Responsabilidad social corporativa en la minería de Latinoamérica: un modelo multiactor
Resumen Este artículo analiza las percepciones de empresas mineras y sus stakeholders en cinco países de Latinoamérica. Mediante entrevistas, aborda las dimensiones del análisis relacionadas con el papel de las empresas en las comunidades, las relaciones entre actores y la participación de la comunidad en la toma de decisiones. Los resultados arrojan diferentes visiones y conclusiones, entre ellas la necesidad de una implementación efectiva del modelo multiactor para mejorar la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa y reducir conflictos.
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Akiwumi, F. A. (2014). Strangers and Sierra Leone mining: cultural heritage and sustainable development challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 773-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.078.
Arellano-Yanguas, J. (2011). Aggravating the resource curse: decentralisation, mining and conflict in Peru. The Journal of Development Studies, 47(4), 617-638. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220381003706478.
Babi, K., Asselin, H. y Benzaazoua, M. (2016). Stakeholders’ perceptions of sustainable mining in Morocco: a case study of the abandoned Kettara mine. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(1), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.11.007.
Barnett, M. L. (2007). Stakeholder influence capacity and the variability of financial returns to corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 794-816. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275520.
Basu, P. K., Hicks, J., Krivokapic-Skoko, B. y Sherley, C. (2015). Mining operations and corporate social responsibility: A case study of a large gold mine in regional Australia. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2(3), 531-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.03.002.
Bright, D. (2006). Virtuousness is necessary for genuineness in corporate philanthropy. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 752-754. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.21318929.
Campbell, D. y Slack, R. (2007). The strategic use of corporate philanthropy: building societies and demutualisation defences. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16(4), 326-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00507.x.
Campero, C. y Barton, J. R. (2015). ‘You have to be with God and the Devil’: Linking Bolivia’s Extractive Industries and Local Development through Social Licences. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 34(2), 167-183. h.
Casanova, L. y Dumas, A. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and Latin American multinationals. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1526986.
Chen, J. C. y Roberts, R. W. (2010). Toward a more coherent understanding of the organization-society relationship: A theoretical consideration for social and environmental accounting research. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(4), 651-665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0531-0.
Cisneros, P. y Christel, L. (2014). The democracy deficit of corporate social responsibility in post-neoliberal times: an analysis of the Argentinian and Ecuadorian experiences. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 174-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.032.
Conde, M. (2017). Resistance to mining. A review. Ecological Economics, 132, 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.025.
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132
Davidson, D. K. (2003). Selling sin: The marketing of socially unacceptable products. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Deegan, C. (2006), «Legitimacy theory», in Hogue, Z. (Ed.), Methodological Issues in Accounting Research: Theories and Methods, Spiramus Press, London, pp. 161-182.
De?Miguel?Molina, B., Chirivella?González, V. y García?Ortega, B. (2019). CEO letters: Social license tooperate and community involvement in the mining industry. Business Ethics: A European Review, 28(1), 36-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12205.
Dobele, A. R., Westberg, K., Steel, M. y Flowers, K. (2014). An examination of corporate social responsibility implementation and stakeholder engagement: A case study in the Australian mining industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(3), 145-159. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1775.
Dong, S., Burritt, R. y Qian, W. (2014). Salient stakeholders in corporate social responsibility reporting by Chinese mining and minerals companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.012.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
Frynas, J. G. (2005). The false developmental promise of corporate social responsibility: Evidence from multinational oil companies. International Affairs, 81(3), 581-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00470.x.
Ghalib, A. K. y Agupusi, P. (2014). Business strategy and corporate responsibility: perception and practice in the oil industry and the role of non-governmental organisations. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(5), 951-963. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.720591.
Gifford, B. y Kestler, A. (2008). Toward a theory of local legitimacy by MNEs in developing nations: Newmont mining and health sustainable development in Peru. Journal of International Management, 14(4), 340-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2007.09.005.
Gifford, B., Kestler, A. y Anand, S. (2010). Building local legitimacy into corporate social responsibility: Gold mining firms in developing nations. Journal of World business, 45(3), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.007.
Godfrey, P. C. (2006). A Reply to Bright: Virtuousness and the Virtues of the Market. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 754-756. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.21318930.
Govindan, K., Kannan, D. y Shankar, K. M. (2014). Evaluating the drivers of corporate social responsibility in the mining industry with multi-criteria approach: A multistakeholder perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 214-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.065.
Grougiou, V., Dedoulis, E. y Leventis, S. (2016). Corporate social responsibility reporting and organizational stigma: The case of «sin» industries. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 905-914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.041.
Haslam, P. A. y Tanimoune, N. A. (2016). The determinants of social conflict in the Latin American mining sector: New evidence with quantitative data. World Development, 78, 401-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.020.
Hilson, G. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing countries. Resources Policy, 37(2), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2012.01.002
Holley, E. A. y Mitcham, C. (2016). The Pebble Mine Dialogue: A case study in public engagement and the social license to operate. Resources Policy, 47, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.11.002.
Jenkins, H. y Yakovleva, N. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in the mining industry: Exploring trends in social and environmental disclosure. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(3-4), 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.10.004.
Kapelus, P. (2002). Mining, corporate social responsibility and the «community»: The case of Rio Tinto, Richards Bay Minerals and the Mbonambi. Journal of Business Ethics, 39(3), 275-296. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016570929359.
Kilian, T. y Hennigs, N. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and environmental reporting in controversial industries. European Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-04-2013-0080.
Kowalska, I. J. (2014). Risk management in the hard coal mining industry: Social and environmental aspects of collieries’ liquidation. Resources Policy, 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2014.05.002.
Larrinaga, O. V. y Rodríguez, J. L. (2010). El estudio de casos como metodología de investigación científica en dirección y economía de la empresa. Una aplicación a la internacionalización. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 16(3), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1135-2523(12)60033-1.
López-Morales, J. S., Ortega-Ridaura, I. y Ortiz-Betancourt, I. (2017). Strategies of corporate social responsibility in Latin America: a content analysis in the extractive industry. AD-minister, (31), 115-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.31.7.
López-Navarro, M. A., Tortosa-Edo, V. y Castán-Broto, V. (2018). Firm-local community relationships in polluting industrial agglomerations: How firms’ commitment determines residents’ perceptions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 186, 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.071.
Mzembe, A. N. y Meaton, J. (2014). Driving corporate social responsibility in the Malawian mining industry: a stakeholder perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 21(4), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1319.
Newenham-Kahindi, A. M. (2011). A global mining corporation and local communities in the lake Victoria zone: The case of Barrick Gold multinational in Tanzania. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(2), 253-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0653-4.
O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2015). Social equity and large mining projects: Voluntary industry initiatives, public regulation and community development agreements. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(1), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2308-3.
Parmar, B. L., Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Purnell, L. y De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. The Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 403-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2010.495581.
Parsons, R. y Moffat, K. (2014). Integrating impact and relational dimensions of social licence and social impact assessment. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 32(4), 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2014.936107.
Porter, M. y Kramer, M. (2006). 2006, ‘Strategy and Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility’. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), pp. 78-92.
Slack, K. (2012). Mission impossible?: Adopting a CSR-based business model for extractive industries in developing countries. Resources Policy, 37(2), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2011.02.003.
Van der Plank, S., Walsh, B. y Behrens, P. (2016). The expected impacts of mining: Stakeholder perceptions of a proposed mineral sands mine in rural Australia. Resources Policy, 48, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.03.005.
Viveros, H. (2016). Examining stakeholders’ perceptions of mining impacts and corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(1), 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1363.
Williams, R. J. y Barrett, J. D. (2000). Corporate philanthropy, criminal activity, and firm reputation: Is there a link? Journal of Business Ethics, 26(4), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006282312238.
Yakovleva, N. y Vazquez-Brust, D. (2012). Stakeholder perspectives on CSR of mining MNCs in Argentina. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(2), 191-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0989-4
Yin, R. (1984). Case study research. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage.
Arellano-Yanguas, J. (2011). Aggravating the resource curse: decentralisation, mining and conflict in Peru. The Journal of Development Studies, 47(4), 617-638. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220381003706478.
Babi, K., Asselin, H. y Benzaazoua, M. (2016). Stakeholders’ perceptions of sustainable mining in Morocco: a case study of the abandoned Kettara mine. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(1), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.11.007.
Barnett, M. L. (2007). Stakeholder influence capacity and the variability of financial returns to corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 794-816. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275520.
Basu, P. K., Hicks, J., Krivokapic-Skoko, B. y Sherley, C. (2015). Mining operations and corporate social responsibility: A case study of a large gold mine in regional Australia. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2(3), 531-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.03.002.
Bright, D. (2006). Virtuousness is necessary for genuineness in corporate philanthropy. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 752-754. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.21318929.
Campbell, D. y Slack, R. (2007). The strategic use of corporate philanthropy: building societies and demutualisation defences. Business Ethics: A European Review, 16(4), 326-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00507.x.
Campero, C. y Barton, J. R. (2015). ‘You have to be with God and the Devil’: Linking Bolivia’s Extractive Industries and Local Development through Social Licences. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 34(2), 167-183. h.
Casanova, L. y Dumas, A. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and Latin American multinationals. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1526986.
Chen, J. C. y Roberts, R. W. (2010). Toward a more coherent understanding of the organization-society relationship: A theoretical consideration for social and environmental accounting research. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(4), 651-665. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0531-0.
Cisneros, P. y Christel, L. (2014). The democracy deficit of corporate social responsibility in post-neoliberal times: an analysis of the Argentinian and Ecuadorian experiences. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 174-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.032.
Conde, M. (2017). Resistance to mining. A review. Ecological Economics, 132, 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.025.
Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132
Davidson, D. K. (2003). Selling sin: The marketing of socially unacceptable products. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Deegan, C. (2006), «Legitimacy theory», in Hogue, Z. (Ed.), Methodological Issues in Accounting Research: Theories and Methods, Spiramus Press, London, pp. 161-182.
De?Miguel?Molina, B., Chirivella?González, V. y García?Ortega, B. (2019). CEO letters: Social license tooperate and community involvement in the mining industry. Business Ethics: A European Review, 28(1), 36-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12205.
Dobele, A. R., Westberg, K., Steel, M. y Flowers, K. (2014). An examination of corporate social responsibility implementation and stakeholder engagement: A case study in the Australian mining industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(3), 145-159. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1775.
Dong, S., Burritt, R. y Qian, W. (2014). Salient stakeholders in corporate social responsibility reporting by Chinese mining and minerals companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.012.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
Frynas, J. G. (2005). The false developmental promise of corporate social responsibility: Evidence from multinational oil companies. International Affairs, 81(3), 581-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00470.x.
Ghalib, A. K. y Agupusi, P. (2014). Business strategy and corporate responsibility: perception and practice in the oil industry and the role of non-governmental organisations. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(5), 951-963. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.720591.
Gifford, B. y Kestler, A. (2008). Toward a theory of local legitimacy by MNEs in developing nations: Newmont mining and health sustainable development in Peru. Journal of International Management, 14(4), 340-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2007.09.005.
Gifford, B., Kestler, A. y Anand, S. (2010). Building local legitimacy into corporate social responsibility: Gold mining firms in developing nations. Journal of World business, 45(3), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.007.
Godfrey, P. C. (2006). A Reply to Bright: Virtuousness and the Virtues of the Market. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 754-756. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.21318930.
Govindan, K., Kannan, D. y Shankar, K. M. (2014). Evaluating the drivers of corporate social responsibility in the mining industry with multi-criteria approach: A multistakeholder perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 214-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.065.
Grougiou, V., Dedoulis, E. y Leventis, S. (2016). Corporate social responsibility reporting and organizational stigma: The case of «sin» industries. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 905-914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.041.
Haslam, P. A. y Tanimoune, N. A. (2016). The determinants of social conflict in the Latin American mining sector: New evidence with quantitative data. World Development, 78, 401-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.020.
Hilson, G. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing countries. Resources Policy, 37(2), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2012.01.002
Holley, E. A. y Mitcham, C. (2016). The Pebble Mine Dialogue: A case study in public engagement and the social license to operate. Resources Policy, 47, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.11.002.
Jenkins, H. y Yakovleva, N. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in the mining industry: Exploring trends in social and environmental disclosure. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(3-4), 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.10.004.
Kapelus, P. (2002). Mining, corporate social responsibility and the «community»: The case of Rio Tinto, Richards Bay Minerals and the Mbonambi. Journal of Business Ethics, 39(3), 275-296. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016570929359.
Kilian, T. y Hennigs, N. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and environmental reporting in controversial industries. European Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-04-2013-0080.
Kowalska, I. J. (2014). Risk management in the hard coal mining industry: Social and environmental aspects of collieries’ liquidation. Resources Policy, 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2014.05.002.
Larrinaga, O. V. y Rodríguez, J. L. (2010). El estudio de casos como metodología de investigación científica en dirección y economía de la empresa. Una aplicación a la internacionalización. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 16(3), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1135-2523(12)60033-1.
López-Morales, J. S., Ortega-Ridaura, I. y Ortiz-Betancourt, I. (2017). Strategies of corporate social responsibility in Latin America: a content analysis in the extractive industry. AD-minister, (31), 115-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.31.7.
López-Navarro, M. A., Tortosa-Edo, V. y Castán-Broto, V. (2018). Firm-local community relationships in polluting industrial agglomerations: How firms’ commitment determines residents’ perceptions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 186, 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.071.
Mzembe, A. N. y Meaton, J. (2014). Driving corporate social responsibility in the Malawian mining industry: a stakeholder perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 21(4), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1319.
Newenham-Kahindi, A. M. (2011). A global mining corporation and local communities in the lake Victoria zone: The case of Barrick Gold multinational in Tanzania. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(2), 253-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0653-4.
O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2015). Social equity and large mining projects: Voluntary industry initiatives, public regulation and community development agreements. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(1), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2308-3.
Parmar, B. L., Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Purnell, L. y De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. The Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 403-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2010.495581.
Parsons, R. y Moffat, K. (2014). Integrating impact and relational dimensions of social licence and social impact assessment. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 32(4), 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2014.936107.
Porter, M. y Kramer, M. (2006). 2006, ‘Strategy and Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility’. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), pp. 78-92.
Slack, K. (2012). Mission impossible?: Adopting a CSR-based business model for extractive industries in developing countries. Resources Policy, 37(2), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2011.02.003.
Van der Plank, S., Walsh, B. y Behrens, P. (2016). The expected impacts of mining: Stakeholder perceptions of a proposed mineral sands mine in rural Australia. Resources Policy, 48, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.03.005.
Viveros, H. (2016). Examining stakeholders’ perceptions of mining impacts and corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(1), 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1363.
Williams, R. J. y Barrett, J. D. (2000). Corporate philanthropy, criminal activity, and firm reputation: Is there a link? Journal of Business Ethics, 26(4), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006282312238.
Yakovleva, N. y Vazquez-Brust, D. (2012). Stakeholder perspectives on CSR of mining MNCs in Argentina. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(2), 191-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0989-4
Yin, R. (1984). Case study research. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage.
García-Ortega, B., De-Miguel-Molina, B., & Chirivella-González, V. (2020). Responsabilidad social corporativa en la minería de Latinoamérica: un modelo multiactor. América Latina Hoy, 86, 23–40. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh.22369
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