC</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Sch&#x00F6;n, D. (1992). <italic>La formaci&#x00F3;n de profesionales reflexivos. Hacia un nuevo dise&#x00F1;o de la ense&#x00F1;anza y el aprendizaje en las profesiones</italic>. Paid&#x00F3;s/MEC.</mixed-citation></ref>
    <ref id="ref-70-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Senge</surname> <given-names>P.M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>1989</year> <source><italic>The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation</italic></source> <publisher-name>Century</publisher-name></element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>Senge, P.M. (1989). <italic>The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation</italic>. Century.</mixed-citation></ref>
    <ref id="ref-69-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Skrtic</surname> <given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>1991</year> <article-title>The special education paradox: Equity as the way to excellence</article-title> <source><italic>Harvard Educational Review</italic></source> <volume>61</volume> <issue>2</issue> <fpage>148</fpage><lpage>206</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.2.0q702751580h0617">https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.2.0q702751580h0617</ext-link></element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>Skrtic, T. M. (1991). The special education paradox: Equity as the way to excellence. <italic>Harvard Educational Review, 61</italic>(2), 148-206. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.2.0q702751580h0617">https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.2.0q702751580h0617</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-58-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Slee</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2019</year> <article-title>Belonging in an age of exclusion</article-title> <source><italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education</italic></source> <volume>23</volume><issue>9</issue> <fpage>909</fpage><lpage>922</lpage> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1602366">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1602366</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Slee, R. (2019) Belonging in an age of exclusion. <italic>International Journal of Inclusive Education, 23</italic>(9) 909-922 <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1602366">https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1602366</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-57-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stake</surname> <given-names>R.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2013</year> <chapter-title>Estudio de casos cualitativos</chapter-title> <comment>En</comment> <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denzin</surname> <given-names>N. K.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Lincoln</surname> <given-names>Y. S.</given-names></name></person-group> <role>Coords.</role> <source><italic>Manual de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. Las estrategias de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</italic></source> <volume>vol. 3</volume> <fpage>43</fpage><lpage>102</lpage> <publisher-name>Gedisa</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Stake, R. (2013). Estudio de casos cualitativos. En N. K. Denzin e Y. S. Lincoln (Coords.), <italic>Manual de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. Las estrategias de investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa (vol. 3)</italic>, (43-102). Gedisa.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-60-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tyack</surname> <given-names>D.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Cuban</surname> <given-names>L.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2001</year> <source><italic>En Busca de la Utop&#x00ED;a: un siglo de reformas en las escuelas p&#x00FA;blicas</italic></source> <publisher-name>FCE</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Tyack, D., y Cuban, L. (2001). <italic>En Busca de la Utop&#x00ED;a: un siglo de reformas en las escuelas p&#x00FA;blicas</italic>. FCE.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-61-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>UNESCO</collab></person-group> <year>2020</year> <source><italic>Towards inclusion in education: status, trends and challenges: the UNESCO Salamanca Statement 25 years on</italic></source> <publisher-name>UNESCO</publisher-name> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374246/">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374246/</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>UNESCO. (2020). <italic>Towards inclusion in education: status, trends and challenges: the UNESCO Salamanca Statement 25 years on</italic>. UNESCO. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374246/">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000374246/</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-62-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>UNESCO</collab></person-group> <year>2015</year> <source><italic>Educaci&#x00F3;n 2030. Declaraci&#x00F3;n de Incheon y Marco de Acci&#x00F3;n. Hacia una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida para todos</italic></source> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/ESP-Marco-de-Accion-E2030-aprobado.pdf/">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/ESP-Marco-de-Accion-E2030-aprobado.pdf/</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>UNESCO. (2015). <italic>Educaci&#x00F3;n 2030. Declaraci&#x00F3;n de Incheon y Marco de Acci&#x00F3;n. Hacia una educaci&#x00F3;n inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida para todos</italic>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/ESP-Marco-de-Accion-E2030-aprobado.pdf/">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Santiago/pdf/ESP-Marco-de-Accion-E2030-aprobado.pdf/</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-63-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>United Nations (UN)</collab></person-group> <year>2006</year> <chapter-title>Convenci&#x00F3;n de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad</chapter-title> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf">https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>United Nations (UN). (2006). Convenci&#x00F3;n de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf">https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/documents/tccconvs.pdf</ext-link>.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-64-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vasilachis de Gialdino</surname> <given-names>I.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <article-title>Los fundamentos ontol&#x00F3;gicos y epistemol&#x00F3;gicos de la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa</article-title> <source><italic>Forum: Qualitative Social Research</italic></source> <volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue> <comment>Art. 30</comment> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ojPTrS">https://bit.ly/3ojPTrS</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Vasilachis de Gialdino, I. (2009). Los fundamentos ontol&#x00F3;gicos y epistemol&#x00F3;gicos de la investigaci&#x00F3;n cualitativa. <italic>Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 10</italic>(2), Art. 30. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3ojPTrS">https://bit.ly/3ojPTrS</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-65-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>V&#x00E1;zquez</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <source><italic>La educaci&#x00F3;n y la &#x00E9;tica del cuidado en el pensamiento de Nel Noddings</italic></source> <comment>Tesis doctoral</comment> <publisher-name>Universitat de Val&#x00E8;ncia, Facultad de Filosof&#x00ED;a y Ciencias de la Educaci&#x00F3;n</publisher-name> <publisher-loc>Espa&#x00F1;a</publisher-loc> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3gm1D8V">https://bit.ly/3gm1D8V</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>V&#x00E1;zquez, V. (2009). <italic>La educaci&#x00F3;n y la &#x00E9;tica del cuidado en el pensamiento de Nel Noddings</italic>. (Tesis doctoral), Universitat de Val&#x00E8;ncia, Facultad de Filosof&#x00ED;a y Ciencias de la Educaci&#x00F3;n, Espa&#x00F1;a. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/3gm1D8V">https://bit.ly/3gm1D8V</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-66-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>V&#x00E1;zquez</surname> <given-names>V.</given-names></name> <name><surname>Esc&#x00E1;mez</surname> <given-names>J.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2010</year> <article-title>La profesi&#x00F3;n docente y la &#x00E9;tica del cuidado</article-title> <source><italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica de Investigaci&#x00F3;n Educativa</italic></source> <volume>12</volume><issue>especial</issue> <fpage>1</fpage><lpage>17</lpage> <comment>En</comment> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/34djLzl">https://bit.ly/34djLzl</ext-link></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>V&#x00E1;zquez, V., y Esc&#x00E1;mez, J. (2010). La profesi&#x00F3;n docente y la &#x00E9;tica del cuidado. <italic>Revista Electr&#x00F3;nica de Investigaci&#x00F3;n Educativa, 12</italic>(especial), 1-17. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bit.ly/34djLzl">https://bit.ly/34djLzl</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="ref-67-27699-Eng"><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yin</surname> <given-names>R. K.</given-names></name></person-group> <year>2009</year> <source><italic>Case study research: Design and methods</italic></source> <edition>4.&#x00AA; Ed.</edition> <publisher-name>Sage</publisher-name></element-citation>
<mixed-citation>Yin, R. K. (2009). <italic>Case study research: Design and methods</italic>. (4.&#x00AA; Ed.). Sage.</mixed-citation></ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>
