We are what we hear: metaphors in contemporary Spanish and English commercial hits
Resumen Los mensajes subliminales que transmiten las metáforas en las canciones pueden influir en la formación del pensamiento crítico de nuestros jóvenes que posteriormente se verá reflejado en su personalidad. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el discurso de los compositores de canciones comerciales contemporáneas, y ver qué valores les inculcan a las metáforas. Se han identificado 452 composiciones metafóricas en las canciones más populares tanto en español como en inglés, las cuáles han sido analizadas siguiendo el parámetro de los seis temas más recurrentes: amor, sexualidad, felicidad, ambición, locura y violencia. Los resultados del análisis del discurso indican que las metáforas son culturales y refuerza la idea de diferentes corrientes de pensamiento a ambos lados del Atlántico. Asimismo, muestran que componer canciones sexualmente provocativas y socialmente controvertidas es una estrategia de marketing que funciona; por lo que nuestros jóvenes están constantemente expuestos a estos tipos de mensajes.
- Referencias
- Cómo citar
- Del mismo autor
- Métricas
Areerasada, M. & Tapinta, P. (2015). Feminism through Figurative Language in Contemporary American Songs of Leading Contemporary Feminist Music Icons. Suranaree J.Social Sciences, 9(2), 1-21.
Arias-Patiño, H. (n.d.). Canción y duelo. La canción de amor dentro de una cultura del duelo analizada a través de la metáfora discursiva. Accessed 9th March 2020. https://scholar.google.es/scholar?hl=es&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=canci%C3%B3n+y+duelo+de+henry+arias+pati%C3%B1o&btnG=&oq=canci%C3%B3n+y+duelo+de+henry+arias+pati%C3%B1 .
Bauman, Z. (2001). The Individualized Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Benedek, M., Beaty, R., Jauk, M., Koschutnig, K., Fink, A., Silvia, P.J. et al. (2014). Creating metaphors: The neural basis of figurative language production. NeuroImage, 90, 99–106. Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.046.
Birdsell, B. J. (2018). Conceptual wandering and novelty seeking: Creative metaphor production in an L1 and L2. Journal of Cognitive Science, 19, 35–67. Accessed 25 September 2019. https://doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2018.19.1.1.
Bywater, I. (1920). Aristotle on the art of poetry. New York: Oxford University Press. Accessed 17 April 2020. https://archive.org/details/aristotleonartofOOOOaris.
Caballero, R. (2014). Thinking, drawing and writing architecture through metaphor. Ibérica, 28, 155–180.
Campbell, J. (2016). Talking about happiness: interview research and well-being. Composition Forum, 34.
Castaño, E. (2020). Discourse analysis as a tool for uncovering the lived experience of dementia: Metaphor framing and well-being in early-onset dementia narratives. Discourse and Communication, 14(2), 115-132. Accessed 9 March 2020. https://doi:10.1177/150481319890385journals.sagepub.com/home/dcm.
Coskun, Y. (2017). Values within the context of postmodernity and their roles in happiness: a research on university students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(12), 2331-2340.
De Souza Tamburini, M. & Dos Santos de Jesús, T.A. (n.d.). Un estudio semántico de las metáforas lingüísticas en la canción Rabiosa, de Shakira. In: Universidade Federal do Maranhao (ed Ele-Usal), El Salvador.
Duffey, T., Somody, K. & Eckstein, D. (2009). Musical relationship metaphors: A Musical Chronology and The Emerging Life Song with Couples. The Family Journal, 17, 151-155. Accessed 13 March 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480709332714.
Erozkan, A., Dogan, U. & Adiguzel, A. (2016). Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and subjective happiness of Teacher candidates at the pedagogical formation certificate program. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(8), 72-82.
García-Olivares, A. (2007). Metáforas del saber popular (III): el amor en el tango. Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales, 23, 139-179.
Harmon, L. (2012). Bob Dylan on Lennie Bruce: more of an outlaw than you ever were. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 38, 1287-1303.
Hidalgo-Downing, L. (2020). Towards an integrated framework for the analysis of metaphor and creativity in discourse. In L. Hidalgo-Downing & B. Kraljevic-Mujic (Eds.), Performing Metaphoric Creativity across Modes and Contexts. Figurative Thought and Language (pp. 1-18). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Hidalgo-Downing, L. & Filardo-Llamas, L. (2020). Metaphor and creativity in lyrics and performances of three songs by U2. In L. Hidalgo-Downing & B. Kraljevic-Mujic (Eds.), Performing Metaphoric Creativity across Modes and Contexts. Figurative Thought and Language (pp. 71-96). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Ibad, F. (2020, January 30). Promoting Intercultural Communication. Research Gate, pp. 1-16. Accessed 30 January 2020. https://doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.31670.65602.
Illescas, J.E. (2015). La dictadura del videoclip: industria musical y sueños prefabricados. Intervención Cultural.
Kövecses, Z. (2010). A new look at metaphorical creativity in cognitive linguistics. Cognitive Linguistics, 21(4), 655–689. Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2010.021.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Lehtonen, K. (2005). Music as a possibility of chance – healing metaphors in music. Music Therapy Today, 6(3), 356-374.
Lengelle, R., Meijers, F. & Hughes, D. (2016). Creative writing for life design: Reflexivity, metaphor and change processes through narrative. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 97, 60–67. Available at: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/81419 (accessed 3 October 2019).
Lundmark, C. (2019). The Creative Use of Idioms in Advertising. Nordic Journal of English Studies, 5, 71-98. Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi.org/10.35360/njes.48.
Manabe, N. (2006). Lovers and Rulers, the Real and the Surreal: Harmonic Metaphors in Silvio Rodríguez´s Songs. Revista Transcultural de Música, (10). Accessed 13 March 2020. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=82201013.
Márquez-Reiter, R. & Hidalgo-Downing, R. (2020). Intercultural communication in a globalized world. In Handbook of Spanish Pragmatics (pp. 305-320). Routledge.
Martín-Rojo, L. & Márquez-Reiter, R. (2019). Language surveillance: Pressure to follow local models of speakerhood among Lantinx students in Madrid. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 257, 17-48.
Musolff, A. (2012). The study of metaphor as part of critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies, 9 (3), 301-310. Accessed 7 May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2012.688300.
Musolff, A. (2019). Creativity in metaphor interpretation. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 23(1), 23–39. Accessed 26 September 2019. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-9182-2019-23-1-23-39.
Myers, D.G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55, 56– 67.
Ngamjitwongsakul, P. (2005). Love Metaphors in Modern Thai Songs. MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, 8(2), 14-29. Accessed 13 March 2020. https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00802002.
Nettle, D. (2005). Happiness: the Science Behind your Smile. New York: Oxford University Press.
Paprotté, W. & Dirven, R. (1985). The Ubiquity of Metaphor. Metaphor in Language and Thought. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamin´s Publishing Company.
Okonski, L., Gibbs, R. W. & Chen, E. (2020). Metaphor in multimodal creativity. In L. Hidalgo-Downing & B. Kraljevic-Mujic (Eds.), Performing Metaphoric Creativity across Modes and Contexts. Figurative Thought and Language (pp. 19-42 ). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Sal Paz, J.C. (2009). Acerca de la metáfora como recurso de creación lexica en el contexto digital. Algunas reflexiones. Tonos Digital, (18).
Sánchez-Vizcaíno, M.C. & Fonseca-Mora, M.C. (2019). Videoclip y emociones en el aprendizaje de Español como Lengua Extranjera. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a La Comunicación, 78, 255–286.
Sánchez-Vizcaíno, M.C. & Fonseca-Mora, M.C. (2020). Mediación y pensamiento crítico en el aprendizaje de lenguas: el análisis de videoclips musicales. Revista de Estudios Socioeducativas, 8.
Seligman, M. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfilment. New York: Free Press.
Silvia, P.J. & Beaty, R.E. (2012). Making creative metaphors: The importance of fluid intelligence for creative thought. Intelligence (pp. 1-9). Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi:10.1016/j.intell.2012.02.005.
Soriano-Salinas, C. (2003). The conceptualization of anger in English and Spanish. A Cognitive Approach. Dissertation Thesis, Universidad de Murcia, Spain.
Sulistiyawati, A. (2016). Metaphor contribution toward theme development on Sara Bareilles´ songs. A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis, Faculty of English Letters, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Urquidi, A. (2015). Meaning construction in creative metaphors: Conventional meaning integration through generic interfacing in a blend, and conditions of propagation and lexicalization. Catalan Journal of Linguistics, 14, 219-237. Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.166.
Vaitonyté, J. & Korostenskiené, J. (2015). Feminine Imagery in Contemporary American Pop Songs: A contrastive Analysis. Sustainable Multilingualism, 6. Accessed 9 March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.6.6.
Vidyullatha, T. (2019). Classroom implication in Indian context. Language, Society and other issues with special reference to English. Research Gate, pp. 25-29. Accessed 6 July 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334273193.
Arias-Patiño, H. (n.d.). Canción y duelo. La canción de amor dentro de una cultura del duelo analizada a través de la metáfora discursiva. Accessed 9th March 2020. https://scholar.google.es/scholar?hl=es&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=canci%C3%B3n+y+duelo+de+henry+arias+pati%C3%B1o&btnG=&oq=canci%C3%B3n+y+duelo+de+henry+arias+pati%C3%B1 .
Bauman, Z. (2001). The Individualized Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Benedek, M., Beaty, R., Jauk, M., Koschutnig, K., Fink, A., Silvia, P.J. et al. (2014). Creating metaphors: The neural basis of figurative language production. NeuroImage, 90, 99–106. Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.046.
Birdsell, B. J. (2018). Conceptual wandering and novelty seeking: Creative metaphor production in an L1 and L2. Journal of Cognitive Science, 19, 35–67. Accessed 25 September 2019. https://doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2018.19.1.1.
Bywater, I. (1920). Aristotle on the art of poetry. New York: Oxford University Press. Accessed 17 April 2020. https://archive.org/details/aristotleonartofOOOOaris.
Caballero, R. (2014). Thinking, drawing and writing architecture through metaphor. Ibérica, 28, 155–180.
Campbell, J. (2016). Talking about happiness: interview research and well-being. Composition Forum, 34.
Castaño, E. (2020). Discourse analysis as a tool for uncovering the lived experience of dementia: Metaphor framing and well-being in early-onset dementia narratives. Discourse and Communication, 14(2), 115-132. Accessed 9 March 2020. https://doi:10.1177/150481319890385journals.sagepub.com/home/dcm.
Coskun, Y. (2017). Values within the context of postmodernity and their roles in happiness: a research on university students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(12), 2331-2340.
De Souza Tamburini, M. & Dos Santos de Jesús, T.A. (n.d.). Un estudio semántico de las metáforas lingüísticas en la canción Rabiosa, de Shakira. In: Universidade Federal do Maranhao (ed Ele-Usal), El Salvador.
Duffey, T., Somody, K. & Eckstein, D. (2009). Musical relationship metaphors: A Musical Chronology and The Emerging Life Song with Couples. The Family Journal, 17, 151-155. Accessed 13 March 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480709332714.
Erozkan, A., Dogan, U. & Adiguzel, A. (2016). Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and subjective happiness of Teacher candidates at the pedagogical formation certificate program. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(8), 72-82.
García-Olivares, A. (2007). Metáforas del saber popular (III): el amor en el tango. Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales, 23, 139-179.
Harmon, L. (2012). Bob Dylan on Lennie Bruce: more of an outlaw than you ever were. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 38, 1287-1303.
Hidalgo-Downing, L. (2020). Towards an integrated framework for the analysis of metaphor and creativity in discourse. In L. Hidalgo-Downing & B. Kraljevic-Mujic (Eds.), Performing Metaphoric Creativity across Modes and Contexts. Figurative Thought and Language (pp. 1-18). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Hidalgo-Downing, L. & Filardo-Llamas, L. (2020). Metaphor and creativity in lyrics and performances of three songs by U2. In L. Hidalgo-Downing & B. Kraljevic-Mujic (Eds.), Performing Metaphoric Creativity across Modes and Contexts. Figurative Thought and Language (pp. 71-96). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Ibad, F. (2020, January 30). Promoting Intercultural Communication. Research Gate, pp. 1-16. Accessed 30 January 2020. https://doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.31670.65602.
Illescas, J.E. (2015). La dictadura del videoclip: industria musical y sueños prefabricados. Intervención Cultural.
Kövecses, Z. (2010). A new look at metaphorical creativity in cognitive linguistics. Cognitive Linguistics, 21(4), 655–689. Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2010.021.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Lehtonen, K. (2005). Music as a possibility of chance – healing metaphors in music. Music Therapy Today, 6(3), 356-374.
Lengelle, R., Meijers, F. & Hughes, D. (2016). Creative writing for life design: Reflexivity, metaphor and change processes through narrative. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 97, 60–67. Available at: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/81419 (accessed 3 October 2019).
Lundmark, C. (2019). The Creative Use of Idioms in Advertising. Nordic Journal of English Studies, 5, 71-98. Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi.org/10.35360/njes.48.
Manabe, N. (2006). Lovers and Rulers, the Real and the Surreal: Harmonic Metaphors in Silvio Rodríguez´s Songs. Revista Transcultural de Música, (10). Accessed 13 March 2020. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=82201013.
Márquez-Reiter, R. & Hidalgo-Downing, R. (2020). Intercultural communication in a globalized world. In Handbook of Spanish Pragmatics (pp. 305-320). Routledge.
Martín-Rojo, L. & Márquez-Reiter, R. (2019). Language surveillance: Pressure to follow local models of speakerhood among Lantinx students in Madrid. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 257, 17-48.
Musolff, A. (2012). The study of metaphor as part of critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies, 9 (3), 301-310. Accessed 7 May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2012.688300.
Musolff, A. (2019). Creativity in metaphor interpretation. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 23(1), 23–39. Accessed 26 September 2019. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-9182-2019-23-1-23-39.
Myers, D.G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55, 56– 67.
Ngamjitwongsakul, P. (2005). Love Metaphors in Modern Thai Songs. MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, 8(2), 14-29. Accessed 13 March 2020. https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00802002.
Nettle, D. (2005). Happiness: the Science Behind your Smile. New York: Oxford University Press.
Paprotté, W. & Dirven, R. (1985). The Ubiquity of Metaphor. Metaphor in Language and Thought. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamin´s Publishing Company.
Okonski, L., Gibbs, R. W. & Chen, E. (2020). Metaphor in multimodal creativity. In L. Hidalgo-Downing & B. Kraljevic-Mujic (Eds.), Performing Metaphoric Creativity across Modes and Contexts. Figurative Thought and Language (pp. 19-42 ). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Sal Paz, J.C. (2009). Acerca de la metáfora como recurso de creación lexica en el contexto digital. Algunas reflexiones. Tonos Digital, (18).
Sánchez-Vizcaíno, M.C. & Fonseca-Mora, M.C. (2019). Videoclip y emociones en el aprendizaje de Español como Lengua Extranjera. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a La Comunicación, 78, 255–286.
Sánchez-Vizcaíno, M.C. & Fonseca-Mora, M.C. (2020). Mediación y pensamiento crítico en el aprendizaje de lenguas: el análisis de videoclips musicales. Revista de Estudios Socioeducativas, 8.
Seligman, M. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfilment. New York: Free Press.
Silvia, P.J. & Beaty, R.E. (2012). Making creative metaphors: The importance of fluid intelligence for creative thought. Intelligence (pp. 1-9). Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi:10.1016/j.intell.2012.02.005.
Soriano-Salinas, C. (2003). The conceptualization of anger in English and Spanish. A Cognitive Approach. Dissertation Thesis, Universidad de Murcia, Spain.
Sulistiyawati, A. (2016). Metaphor contribution toward theme development on Sara Bareilles´ songs. A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis, Faculty of English Letters, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Urquidi, A. (2015). Meaning construction in creative metaphors: Conventional meaning integration through generic interfacing in a blend, and conditions of propagation and lexicalization. Catalan Journal of Linguistics, 14, 219-237. Accessed 3 October 2019. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.166.
Vaitonyté, J. & Korostenskiené, J. (2015). Feminine Imagery in Contemporary American Pop Songs: A contrastive Analysis. Sustainable Multilingualism, 6. Accessed 9 March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.6.6.
Vidyullatha, T. (2019). Classroom implication in Indian context. Language, Society and other issues with special reference to English. Research Gate, pp. 25-29. Accessed 6 July 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334273193.
Camacho Díaz, M. D., & Fonseca Mora, M. C. (2021). We are what we hear: metaphors in contemporary Spanish and English commercial hits. Fonseca, Journal of Communication, (22). https://doi.org/10.14201/fjc-v22-24142
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
+
−