Italian and Spanish: Two Romance Languages with a Different Conceptualization of Space and Motion
Abstract
Despite belonging to the group of Romance languages and being considered closely related, Italian and Spanish show important differences that make them drift away from each other and make us wonder whether the idea of a sole Romance domain is a myth or a reality. After conducting an in-depth analysis of a variety of linguistic resources available in both languages for the expression of motion, we have noticed that Italian and Spanish speakers seem to conceptualize space differently and do not use the same linguistic resources for the creation of motion events. With a comparative analysis of translations in both languages obtained mainly from subtitles of series and films, we have studied boundary-crossing events, the linguistic resources available in Spanish to compensate for the lack of Italian clitic pronouns ci and ne, differences in spatial deixis with the verbs andare and venire compared to ir and venir, as well as the uses of spatial deictic adverbs in Italian (qui/qua and lì/là) compared to aquí/acá, allí/allá and ahí in Spanish. The aim of this paper, focused on the conceptualization of space and the expression of motion in Spanish and Italian, is to show that, despite being widely perceived as two similar languages, there is a much more complex and intricate structure underneath that proves the existence of important linguistic differences between these two languages and, most importantly, two diverse perceptions of the world.
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Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, fire and dangerous things. What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Slobin, Dan Isaac. 1996. «Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish». En Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning, ed. por Masayoshi Shibatani y Sandra Thompson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 195-219.
Slobin, Dan Isaac y Nini Hoiting. 1994. «Reference to movement in spoken and signed languages: Typological considerations». Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20, 487-505.
Suadoni, Anna. 2011. «Applicazioni pedagogiche della grammatica cognitiva: i verbi di movimento deittici in spagnolo e italiano». En Glottodidattica Giovane 2011. Saggi di venti giovani studiosi italiani, ed. por Paolo E. Balboni y Marco Mezzadri. Perugia: Guerra Edizioni, 197-208.
Suadoni, Anna. 2016. Verbos de movimiento, deixis y proyección metafórica. El caso de andare y venire en constraste con ir y venir. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Granada.
Talmy, Leonard. 2000a. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Concept Structuring Systems. Volume 1. Cambridge, MA.: The MIT Press.
Talmy, Leonard. 2000b. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Typology and Process in Concept Structuring. Volume 2. Cambridge, MA.: The MIT Press.
Tiedemann, Jörg. «OPUS. The open parallel corpus». Fecha de acceso: mayo-junio 2021. http://opus.nlpl.eu/index.php
Vanelli, Laura y Lorenzo Renzi. 2001. «La deissi». En Grande Grammatica Italiana di Consultazione. III. Tipi di frase, deissi, formazione delle parole, ed. por Lorenzo Renzi, Giampaolo Salvi y Anna Cardinaletti. Bologna: Il Mulino, 261-376.
Bermejo Calleja, Felisa. 2007. «Aproximación al estudio contrastivo del adverbio en italiano y en español». En Partículas/Particelle. Estudios de lingüística contrastiva español e italiano, ed. por Félix San Vicente. Bologna: Clueb, 179-196.
Bowerman, Melissa. 2007. «Containment, support, and beyond: Constructing topological spatial categories in first language acquisition». En The Categorization of Spatial Entities in Language and Cognition, ed. por Michel Aurnague, Maya Hickmann y Laure Vieu. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 177-203.
Cordin, Patrizia y Andrea Calabrese. 2001. «I pronomi personali». En Grande Grammatica Italiana di Consultazione. I. La frase. I sintagmi nominale e preposizionale, ed. por Lorenzo Renzi, Giampaolo Salvi y Anna Cardinaletti. Bologna: Il Mulino, 549-606.
Fillmore, Charles. 1985. «Frames and the semantics of understanding». Quaderni di Semantica 6: 222-254.
Jackendoff, Ray. 2002. Foundations of Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, fire and dangerous things. What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Langacker, Ronald Wayne. 2008. Cognitive Grammar. A basic introduction. Oxford: OUP.
Levinson, Stephen Curtis y David Wilkins. 2006. Grammars of Space. Explorations in Cognitive Diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lonzi, Lidia. 2001. «Il sintagma avverbiale». En Grande Grammatica Italiana di Consultazione. II. I Sintagmi verbale, aggettivale, avverbiale. La subordinazione, ed. por Lorenzo Renzi, Giampaolo Salvi y Anna Cardinaletti. Bologna: Il Mulino, 341-414.
Marotta, Giovanna. 2010. «Why space in language? The reasons for a meeting». En Space in language. Proceedings of the Pisa International Conference, ed. por Giovanna Marotta, Alessandro Lenci, Linda Meini y Francesco Rovai. Pisa: ETS, 11-25.
Monti, Silvia. 1981. «L’opposizione andare/venire in italiano e spagnolo». Quaderni di Lingue e Letterature 6: 115-125.
Para Crawl. Fecha de acceso: junio 2021. https://paracrawl.eu/
Real Academia Española. 2009. Nueva gramática de la lengua española. Sintaxis II. Madrid: Espasa Libros.
Real Academia Española. «Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual (CREA)». Fecha de acceso: junio 2021. http://corpus.rae.es/creanet.html
Reverso Context. Fecha de acceso: mayo-junio 2021. https://context.reverso.net/traduccion
Slobin, Dan Isaac. 1985. The crosslinguistic study of language acquisition. Volume 1: the data. Volume 2: theoretical issues. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Slobin, Dan Isaac. 1996. «Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish». En Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning, ed. por Masayoshi Shibatani y Sandra Thompson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 195-219.
Slobin, Dan Isaac y Nini Hoiting. 1994. «Reference to movement in spoken and signed languages: Typological considerations». Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20, 487-505.
Suadoni, Anna. 2011. «Applicazioni pedagogiche della grammatica cognitiva: i verbi di movimento deittici in spagnolo e italiano». En Glottodidattica Giovane 2011. Saggi di venti giovani studiosi italiani, ed. por Paolo E. Balboni y Marco Mezzadri. Perugia: Guerra Edizioni, 197-208.
Suadoni, Anna. 2016. Verbos de movimiento, deixis y proyección metafórica. El caso de andare y venire en constraste con ir y venir. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Granada.
Talmy, Leonard. 2000a. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Concept Structuring Systems. Volume 1. Cambridge, MA.: The MIT Press.
Talmy, Leonard. 2000b. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Typology and Process in Concept Structuring. Volume 2. Cambridge, MA.: The MIT Press.
Tiedemann, Jörg. «OPUS. The open parallel corpus». Fecha de acceso: mayo-junio 2021. http://opus.nlpl.eu/index.php
Vanelli, Laura y Lorenzo Renzi. 2001. «La deissi». En Grande Grammatica Italiana di Consultazione. III. Tipi di frase, deissi, formazione delle parole, ed. por Lorenzo Renzi, Giampaolo Salvi y Anna Cardinaletti. Bologna: Il Mulino, 261-376.
Florio, N. (2022). Italian and Spanish: Two Romance Languages with a Different Conceptualization of Space and Motion. CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria De Traducción Interpretación Y Comunicación Intercultural, 7(2), 15–39. https://doi.org/10.14201/clina2021721539
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