Estudio arqueométrico de estratigrafías pictóricas de una escultura romana de un togatus encontrada en Salamanca (España)

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ISSN impreso: 0514-7336

ISSN online: 2386-3943

Prefijo Doi: 10.14201

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Jorge Souto
Universidad de Valladolid
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-1712
Javier Pinto
Universidad de Valladolid
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-8325
Biografía
Ángel Carmelo Prieto
Universidad de Valladolid
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4275-0849
Biografía
Mercedes Barrera
Centro de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales-Junta de Castilla y León
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-7515
Biografía
Manuel Carlos Jiménez
Estudio de Arqueología
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2074-9428
Biografía
Alma Salinas
Museo de Salamanca
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3969-229X
Biografía
Vol. 88 (2021), Varia, Páginas 193-207
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14201/zephyrus202188193207
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Resumen

La decoración de una escultura de togado romana encontrada en Salamanca en 2015 ha sido examinada con el objeto de identificar los pigmentos utilizados. Para ello se ha empleado microscopía electrónica de barrido –ESEM– equipada con un analizador de espectroscopía de rayos X por dispersión de energía –ESEM-EDX– y espectroscopía Raman –RS– en modo microscópico. El análisis mediante ESEM-EDX permitió establecer la composición química elemental de las muestras; determinar la concentración y la distribución de cada elemento en diferentes áreas y secciones transversales, y obtener perfiles de concentración predefinidos en el estrato pictórico. Las fases iónicas o moleculares de los componentes presentes en los materiales pictóricos fueron identificadas mediante espectroscopía Raman. En consecuencia, los pigmentos que conforman la paleta pictórica de esta obra de arte, como los óxidos de hierro y el negro de humo, han podido ser confirmados mediante la complementariedad de ambas técnicas. Adicionalmente, el sustrato estructural y la naturaleza química de los dispersantes/imprimadores de los colorantes fueron caracterizados, obteniéndose evidencias de la presencia de sílice y aluminosilicatos combinados tanto con los óxidos de hierro como con el negro de humo.

Palabras clave:

pigmentos, escultura clásica, policromía, mármol, espectroscopía Raman, ESEM-EDX, dispersantes

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